DOCSLIB.ORG

Dissenting Traditions in Nineteenth-Century Central Canada Communities Apart

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dissenting Traditions in Nineteenth-Century Central Canada Communities Apart DISSENTING TRADITIONS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY CENTRAL CANADA COMMUNITIES APART: DISSENTING TRADITIONS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY CENTRAL CANADA By LOUISE A MUSSIO, M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University o Copyright by Louise Mussio, September 2000 ii DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (2000) McMaster University (History) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Communities Apart: Dissenting Traditions in Nineteenth­ Century Central Canada AUTHOR Louise Mussio M.A. (McMaster UniverSIty) SUPERVISOR: Professor Michael Gauvreau NUMBER OF PAGES. 352 III Abstract "Communities Apart: Dissenting Traditions in Nineteenth-Century Central Canada" studies the relationship between five Dissenting Protestant groups - the Quakers, Children of Peace, Disciples of Christ, Millerites and the Holiness Movement Church - and several key political and social transfonnations in nineteenth-century central Canadian life. It challenges SD Clark's argument that Dissenting "sects" were otherworldly and apolitical, while at the same time revising the more modern Canadian historiographical trend to confine discussions of Protestantism's cultural impact to so-called "mainline" denominations. In the process, it discovers that Dissenting denominations were important participants in the societal dialogue regarding various aspects of central Canadian life. In the first half of the nineteenth century, the Dissenters considered in this thesis challenged the compact between Church and state which was entrenched in the Constitution of 1791, and presented alternatives to the culture of hierarchy and deference, rooted in a common core of democratic, Christian values. These included a strident anti­ formalism, in addition to a staunch defense of liberty of conscience, the priesthood of all believers and sola scriptura, or alternatively, a mystical sense of God's active direction in the life of the believer. As the links between church and state were dismantled, a new form of Dissent arose whose focus was more socio-economic than political. Indeed, within this thesis, "New Dissent" constituted a reaction to mainline Methodism's assumption of several of the cultural attributes of an established church in defense of a rising, and later consolidating middle class. Although the context had shifted, Dissenters of the new era continued to base their criticisms of the larger culture and of Methodist elites, in addition to their claims to superior spiritual and hence social authority on democratic Christian notions. Moreover, this thesis explores how IV certain Dissenting communities were guided by their religious beliefs and experiences to present alternatives to the gender ideologies espoused by the larger culture. It also demonstrates how "mainstream" cultural consensus was profoundly shaped in response to Dissenting alternatives from the 1840s to the 1890s. What emerges is a clearer understanding of the diverse and uniquely Canadian ways in which contentious political, social and religious questions were experienced, imagined and resolved. v Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada in generously funding this project. I would also like to thank a number of individuals who provided me with assistance, guidance and encouragement through what was both a rewarding and difficult process. In Toronto, Ruth Wilson and the staff at the United Church Archives catered to my every request and offered expert direction on several collections pertaining to Methodism and the Holiness Movement Church. At the Archives of Ontario, I benefited enonnously from Leon Warmski's encyclopedic knowledge of the province's archival holdings, his kindliness, and the eagerness with which he approached historical inquiry. I would also like to thank Jane Zavitz, archivist at Pickering College, Newmarket whose knowledge of Canadian Quakerism is unsurpassed and whose scholarly insight and hospitality I will always remember. In Montreal, Dorothy Clarke, archivist at Montreal Unitarian Church in addition to the staff of the bibliotheque nationale de Quebec helped me to make the most fruitful use of my time in that city. I also wish to thank several of my colleagues. At King's College, University ofWestem Ontario, Gerry Killan and Paul Webb helped to spark my first interest in History as an academic discipline, and continued to offer me both intellectual support and the gift of friendship as I pursued doctoral study. I am grateful to Jack Little who so generously allowed me the use of his private collection of Millerite documents, and to Ruth Frager, Harvey Levenstein and Wayne Thorpe who helped guide this project from start to finish. I would especially like to thank my advisor, Michael Gauvreau and