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A Holistic Approach to Addressing Sea Level Rise and Resiliency

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A Holistic Approach to Addressing Sea Level Rise and Resiliency Living with Water Hampton: A Holistic Approach to Addressing Sea Level Rise and Resiliency 12 JANUARY 2018 HAMPTON DUTCH DIALOGUES REPORT - DRAFT A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO ADDRESSING SEA LEVEL RISE AND RESILIENCY 1 Table of Contents 2 Executive Summary 8 Introduction 20 Assessment: Best Data 30 How We Move Forward: Guiding Principles and Values 40 Big Ideas: Goals 46 Place-Driven Analysis 80 Making Better Decisions: Evaluation Tool 84 Legal Framework and Challenges 90 Next Steps 94 Atlas 118 Appendix REPORT PREPARED BY: WAGGONNER & BALL ARCHITECTURE/ENVIRONMENT 2200 PRYTANIA STREET NEW ORLEANS, LA 70130 +1 504 524 5308 WBAE.COM 2 LIVING WITH WATER HAMPTON A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO ADDRESSING SEA LEVEL RISE AND RESILIENCY 3 Executive Summary Introduction The Hampton Roads region is one of the most vulnerable areas in the country for impacts from climate change, sea level rise, and recurring flooding. As members of a coastal community, Hampton’s citizens have experienced these impacts, and are sensitive to the challenges they face. Increases in flood insurance rates, repetitive loss from flooding, and lack of safe routes to employment and critical services due to flooding and large storms are all concerns for this city. Hampton has undertaken this effort to address ongoing stresses, such as nuisance flooding from higher tides, and prepare for future shocks from large weather events through a place- and asset-based approach to resiliency. Resilience is building on the strengths of a community to make it easier to recover from extreme events and relieve everyday stresses. This document details the work completed and progress made as part of Phase I of the Resilient Hampton initiative. This effort assesses the multiple forces of water, incorporates community principles and values, and recommends solutions driven by unique neighborhood characteristics. Hampton is uniquely poised to tackle these issues, and lead the way to a resilient future. Hampton exists because of its proximity to water, and development of the early economy occurred in relationship to the water: the seafood industry requires water for fishing and crabbing, Langley Air Force Base originally required water to fly over and practice the earliest attempts at aerial bombing, and tourism is based in marinas and beaches. Hampton has a very close cultural connection of water, and a desire to work with the water, and not simply shut it out. Further, Hampton has a long history of education and innovation, with multiple organizations that are equipped to partner with the City to address these issues head-on and provide smart, cutting-edge research and data. Improving resilience is critical to Hampton’s future success, and the city is committed to doing so by treating water as an asset. This new way of thinking makes water something to work with, and not against. For example, the City should not think of water as a “backyard condition” to build away from, but as an amenity that can enhance aesthetics, property values, and quality of life. Clearly, there are economic opportunities in this way of thinking, as well. However, in order to improve resilience in the city, it is important to understand how water affects the City, and in what capacity. Assessment In Hampton, multiple forces of water affect the City. Those forces are: · Storm surge, wave action, and high water levels associated with storms and low pressure weather systems; · Tidal action, the fluctuation of water levels between low and high tide; · Stormwater, water generated from rain and storms that can be difficult to infiltrate due to impervious surfaces, and can lead to runoff; and, · Groundwater, the water that lies below the surface of ground, and which can impact the ability of the soil to infiltrate stormwater if the groundwater level is high. 4 LIVING WITH WATER HAMPTON Often, these forces are interacting with one another, creating a more complicated and intense water event. This can also make it difficult to determine the cause of the flooding, and thus harder to generate solutions. These concerns are further exacerbated by climate change and relative sea level rise. Hampton has documented numerous storms over its history, but data show more intense storms occurring more frequently than in the past: eight of the eleven highest storm surges from the last 80 years have occurred in the past twenty. Relative sea level rise, the combination of rising sea levels and subsidence, also greatly impacts Hampton Roads and Hampton. Sewell’s Point in Norfolk has documented one of the greatest changes in relative sea level in the world: 1.45 feet in the last 100 years. With an abundance of available information, it is important that Hampton determine a baseline to plan to going into the future. How We Move Forward In order to move Hampton forward in a resilient way, a set of guiding principles has been established to inform decision-making. · Create Value-Driven Solutions · Reinforce Assets · Layer