島根県西部に分布する下部ジュラ系樋口層群の地質と北方系二枚貝化石群 Geology and Boreal Bivalve Assemblages of the Lower Jurassic Higuchi Group, Western Shimane Prefecture, Japan
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Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the Tarava Seamounts, Society Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia)
Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the Tarava Seamounts, Society Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia) Henk H. DIJKSTRA Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Marine Zoology, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden (The Netherlands) [email protected] Philippe MAESTRATI Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Évolution, UMR 7138, case postale 51, 57, rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Dijkstra H. H. & Maestrati P. 2013. — Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the Tarava Seamounts, Society Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia). Zoosystema 35 (3): 361-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2013n3a2 ABSTRACT Eighteen species of Pectinoidea (six Propeamussiidae Abbott, 1954, one KEY WORDS Bivalvia, Entoliidae Teppner, 1922, eleven Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815) are listed from French Polynesia, the Tarava Seamounts, Society Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, French littoral, Polynesia. Four Propeamussiidae species (Parvamussium lamellatum n. sp., bathyal, new species, Parvamussium scutulatum n. sp., Parvamussium vesiculosum n. sp., Cyclopecten new records. comptulus n. sp.) are new to science. RÉSUMÉ Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) des Monts sous- marins Tarava, des Îles de la Société et de l’Archipel des Tuamotu (Polynésie française). Dix-huit espèces de Pectinoidea (six Propeamussiidae Abbott, 1954, un Ento- MOTS CLÉS Bivalvia, liidae Teppner, 1922, onze Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815) ont été récoltées des Polynésie française, Monts sous-marins Tarava, des Îles de la Société, et de l’Archipel des Tuamotu, littoral, Polynésie française. Quatre espèces de Propeamussiidae (Parvamussium lamel- bathyal, espèces nouvelles, latum n. sp., Parvamussium scutulatum n. sp., Parvamussium vesiculosum n. sp., nouvelles occurences. -
From the Indonesian Archipelago
A contribution to the knowledge of the pectinacean Mollusca (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae, Pectinidae) from the Indonesian Archipelago H.H. Dijkstra Dijkstra, H.H. A contribution to the knowledge of the pectinacean Mollusca (Bivalvia: Propea- mussiidae, Entoliidae, Pectinidae) from the Indonesian Archipelago. Zool. Verh. Leiden 271, 24.xii.l991: l-57, figs. 1-94, 1 table. — ISSN 0024-1652. Key words: Mollusca; Bivalvia; Propeamussiidae; Entoliidae; Pectinidae; taxonomy; Indonesia. Abstract: During the Indonesian-Dutch SNELLIUS -II Expedition (1984-1985) to the Indonesian Archipelago 46 pectinacean species were collected from the Flores Sea and Banda Sea (5°52'-9°57'S, 118°12'-123°58'E) at littoral to bathyal depth (835 m). One new pectinid genus, viz. Glorichlamys gen. nov., six new propeamussiids, viz. Parvamussium araneum spec. nov., Parvamussium carbaseum spec. nov., Parvamussium cassium spec. nov., Parvamussium undosum spec. nov., Parvamussium virgatum spec. nov., Cyclopecten cancellus spec. nov., and one new entoliid, viz. Pectinella aequoris spec. nov. are described. Twelve new records of Pectinacea for this region are mentioned. For Ostrea squamosa Gmelin, 1791 a lectotype is designated. In addition Pectinidae of the SNELLIUS-Expedition (1929- 1930) to the eastern region of Indonesia, and material collected by Dr B.W. Hoeksema near Sulawesi (1985, 1986) are reported upon. H.H. Dijkstra, Zoological Museum Amsterdam, P.O. Box 4766, 1009 AT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Contents Introduction 3 Acknowledgements and abbreviations 5 Systematic part 6 Propeamussiidae 6 Entoliidae 23 Pectinidae 25 References 50 Index 55 Introduction For several centuries already Pectinidae are known from the Indonesian Archi• pelago. These were brought to Europe by explorers and commercial travellers. -
First Record of Non-Mineralized Cephalopod Jaws and Arm Hooks