his wife Nancy Christie, who acted as a kind of adjunct supervisor. Over the years, we had often joked that I bad received a "two-for-one" deal in VI choosing Michael as a doctoral advisor. I benefited greatly from their historical vision and commitment to this project, in addition to their personal generosity. It is a pleasure for me to thank Pam MacIsaac and Jennifer Read, colleagues who commented thoughtfully on the implications of my research, and dear friends who gave me the gifts of patience, understanding and irreverence. Chris Siosser, Daniela Vukobratic, Alexa Wing and Dawn Whitwell have been an exceptionally intelligent and supportive group of friends. I would also would like to thank my brother Laurence Mussio, fellow historian and purveyor ofboth carrot and stick: when his modeJ of discipline did not sustain me, his insight, care and outrageous sense of humour inevitably did. In addition, I offer my fond appreciation to my sister-in-law Flavia Mussio whose theological expertise helped to shed light on several facets of my thesis, and whose many acts of kindness I will never forget. Finally, it is an honour for me to thank my dear parents, Vittorina and Egidio Mussio to whom this thesis is dedicated. They have given me so much, and they have always beJieved in me. VII Table of Contents Descriptive Note 11 Abstract ill Acknowledgements v Table of Contents vii Introduction 1 Chapter I: Establishmentarianism and Dissenting Traditions, 1791-1854 20 Chapter n: Revisioning the Constitution: Central Canada and the Politics of Dissent, 1812-1854 81 Chapter III: Dissenting Perspectives on Faith, Family and Conununity, 1800-1860: The Society of Friends and the Children of Peace 134 Chapter IV: "Perilous Times and Latter Day Glory:" The Millerite "Heresy" And the Making of Canadian Liberalism 210 Chapter V: Aspects of Religious Populism: The Holiness Movement Church And the Crusade Against Consumerism, 1887-1916 280 Conclusion 320 Primary Sources 327 Bibliography 332 1 Introduction In recent years, several Canadian historians have investigated the links between Christian belief on the one hand, and politics, gender, culture and religious organization on the other. In the process, new theories have been put forth regarding a vast range of subjects, including the gendered nature of Upper Canadian religious and political ideologies, evangelicalism's response to Darwinism and the higher criticism, and the rise of a Protestant cultural consensus in mid-to-late nineteenth-century Ontario. 1 Although broad in scope, even the most comprehensive examples of the new historiography have focused on the largest Christian denominations. As a result, the impact of the many varieties of Protestant Dissent on Canadian life has remained largely unexplored. TIlls stands in stark contrast to American and British historians' extensive investigation of the significance of Dissent. 2 Furthermore, it has raised several questions about the dominant m)1hologies which have helped shape both scholarly and popular views of Canada's past. In the area ofreJigious history, SD Clark's seminal work, Church and Sect in C~ published in 1948, set the standard for future historians' attitudes toward the role of Dissent in Canada's past. Clark's argument rests on a rigid model of religious development that combines Ernest Troelsch's dichotomization of "church" and "sect" as pure organizational types with the "frontierism" of Frederick Jackson Turner. In the context of the decline of the American frontier, Turner had argued that the genius of American life and democracy was rooted in the frontier experience. His view was both positive and fearful: the frontier was the fount of all that was uniquely American; its decline was looked upon with a sense of foreboding for the future of the republic. In contrast, Clark's social conservatism influenced his attitude toward the role of the frontier in Canadian religious life. As the product of mature political, economic and social development, churches were characterized by an activist spirit and a desire to accommodate the 2 needs of the larger community. Conversely, sects were inevitably the product ofprirnitive, frontier conditions. Although ultimately doomed to extinction, or to becoming churches themselves once the frontier disappeared, sects impeded the progress of mature social and religious development by challenging the leadership of the larger, more "stable denominations.,,3 Clark has influenced the writing of Canadian religious and political history in several ways. First of all, Church and Sect's compelling arguments, and magnificent range had for several years dissuaded historians from re-examining its Dissenting
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Edward Irving