Public Benefits · Strengthen Partnerships · Use Good Data · Share Knowledge and Resources These principles define how the City will become a resilient Hampton. It is an asset- and place-based approach that recognizes the importance of building on assets, making investments based on the unique places and values in Hampton, establishing good communication, receiving community input and good data, and investing in such a way that many benefits are achieved at once. Values Through a community-driven process, eight values were established that reflect Hampton: · Safe: Reducing risk during major events and creating safe, reliable systems. · Equitable: Prioritizing strategies that create benefits for all, and strengthening marginalized sectors of the community. · Natural: Repairing and protecting natural systems in order to sustain them for the future. · Heritage: Appreciating the history and culture of local communities and supporting it into the future. A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO ADDRESSING SEA LEVEL RISE AND RESILIENCY 5 · Integrated: Connecting systems in strategic ways to yield multiple benefits. · Sufficient: Leveraging public investment to support the local economy and jobs, and being fiscally responsible with city funds. · Nimble: Being able to adapt in the face of changing environments, improved data, and new best practices. · Innovative: Creating forward-thinking solutions. These values are further described in the document and are the basis of a new evaluation tool. This tool is one of the most important products of this phase. In order to be a successful, resilient community, Hampton must begin evaluating its choices in the context of its community values and guiding principles. This evaluation tool is unique to Hampton, and is designed to assist decision makers in understanding how closely a project or investment aligns with the city’s stated values. While this tool is not meant to decide whether or not a project should go forward, it can provide an important, clear analysis of the project in terms of resilience. In addition to the guiding principles and values, the City has developed nine 9 goals that further illustrate the final outcomes Hampton hopes to achieve with our resilience work. Place-Driven Analysis In order to achieve wide input and understand the difference needs and interests of various neighborhoods, the project team held a number of public workshops and stakeholder meetings. Stakeholders included officials from both local and state governments, non-profits, research and educational institutions, the business community, and regional partners. Hampton’s neighborhoods were divided into six different areas that share common characteristics and concerns related to water: Newmarket Creek, Harbor-facing, Southwest Branch Back River, Hampton River, Bay Facing, and Low-lying. For example, neighborhoods in the Bay Facing section are likely to experience more issues around large events such as hurricanes and impacts from shoreline erosion, while those neighborhoods in the Hampton River area (which includes Phoebus and Downtown) are more frequently impacted by stormwater runoff and backflow through existing infrastructure. Each study area has major topics to address, as well as recommended strategies to focus on. Broadly, proposed strategies for improving resilience fall into four categories: policy, education and communication, physical, and operations and maintenance. Some strategies apply widely across the city, such as enhanced education, and some are more applicable to specific locations. Each of these categories is explored in depth and suggested strategies are provided. Based on the feedback and analysis the project team took from the various meetings and workshops, several potential focus areas are recommended for Phase II. Each represents a specific type of issue that Hampton faces, and includes Newmarket Creek to Langley Air 6 LIVING WITH WATER HAMPTON Force Base, Downtown Hampton, Fox Hill and Riverdale, and Buckroe Beach and the boardwalk. Along with moving on to Phase II, there are a number of next steps the city needs to undertake: · Amend the Hampton Community Plan to reflect the work of this document and incorporate the recommendations. · Undertake a comprehensive effort to review and amend City codes and ordinances to support the goals and objectives adopted into the Hampton Community Plan from this document. · Refine the “evaluation tool” as necessary and institutionalize its use as an integral part of decision making for public projects. · Pursue changes to legal frameworks at the State level, if necessary. · Set “resiliency targets” for the community and establish a process to track and measure our progress. · Identify one or two geographic “focus areas” which will be the subject of the Phase II work. Phase II work will take a more detailed look at the identified geographic “focus areas” to apply what we have learned in Phase I. The goal for these areas will be development of a holistic set of strategies that can be implemented. · Continue to work with our partners so we continue to learn, share, innovate and advocate for regional progress on sea level rise and resiliency issues.
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