Klug et al. Swiss J Palaeontol (2020) 139:9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-020-00210-y Swiss Journal of Palaeontology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access First record of non-mineralized cephalopod jaws and arm hooks from the latest Cretaceous of Eurytania, Greece Christian Klug1* , Donald Davesne2,3, Dirk Fuchs4 and Thodoris Argyriou5 Abstract Due to the lower fossilization potential of chitin, non-mineralized cephalopod jaws and arm hooks are much more rarely preserved as fossils than the calcitic lower jaws of ammonites or the calcitized jaw apparatuses of nautilids. Here, we report such non-mineralized fossil jaws and arm hooks from pelagic marly limestones of continental Greece. Two of the specimens lie on the same slab and are assigned to the Ammonitina; they represent upper jaws of the aptychus type, which is corroborated by fnds of aptychi. Additionally, one intermediate type and one anaptychus type are documented here. The morphology of all ammonite jaws suggest a desmoceratoid afnity. The other jaws are identifed as coleoid jaws. They share the overall U-shape and proportions of the outer and inner lamellae with Jurassic lower jaws of Trachyteuthis (Teudopseina). We also document the frst belemnoid arm hooks from the Tethyan Maastrichtian. The fossils described here document the presence of a typical Mesozoic cephalopod assemblage until the end of the Cretaceous in the eastern Tethys. Keywords: Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea, Desmoceratoidea, Coleoidea, Maastrichtian, Taphonomy Introduction as jaws, arm hooks, and radulae are occasionally found Fossil cephalopods are mainly known from preserved (Matern 1931; Mapes 1987; Fuchs 2006a; Landman et al. mineralized parts such as aragonitic phragmocones 2010; Kruta et al. -
Paléontologie Au Luxembourg (2) A
Paléontologie au Luxembourg (2) A. Di Cencio, D. Sadki, R. Weis (eds.) R. Weis D. Sadki, A. Di Cencio, Les ammonites de la Minette Andrea Di Cencio, Driss Sadki, Paléontologie au Luxembourg (2) Luxembourg au Paléontologie Robert Weis (eds.) Ferrantia Travaux scientifiques du Musée national d'histoire naturelle Luxembourg www.mnhn.lu 83 2020 Ferrantia 83 2020 2020 83 Ferrantia est une revue publiée à intervalles non réguliers par le Musée national d’histoire naturelle à Luxembourg. Elle fait suite, avec la même tomaison, aux T M ’ L parus entre 1981 et 1999. Comité de rédaction: Eric Buttini Guy Colling Alain Frantz Thierry Helminger Ben Thuy Mise en page: Romain Bei Design: Thierry Helminger Prix du volume: 20 € Rédaction: Échange: Musée national d’histoire naturelle Exchange MnhnL Rédaction Ferrantia c/o Musée national d’histoire naturelle 25, rue Münster 25, rue Münster L-2160 Luxembourg L-2160 Luxembourg Tél +352 46 22 33 - 1 Tél +352 46 22 33 - 1 Fax +352 46 38 48 Fax +352 46 38 48 Internet: http://www.mnhn.lu/ferrantia/ Internet: http://www.mnhnl.lu/biblio/exchange email: [email protected] email: [email protected] Page de couverture: Bredyia subinsignis (Oppel, 1856), DOU833. Natural History Museum of Luxembourg. Citation: Di Cencio A., Sadki D., Weis R. (eds.) 2020. - Paléontologie au Luxembourg (2) - Les ammonites de la Minette. Ferrantia 83, Musée national d’histoire naturelle, Luxembourg, 129 p. Date de publication: 15 décembre 2020 (réception du manuscrit: 19 mai 2020) Impression: Imprimerie Centrale climatiquement neutre Impression | LU-319-JR8FDJV | www.natureOffice.com Ferrantia est publiée sous la licence Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 3.0 LU. -
Early Bajocian Type Sonniniids and Hammatoceratids SW Germany
Boletín del Instituto de Fisiografía y Geología 91, 2021 1 New information on the Early Bajocian types of sonniniids and hammatoceratids (Ammonitina) described by W. Waagen (1867) from Gingen/Fils (SW Germany) Driss Sadki & Volker Dietze Sadki D. & Dietze V., 2021. New information on the Early Bajocian types of sonniniids and hammatoceratids (Ammonitina) described by W. Waagen (1867) from Gingen/Fils (SW Germany). Boletín del Instituto de Fisiografía y Geología 91: 1-16. Rosario, 08/05/2021. ISSN 1666-115X. Abstract. The type specimens of the species of sonniniids and hammatoceratids (Ammonitina) from the Lower Bajocian of Gingen/Fils (SW Germany) described by Waagen in 1867, and deposited in the Bavarian State Collection for Palaeontology and Geology in Munich, are revised. They are referred to the morphogenera Euhoploceras, Shirbuirnia, Papilliceras, Sonninia, Witchellia, and Fissilobiceras: E. adicrum (Waagen, 1867), E. polyacanthum (Waagen, 1867), E. mayeri (Waagen, 1867), S. gingensis (Waagen, 1867), P. mesacanthum (Waagen, 1867), S. patella (Waagen, 1867), W. jugifera (Waagen, 1867), and F. fissilobatum (Waagen, 1867). A lectotype is designated for E. Recibido 17/09/2020 Aceptado 29/10/2020 mayeri (Waagen, 1867). Keywords: Sonniniidae ▪ Hammatoceratidae ▪ Ammonitina ▪ Middle Jurassic ▪ Lower Bajocian ▪ W. Waagen ▪ Disponible vía Internet Southwest Germany. & versión impresa 08/05/2021 Resumen. Nueva información sobre los tipos de sonníniidos y hammatocerátidos (Ammonitina, Cephalopoda) del Editor: H. Parent Bajociano Inferior de Gingen/Fils (SO de Alemania) descriptos por W. Waagen (1867). Los especímenes tipo de sonníniidos y hammatocerátidos (Ammonitina) del Bajociano Inferior de Gingen/Fils (SO de Alemania) descriptos por Waagen en 1867, actualmente depositados en el Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie in München, son revisados y referidos a los morfogéneros Euhoploceras, Shirbuirnia, Papilliceras, Sonninia, Witchellia, y Fissilobiceras: E. -