    Edward Irving: Romantic Theology in Crisis Peter Elliott Edward Irving: Romantic theology in crisis Peter Elliott BA, BD, MTh(Hons.) This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology of Murdoch University 2010 I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. …………………… Peter Elliott Abstract In 1822 a young Church of Scotland minister named Edward Irving accepted a post in London and quickly attracted wide upper-class support. He numbered amongst his friends and admirers the political historian Thomas Carlyle and the Romantic poet-philosopher Samuel Taylor Coleridge. During the next decade, Irving developed views and practices that could be described as millenarian and proto- pentecostal; his interest in prophecy grew and his Christology became unorthodox. He was ejected from his church and hundreds followed him to begin a new group. Within a short period of time, he was relegated to a subordinate position within this group, which later became the Catholic Apostolic Church. He died in 1834 at the age of 42. This paper examines Irving’s underlying Romanticism and the influences on him, including his complex relationships with Carlyle and Coleridge, and then demonstrates how his Romanticism informed all of his key theological positions, often in tension with the more established Rationalism of the time. In ejecting Irving from his pastorate, the Church of Scotland officials were rejecting his idealistic and Romantic view of Christianity. It was this same idealism, with reference to the charismata, that alienated Irving from a senior role in the nascent Catholic Apostolic Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Index by Subject
    - 155 - Russell, Peter Cruikshank: The Early life and letters of the Honourable Peter Russell, XXIX, 121. Cruikshank and Hunter (ed.): The Correspondence ~ the Honourable Peter Russell, with allied documents relating to his administration of the government of Upper Canada during the o~ficial term of Lieutenant-Governor J.G. Simcoe, while on leave of absence, 3 v. Toronto: Ontario Historical Society, 1932-36. Firth: The Administration of Peter Russell, 1796-1799, XLVIII, 163. Hunter: The Probated wills of men prominent in the public affairs of Upper Canada, XXIII, 328. Ryerse, Captain Samuel Ryerse: Port Ryerse; its harbour and former trade, XX, 145. Tasker: The United Empire Loyalist settlement at Long Point, Lake Erie, II, 9. Ryerson, Egerton Hathaway: Early schools of Toronto, XXIII, 312. Hathaway: The River Credit and the Mississaugas, XXVI, 432. McGregor: Egerton Ryerson, Albert Carman, and the founding of Albert College, Belleville, LXIII, 205. Onn: Egerton Ryerson's philosophy of education, something borrowed or something new?, LXI, 77. Ryerson, George Sissons (ed.): George pyeraon to Sir Peregrine Maitland, 9 June, 1826, XLIV, 23. Ryerson, Col. Joseph Locke: The Loyalists in Ontario, XXX, 181. Tasker: The United Empire Loyalist settlement at Long Point, Lake Erie, II, 9. S St. Catharines Clark: The Ml'.nicipal loan fund in Upper Canada, XVIII, 44. St. Davids, Niagara County Ruley: Along the Four Mile Creek, XLVIII, Ill. Saint Domingo Cruikshank: Simcoe's mission to Saint Domingo, XXV, 78. St. Ives, Middlesex County Jury: St. Ives, XLI, 133. Saint Joseph Island, Lake Huron Hamil: An Early settlement on St. Joseph Island, LIII, 251.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emergence of a Catholic Identity and the Need For
    THE EMERGENCE OF A CATHOLIC IDENTITY AND THE NEED FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL PROVISION IN NINETEENTH CENTURY BRIGHTON SANDY KENNEDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION DECEMBER 2013 MY DECLARATION PLUS WORD COUNT I hereby declare that, except where explicit attribution is made, the work presented in this thesis is entirely my own. Word Count: 84,109 ABSTRACT The 1829 Act of Emancipation was designed to return to Catholics the full rights of citizenship which had been denied them for over two hundred years. In practice, Protestant mistrust and Establishment fears of a revival of popery continued unabated. Yet thirty years earlier, in Regency Brighton, the Catholic community although small seemed to have enjoyed an unprecedented degree of tolerance and acceptance. This thesis questions this apparent anomaly and asks whether in the century that followed, Catholics managed to unite across class and nationality divides and establish their own identity, or if they too were subsumed into the culture of the time, subject to the strict social and hierarchical ethos of the Victorian age. It explores the inevitable tension between 'principle' and 'pragmatism' in a town so heavily dependent upon preserving an image of relaxed and welcoming populism. This is a study of the changing demography of Brighton as the Catholic population expanded and schools and churches were built to meet their needs, mirroring the situation in the country as a whole. It explains the responsibilities of Catholics to themselves and to the wider community. It offers an in-depth analysis of educational provision in terms of the structure, administration and curriculum in the schools, as provided both by the growing number of religious orders and lay teachers engaged in the care and education of both the wealthy and the poor.
