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Tools for Optimising Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatry (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Molecular Brain Imaging and Pharmacogenetic Tests): Focus on Antidepressants

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Tools for Optimising Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatry (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Molecular Brain Imaging and Pharmacogenetic Tests): Focus on Antidepressants The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iwbp20 Tools for optimising pharmacotherapy in psychiatry (therapeutic drug monitoring, molecular brain imaging and pharmacogenetic tests): focus on antidepressants C. B. Eap, G. Gründer, P. Baumann, N. Ansermot, A. Conca, E. Corruble, S. Crettol, M. L. Dahl, J. de Leon, C. Greiner, O. Howes, E. Kim, R. Lanzenberger, J. H. Meyer, R. Moessner, H. Mulder, D. J. Müller, M. Reis, P. Riederer, H. G. Ruhe, O. Spigset, E. Spina, B. Stegman, W. Steimer, J. Stingl, S. Suzen, H. Uchida, S. Unterecker, F. Vandenberghe & C. Hiemke To cite this article: C. B. Eap, G. Gründer, P. Baumann, N. Ansermot, A. Conca, E. Corruble, S. Crettol, M. L. Dahl, J. de Leon, C. Greiner, O. Howes, E. Kim, R. Lanzenberger, J. H. Meyer, R. Moessner, H. Mulder, D. J. Müller, M. Reis, P. Riederer, H. G. Ruhe, O. Spigset, E. Spina, B. Stegman, W. Steimer, J. Stingl, S. Suzen, H. Uchida, S. Unterecker, F. Vandenberghe & C. Hiemke (2021): Tools for optimising pharmacotherapy in psychiatry (therapeutic drug monitoring, molecular brain imaging and pharmacogenetic tests): focus on antidepressants, The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1878427 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2021.1878427 © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa Published online: 12 May 2021. UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1134 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=iwbp20 THE WORLD JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2021.1878427 REVIEW ARTICLE Tools for optimising pharmacotherapy in psychiatry (therapeutic drug monitoring, molecular brain imaging and pharmacogenetic tests): focus on antidepressants a,b,c,d,eà fà g a h,i j,k C. B. Eap ,G.Grunder€ , P. Baumann , N. Ansermot , A. Conca , E. Corruble , S. Crettola , M. L. Dahll, J. de Leonm , C. Greinern, O. Howeso, E. Kimp,q, R. Lanzenbergerr , J. H. Meyers, R. Moessnert, H. Mulderu,v,w,x,D.J.Muller€ y,z,aa, M. Reisab,ac, P. Riedererad,ae, H. G. Ruheaf,ag , O. Spigsetah,ai, E. Spinaaj , B. Stegmanak, W. Steimeral, J. Stinglam, S. Suzenan, H. Uchidaao, S. Untereckerap, F. Vandenberghea and C. Hiemkeaq aUnit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; bCenter for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; cSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; dInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; eInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland; fDepartment of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; gDepartment of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; hDepartment of Psychiatry, Health Service District Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; iDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, South Tyrolean Regional Health Service, Bolzano, Italy; jINSERM CESP, Team MOODS, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Universite Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France; kService Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Hopital^ Bic^etre, Assistance Publique Hopitaux^ de Paris, Le Kremlin Bic^etre, France; lDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; mEastern State Hospital, University of Kentucky Mental Health Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA; nBundesinstitut fur€ Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Bonn, Germany; oKing’s College London and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)-Imperial College, London, UK; pDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea; qDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; rDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; sCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; tDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tubingen,€ Tubingen,€ Germany; uDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Wilhelmina Hospital Assen, Assen, The Netherlands; vGGZ Drenthe Mental Health Services Drenthe, Assen, The Netherlands; wDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; xDepartment of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; yCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; zDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; aaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; abDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linkoping€ University, Linkoping,€ Sweden; acClinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; adCenter of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wurzburg,€ Wurzburg,€ Germany; aeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Odense, Denmark; afDepartment of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; agDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; ahDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; aiDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; ajDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; akInstitut fur€ Pharmazie der Universit€at Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; alInstitute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; amInstitute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Germany; anDepartment of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; aoDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; apDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wurzburg,€ Wurzburg,€ Germany; aqDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany CONTACT CB Eap [email protected] Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Hospital of Cery, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland; G Grunder€ [email protected] Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; C Hiemke [email protected] Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany à Joint first authorship ß 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. 2 C. B. EAP ET AL. ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Objectives: More than 40 drugs are available to treat affective disorders. Individual selection of Received 16 July 2020 the optimal drug and dose is required to attain the highest possible efficacy and acceptable tol- Revised 20 October 2020 erability for every patient. Accepted 1 December 2020 Methods: This review, which includes more than 500 articles selected by 30 experts, combines KEYWORDS relevant knowledge on studies investigating the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and Antidepressants; brain pharmacogenetics of 33 antidepressant drugs and of 4 drugs approved for augmentation in imaging; precision cases of insufficient response to antidepressant monotherapy. Such studies typically measure medicine; pharmacogenet- drug concentrations in blood (i.e. therapeutic drug monitoring) and genotype relevant genetic ics; therapeutic polymorphisms of enzymes, transporters or receptors involved in drug metabolism or mechan- drug monitoring ism of action. Imaging studies, primarily positron emission tomography that relates drug con- centrations in blood and radioligand binding, are considered to quantify target structure occupancy by the antidepressant drugs in vivo. Results: Evidence is given that in vivo imaging, therapeutic drug monitoring and genotyping and/or phenotyping of drug metabolising enzymes should be an integral part in the develop- ment of any new antidepressant drug. Conclusions: To guide antidepressant drug therapy in everyday practice, there are multiple indi- cations such as uncertain adherence, polypharmacy, nonresponse and/or adverse reactions
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