Mainstreaming Biodiversity for Sustainable Development
Mainstreaming Biodiversity for Sustainable Development Dinesan Cheruvat Preetha Nilayangode Oommen V Oommen KERALA STATE BIODIVERSITY BOARD Mainstreaming Biodiversity for Sustainable Development Dinesan Cheruvat Preetha Nilayangode Oommen V Oommen KERALA STATE BIODIVERSITY BOARD MAINSTREAMING BIODIVERSITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Editors Dinesan Cheruvat, Preetha Nilayangode, Oommen V Oommen Editorial Assistant Jithika. M Design & Layout - Praveen K. P ©Kerala State Biodiversity Board-2017 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by - Dr. Dinesan Cheruvat Member Secretary Kerala State Biodiversity Board ISBN No. 978-81-934231-1-0 Citation Dinesan Cheruvat, Preetha Nilayangode, Oommen V Oommen Mainstreaming Biodiversity for Sustainable Development 2017 Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram 500 Pages MAINSTREAMING BIODIVERSITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IntroduCtion The Hague Ministerial Declaration from the Conference of the Parties (COP 6) to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2002 recognized first the need to mainstream the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources across all sectors of the national economy, the society and the policy-making framework. The concept of mainstreaming was subsequently included in article 6(b) of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which called on the Parties to the -
Evolution of Habitat Depth in the Jurassic– Cretaceous Ammonoids
COMMENTARY COMMENTARY Evolution of habitat depth in the Jurassic– Cretaceous ammonoids Kazuyoshi Moriya1 oxygen isotopic analyses of shell materials of Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, ammonoids reveal the temperature at which Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan the shell was secreted. This technique, called oxygen isotopic thermometry, has been widely Ammonoids, a group of cephalopods with body fossils and close modern relatives. For used in paleoclimatological and paleobiologi- external chambered shells, arose in the early example, although one may usually imagine that cal research. It was also applied to ammonoid Devonian and went extinct at the Cretaceous/ ammonoids were planktic or nektic organisms fossils more than 40 y ago (2, 3). Many scien- Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. During their 340- within a water column, like the Nautilus,which tists, however, assumed that ammonoids were planktic or nektic organisms, so their discus- million-y history, ammonoids suffered three is the sole surviving cephalopod bearing an sion focused mainly on growth rates inferred major diversity crises at the end of the Devonian, external chambered shell, there is very little by identifying sinusoidal patterns, hence sea- Permian, and Triassic Periods, and the terminal direct evidence showing the habitat depth of sonality, in the temperature data. Among extinction event at the K/Pg boundary. Because ammonoids within an ancient water column. those previous workers, Anderson et al. (4) of their rapid morphological evolution and rich Sessa et al. (1) shed new light on the habitat analyzed oxygen isotopic composition of the fossil record, ammonoids have been used to depth of the Cretaceous ammonoids using geo- middle Jurassic ammonoids and compared determine the relative age of marine strata and chemical proxy records. -
Abstracts and Program. – 9Th International Symposium Cephalopods ‒ Present and Past in Combination with the 5Th
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265856753 Abstracts and program. – 9th International Symposium Cephalopods ‒ Present and Past in combination with the 5th... Conference Paper · September 2014 CITATIONS READS 0 319 2 authors: Christian Klug Dirk Fuchs University of Zurich 79 PUBLICATIONS 833 CITATIONS 186 PUBLICATIONS 2,148 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Exceptionally preserved fossil coleoids View project Paleontological and Ecological Changes during the Devonian and Carboniferous in the Anti-Atlas of Morocco View project All content following this page was uploaded by Christian Klug on 22 September 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. in combination with the 5th International Symposium Coleoid Cephalopods through Time Abstracts and program Edited by Christian Klug (Zürich) & Dirk Fuchs (Sapporo) Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich Cephalopods ‒ Present and Past 9 & Coleoids through Time 5 Zürich 2014 ____________________________________________________________________________ 2 Cephalopods ‒ Present and Past 9 & Coleoids through Time 5 Zürich 2014 ____________________________________________________________________________ 9th International Symposium Cephalopods ‒ Present and Past in combination with the 5th International Symposium Coleoid Cephalopods through Time Edited by Christian Klug (Zürich) & Dirk Fuchs (Sapporo) Paläontologisches Institut und Museum Universität Zürich, September 2014 3 Cephalopods ‒ Present and Past 9 & Coleoids through Time 5 Zürich 2014 ____________________________________________________________________________ Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Hugo Bucher (Zürich, Switzerland) Dr. Larisa Doguzhaeva (Moscow, Russia) Dr. Dirk Fuchs (Hokkaido University, Japan) Dr. Christian Klug (Zürich, Switzerland) Dr. Dieter Korn (Berlin, Germany) Dr. Neil Landman (New York, USA) Prof. Pascal Neige (Dijon, France) Dr. -
(Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae) from Taiwan
Bulletin of Malacology, Taiwan 33 : 37-54 37 New bathyal species and records ofPectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae) from Taiwan 1 2 Henk H. Dijkstra , Philippe Maestrati I. Zoological Museum, Department of Malaco logy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University ofAmsterdam, Mauritskade 61, 1092 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] 2. D6partement de Systematique et Evolution UMS 602 Taxonomie et Collection, F - 55 rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris, France E-mail: [email protected] Abstract New species: Parvamussium liaoi n. sp., Scaeochlamys squamea n. sp. New records for Taiwan: Propeamussium siratama, Parvamussium aldeynzeri, Parvamussium cristatellum, Parvamussium undisonum, Parvamussium vesiculatum, Cic/opecten fluctuatus, Delectopecten musorstomi. Key words: Bivalvia, Propeamussiidae, Pectinidae, taxonomy, Taiwan 38 Dijkstra & Maestrati Bulletin of Malacology, Taiwan 33 : 37-54 Introduction This paper deals with new, deep-water, Recent pectinoid species and records (Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae) from Taiwanese waters taken by three French/Taiwanese cruises Taiwan 2000, Taiwan 2001, and Taiwan 2004. The cruise "TAIWAN 2000" on board RIV Fisheries Researcher No. 1 was supported by the National Taiwan Ocean University (NTOU), Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute, National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C. (NSC), Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) and the IRD (lnstitut de Recherche pour Ie Developpement, France). The cruise "TAIWAN 2001" on trawler Chung Tung Long No. 26 was supported by the NTOU, NSC, National Museum of Marine Science & Technology (Taiwan, R.O.C.; NMMST), MNHN, and the IRD. The cruise "TAIWAN 2004" on commercial trawler "Rih-Jheng 101" and RIV "Ocean Researcher 2" was supported by the NSC, R.O.C., National Museum of Marine Science & Technology R.O.C., and MNHN. -
Propeamussiidae, Inoceramidae, and Other Bivalvia from the Lower Cretaceous Puez Formation (Valanginianecenomanian; Dolomites, South Tyrol, Italy)
Cretaceous Research 46 (2013) 216e231 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes Propeamussiidae, Inoceramidae, and other Bivalvia from the Lower Cretaceous Puez Formation (ValanginianeCenomanian; Dolomites, South Tyrol, Italy) Simon Schneider a, b, *, James S. Crampton c, d, Alexander Lukeneder e a CASP, West Building, 181A Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DJ, UK b GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paläoumwelt, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany c GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand d Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand e Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Geologisch-Paläontologische Abteilung, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria article info abstract Article history: A bivalve assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Puez Formation at the type locality, Piz de Puez (Do- Received 10 June 2013 lomites, South Tyrol, northern Italy) is described. Given the large amount of sedimentary rock screened Accepted in revised form 3 September 2013 during the course of this study, the <50 bivalves examined here, although occurring in very low Available online 12 November 2013 abundance, are considered to represent a reasonably comprehensive sample. The assemblage provides insight into an autochthonous, Mesozoic, deep-water bivalve community, which was dominated by glass Keywords: scallops. Two species are described as new, Parvamussium pizpuezense n. sp. and the giant P. mordsdrum Propeamussiidae n. sp. Presumably, they lived as epifaunal-reclining carnivores and preyed on various meiofauna, occu- Inoceramidae Barremian pying a similar ecologic niche as their modern counterparts. Scarce epifaunal, suspension-feeding Ino- Tethys ceramidae entered only by occasional recruitment of larvae into an environment that is inferred to have Deep water been characterised by low levels of suspended nutrients. -
Larval Assemblages Over the Abyssal Plain in the Pacific Are Highly Diverse and Spatially Patchy
Larval assemblages over the abyssal plain in the Pacific are highly diverse and spatially patchy Oliver Kersten1,2, Eric W. Vetter1, Michelle J. Jungbluth1,3, Craig R. Smith3 and Erica Goetze3 1 Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, HI, United States of America 2 Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 3 Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America ABSTRACT Abyssal plains are among the most biodiverse yet least explored marine ecosystems on our planet, and they are increasingly threatened by human impacts, including future deep seafloor mining. Recovery of abyssal populations from the impacts of polymetallic nodule mining will be partially determined by the availability and dispersal of pelagic larvae leading to benthic recolonization of disturbed areas of the seafloor. Here we use a tree-of-life (TOL) metabarcoding approach to investigate the species richness, diversity, and spatial variability of the larval assemblage at mesoscales across the abyssal seafloor in two mining-claim areas in the eastern Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ; abyssal Pacific). Our approach revealed a previously unknown taxonomic richness within the meroplankton assemblage, detecting larvae from 12 phyla, 23 Classes, 46 Orders, and 65 Families, including a number of taxa not previously reported at abyssal depths or within the Pacific Ocean. A novel suite of parasitic copepods and worms were sampled, from families that are known to associate with other benthic invertebrates or demersal fishes as hosts. Larval assemblages were patchily distributed at the mesoscale, with little similarity in OTUs detected among deployments even within the same 30 × 30 km study area. -
Lower and Middle Jurassic Ammonoids of the Shemshak Group in Alborz, Iran and Their Palaeobiogeographical and Biostratigraphical Importance
Lower and Middle Jurassic ammonoids of the Shemshak Group in Alborz, Iran and their palaeobiogeographical and biostratigraphical importance KAZEM SEYED−EMAMI, FRANZ T. FÜRSICH, MARKUS WILMSEN, MAHMOUD R. MAJIDIFARD, and ALI SHEKARIFARD Seyed−Emami, K., Fürsich, F.T., Wilmsen, M., Majidifard, M.R., and Shekarifard, A. 2008. Lower and Middle Jurassic ammonoids of the Shemshak Group in Alborz, Iran and their palaeobiogeographical and biostratigraphical importance. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 (2): 237–260. The Shemshak Group at Shahmirzad (northern Iran) is characterized by the most frequent and extensive marine intercala− tions and contains the most abundant and diverse ammonite faunas hitherto known from the Lower and lower Middle Ju− rassic strata of the Alborz Range. So far, 62 ammonite taxa have been recorded from this area, including 25 taxa from ear− lier studies. The taxa belong to the families Cymbitidae, Echioceratidae, Amaltheidae, Dactylioceratidae, Hildoceratidae, Graphoceratidae, Hammatoceratidae, Erycitidae, and Stephanoceratidae with the new species Paradumortieria elmii and Pleydellia (P.?) ruttneri. The fauna represents the Late Sinemurian, Late Pliensbachian, Toarcian, Aalenian, and Early Bajocian. Palaeobiogeographically, it is closely related to the Northwest European (Subboreal) Province, and exhibits only minor relations with the Mediterranean (Tethyan) Province. Key words: Ammonitida, biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography, Jurassic, Shemshak Group, Alborz Mountains, Iran. Kazem Seyed−Emami [[email protected]] and Ali Shekarifard, School of Mining Engineering, University College of En− gineering. University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11365−4563, Tehran, Iran; Franz T. Fürsich [[email protected]−erlangen.de] and Markus Wilmsen [[email protected]−erlangen.de], Geozentrum Nordbayern der Universität Erlangen−Nürnberg, Fachgruppe PaläoUmwelt, Loewenichstraße 28, D−91054 Erlangen, Germany; Mahmoud R.