    [Show full text]
  • Private Bankers in Ontario Hayseed Capitalists: Private Bankers in Ontario
    HAYSEED CAPITALISTS: PRIVATE BANKERS IN ONTARIO HAYSEED CAPITALISTS: PRIVATE BANKERS IN ONTARIO by STEPHEN EDWARD mORNING, B.A., M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University August, 1994 -- -- --- - --------------- DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (1994) McMASTER UNIVERSITY (History) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Hayseed Capitalists: Private Bankers in Ontario AUTHOR: Stephen Edward Thorning, B.A. (University of Guelph) M.A. (McMaster University) SUPERVJSOR: Professor John C. Weaver NUMBER OF PAGES: viii, 502 ii ABSTRACT The structure of the Canadian banking system, and the establishment of strong chartered banks at a relatively early stage, have overshadowed banking institutions that operated outside the chartered system. The non-chartered or private banks can be categorized into three groups: the joint stock banks of the 1830s, the urban private bankers who appeared in the 1850s and after, and the small-town private banks of the post-1868 period. AJI three types of private banks were established to fill perceived niches in the chartered bank system. Those of the 1830s possessed an anti-establishment, hinterland bias. The urban private bankers specialized in savings and foreign exchange transactions, and often branched out into insurance, debentures, and ultimately stocks and bonds. The small town private banks began and prospered when the needs of small hinterland communities outpaced the inclination and ability of chartered banks to provide them with banking facilities. Unlike the urban private bankers, those in small towns offered a full range of banking services, and they often acted as insurance and real estate agencies as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial of Elenor Hughes 1825
    Memorial of Elenor Hughes 1825 Archives: Box 24 This Memorial is held by the Canadian Quaker Archives and Library in Newmarket, Ontario in Box 24. Sam Hughes came to Yonge Street from Pennsylvania with his parents Job Hughes and Elinor or Elenor Lee. This memorial is written by Samuel Hughes in honour of his mother. His sisters Amy (1887 – 1863) and Abigail (1780 - ?) married brothers Stephen Bowerman (1773 – 1857) and Judah Bowerman (1779 – 1868) respectively and settled in Bloomfield, Prince Edward County. All were Quakers. The Marion Cronk Fonds has several Hughes items including two journals by Sam Hughes. The finding aid for the fonds is available here on the web site of the Canadian Yearly Meeting Archives. See section 1-9 for the Hughes items. The transcription was coordinated by Jane Zavitz Bond, archivist for Canada Yearly Meeting, and fully transcribed by Sheila Havard with minor formatting changes for posting by Randy Saylor. The text was transcribed as written. Transcriber notes are in square brackets. The memoir has not been proof read. This transcription is made freely available and supports search, cut and paste. CFHA will officially grant linking privileges to organizations that support this free access. CFHA wishes to express its gratitude to those who worked on this project. Researchers are requested to cite the transcription when incorporating passages excerpted from this transcription. Please note that CFHA welcomes written comment, submissions and research related to the Canadian Quaker experience and legacy for publication consideration in The Meetinghouse newsletter or the Canadian Quaker History Journal. Please contact [email protected] for additional details and see also the submission guidelines provided on the CFHA website.
    [Show full text]
  • York Region Heritage Directory Resources and Contacts 2011 Edition
    York Region Heritage Directory Resources and Contacts 2011 edition The Regional Municipality of York 17250 Yonge Street Newmarket, ON L3Y 6Z1 Tel: (905)830-4444 Fax: (905)895-3031 Internet: http://www.york.ca Disclaimer This directory was compiled using information provided by the contacted organization, and is provided for reference and convenience. The Region makes no guarantees or warranties as to the accuracy of the information. Additions and Corrections If you would like to correct or add information to future editions of this document, please contact the Supervisor, Corporate Records & Information, Office of the Regional Clerk, Regional Municipality of York or by phone at (905)830-4444 or toll- free 1-877-464-9675. A great debt of thanks is owed for this edition to Lindsay Moffatt, Research Assistant. 2 Table of Contents Page No. RESOURCES BY TYPE Archives ……………………………………………………………..… 5 Historical/Heritage Societies ……………………………… 10 Libraries ……………………………………………………………… 17 Museums ………………………………………………………………21 RESOURCES BY LOCATION Aurora …………………………………………………………………. 26 East Gwillimbury ………………………………………………… 28 Georgina …………………………………………………………….. 30 King …………………………………………………………………….. 31 Markham …………………………………………………………….. 34 Newmarket …………………………………………………………. 37 Richmond Hill ……………………………………………………… 40 Vaughan …………………………………………………………….. 42 Whitchurch-Stouffville ……………………………………….. 46 PIONEER CEMETERIES ………..…………..………………….. 47 Listed alphabetically by Local Municipality. RESOURCES OUTSIDE YORK REGION …………….…… 62 HELPFUL WEBSITES ……………………………………………… 64 INDEX…………………………………………………………………….. 66 3 4 ARCHIVES Canadian Quaker Archives at Pickering College Website: http://www.pickeringcollege.on.ca Email: [email protected] Phone: 905-895-1700 Address: 16945 Bayview Ave., Newmarket, ON, L3Y 4X2 Description: The Canadian Quaker Archives of the Canadian Yearly Meetings of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) is housed at Pickering College in Newmarket. The records of Friends’ Monthly and Yearly Meetings in Canada are housed here.
    [Show full text]
  • Healey's "From Quaker to Upper Canadian: Faith and Community Among Yonge Street Friends" - Book Review Thomas D
    Quaker Studies Volume 12 | