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CHAPTER –IV Results CHAPTER –IV Results The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the quality and health of soil samples collected from individual fields of every village of Nagapattinam district were analyzed for various physico-chemical properties, Available Macronutrients, Available nutrients on Organic manure Inorganic fertilizer fields and health of paddy plant obtained from Organic and Inorganic fields. The analytical results thus obtained are presented in this chapter. 4.0. Textural Analysis of the Soil Series of Nagapattinam District. The physical characteristics of Nagapattinam soil were analysed (Table. 5) soil series wise before analysing chemical properties. Some of the physical properties are given below. 4.0.1. Alathur (Alt) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain laterite depression of gently sloping land. Taxonomy: Fine loamy, calcareous, isohyperthermic, very deep vertic haplustalfs Typifying Pedan: Alathur-sandy clay loam and cultivated fallow Description: These are greyish brown, fine loamy, very deep, strongly calcareous, moderately alkaline. 4.0.2. Adhanur (Adn) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain - riverine flat land form. Taxonomy: Fine loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, deep vertic ustropepts.. Typifying Pedan: Adhanur - sandyclay loam - cultivated. 72 Brief Description: Adhanur series comprises of dark grey brown to dark yellowish brown, loamy textured soils derived from Cauvery alluvium. The soils are very deep, non-calcareous, having sand layer within 100 cm. 4.0.3. Kohur (Khr) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain-riverine land form. Taxonomy: Fine, montmorillonitic, isohyperthermic, very deep typic haplusterts. Typifying Pedan: Kohur-silty loam-cultivated. Brief Description: The Kohur soil series consists of very dark grey brown, very deep, slightly saline, alluvial soils. 4.0.4. Kalathur (Klt) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain - riverine land form (away from the river course) of deltaic plain. Taxonomy: Fine, calcareous, montmorillonitic, isohyperthermic, very deep typic haplusterts. Typifying Pedan: Kalathur-clay-cultivated. Brief Description: Kalathur series consists of very dark grey brown, very deep, calcareous, fine textured Cauvery river alluvium. 4.0.5. Kallivayal (Klv) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain-marine land form swamp and marshy lands. Taxonomy: Fine loamy, calcareous, mixed, isohyperthermic, very deep aquic haplustalfs. Typifying Pedan: Kallivayal-sandy loam-fallow. Brief Description: These are dark brown, very deep, fine loamy, calcareous, saline and mildly alkaline soils derived from the coastal alluvium. 73 4.0.6. Kondal (Knd) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain-riverine land form deltaic plain. Taxonomy: Fine, montmorillonitic, isohyperthermic, very deep typic haplusterts. Typifying Pedan: Kondal-clay-cultivated. Brief Description: Soils of this type comprises of dark brown, clayey, mildly alkaline soils derived from river alluvium occurring in a needy level land. 4.0.7. Kivalur (Kvr) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain-riverine land form - deltaic plain. Taxonomy: Fine, montmorillonitic, isohyperthermic, very deep typic haplusterts. Typifying Pedan: Kivalur - silty clay - cultivated. Brief Description: These consist of dark yellowish brown, very deep, heavy textured, slightly saline alluvial soils. 4.0.8. Melkadu (Mlk) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain, marine land form and sandy plain proximity to coast. Taxonomy: Sandy, calcareous, mixed, isohyperthermic, very deep aquic Udifluvents Typifying Pedan: Melkadu loamy sand fallow. Brief Description: These are dark brown, very deep, sandy, calcareous coastal alluvial soils. 4.0.9. Nedumbalam (Ndb) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain - low lands of laterite land form. Taxonomy: Fine, calcareous, mixed, isohyperthermic, very deep typic haplusterts Typifying Pedan: Nedumbalam - clay loam-cultivated. 74 Brief Description: They are grey brown, clayey, very deep, calcareous, saline alluvial soils laid over laterite land form. 4.0.10. Nagapattinam (Ngp) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain-riverine deltaic plain. Taxonomy: Fine, lmixed, isohyperthermic, very deep vertic Udifluvents. Typifying Pedan: Nagapattinam-clay-cultivated. Brief Description: This series consists of very dark grey brown to dark grey brown, very deep, heavy textured saline alluvial soils. 4.0.11. Padugai (Pdg) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain-almost flat lands of riverine land form. Taxonomy: Fine loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, very deep typic Ustifluvents. Typifying Pedan: Padugai-sandy clay loam-cultivated. Brief Description: Padugai series consists of brown, lvery deep, fine loamy, young soils lying near the rivers conspicuous by their stratified layers. 4.0.12. Sikar (Skr) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain-riverine land form-deltaic plain Taxonomy: Fine, Calcareous, montmorillonitic, lisohyperthermic, deep typic haplusterts. Typifying Pedan: Sikar-silty clay-cultivated. Brief Description: East coast plain-riverine land form, very dark greyish brown, fine textured, very deep, mildly calcareous alluvial soils with Manganese concretions. 75 4.0.13. Sethi (Sth) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain-marine land form sandy plain proximity to coast. Taxonomy: Coarse loamy, calcareous, mixed, isohyperthermic, very deep, typic Ustifluvents. Typifying Pedan: Sethi-sand-cultivated Brief Description: They include grey, saline and alkaline, very deep sandy soils distributed on very gently sloping land along coastal belt. 4.0.14. Thiruvengadu (Tvg) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain-riverine flat land. Taxonomy: Fine loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, deep vertic Ustropepts Typifying Pedan: Thiruvengadu-silty clay - fallow. Brief Description: The soils are very deep, dark yellowish brown, coastal alluvium overlaid by the deposition of Cauvery alluvium. 4.0.15. Valuthalagudi (Vld) Physiography: Tamilnadu east coast plain-marine land form sandy plain Taxonomy: Sandy, nonacidic, isohyperthermic, very deep typic Udic Psammants. Typifying Pedan: Valuthalagudi-sand-fallow Brief Description: These are dark brown, very deep sandy soils bordering the sea coast. 4.1. Chemical Properties The results of chemical properties of soils of Nagapattinam district obtained are represented here. 76 4.1.1. Soil Reaction (pH) The pH of the soil samples was analysed and compiled in table 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.1.4, 4.1.5, 4.1.6, 4.1.7 and 4.1.8. Table 4.1.1: Chemical Properties of soils of Kutthalam Taluk Soil Minimum Maximum Mean % of % of % of Nutrient Nutrient Properties samples Samples samples Index Index In Low in In High Class Medium pH 6.9 8.0 7.65 41.8 58.2 Nil - - EC (dSm- 0.30 0.70 0.58 18.2 81.8 Nil - - 1) OC (%) 0.20 0.26 0.23 100 Nil Nil 1 low OM (%) 0.34 0.45 0.39 100 Nil Nil 1 low Kutthalam Taluk: The pH of investigated soils (275 soil samples) varied from 6.9 to 8.0 with the mean value of 7.65. Nearly 41.8% soil samples are recorded in low category i. e. < 7.5 as critical limit given in table 3.4, and 58.2% samples had pH between 7.5 and 8.0 that is medium level compared with critical value 7.5 to 8.5 pH. None of the samples were recorded above pH 8.5 out of 275 samples (Table 4.1.1). The lowest pH value was observed (6.9 pH) from Konerirajapuram village and highest pH value 8.0 was noted from Senniyanullur, Manthai and Inam Senniyanullur Villages (Table 3.8). The very slightly acidic to slightly alkaline range is the medium to dissociate the nutrients like Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Calcium, Magnesium, Molybdenum and to grow for fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes. 77 Table 4.1.2: Chemical Properties of soils of Mayiladuthurai Taluk Soil Minimum Maximum Mean % of % of % of Nutrient Nutrient Properties samples Samples samples Index Index In Low in In High Class Medium pH 7.13 7.91 7.59 31.3 68.7 Nil - - EC (dSm- 0.06 0.79 0.47 52.2 47.8 Nil - - 1) OC (%) 0.14 0.49 0.29 83.58 16.42 Nil 1.16 Low OM (%) 0.24 0.84 0.57 100 Nil Nil 1 low Mayiladuthurai Taluk: The pH of these soils was analysed and ranged between 7.13 and 7.91 with an average value of 7.59. The low value (7.13 pH) was observed from Kaduvangudi village and the highest value (7.91 pH) was recorded from Thirvizhendur, Seruthiyur, Namachivayapuram villages (Table 3.8) (Table 4.1.2). Considering the soils having < 7.5 pH as low, 7.5 - 8.5 pH as medium and >8.5 pH as high in soil reaction status (table 3.4), the distribution of soil samples under these categories were 31.3 % low and 68.7% samples were in medium. In general pH of this taluk soils have normal soil reaction Table 4.1.3: Chemical Properties of soils of Kilvelur Taluk Soil Minimum Maximum Mean % of % of % of Nutrient Nutrient Properties samples Samples samples Index Index In Low in In High Class Medium pH 6.5 7.9 7.4 61.1 38.9 Nil - - EC (dSm- 0.18 0.6 0.41 87 13 Nil - - 1) OC (%) 0.29 0.57 0.39 53.70 46.30 Nil 1.46 low OM (%) 0.50 0.98 0.67 100 Nil Nil 1 low 78 Kilvelur Taluk soils were ranged between 6.5 and 7.9 with an average value of 7.4 the low value (6.5 pH) was observed from Radha Mangalam and Manalur village and the highest value (7.9 pH) was recorded from Thiru Poondi East, Satiya Kudi, Kohur and Killukudi villages (Table 3.8). The distribution of soil samples were categorised as 61.1 % low and 38.9% samples medium. In general pH of this taluk soils have normal and below normal soil reaction (Table 4.1.3). Table 4.1.4: Chemical Properties of soils of Vedaranyam Taluk Soil Minimum Maximum Mean % of % of % of Nutrient Nutrient Properties samples Samples samples Index Index In Low in In High Class Medium pH 7.32 8.24 7.82 14 86 Nil - - EC (dSm-1) 0.28 0.77 0.43 75.44 24.56 Nil - - OC (%) 0.21 0.37 0.28 100 Nil Nil 1 Low OM (%) 0.36 0.64 0.52 100 Nil Nil 1 Low The soil reaction of Vedaranyam taluk was investigated.
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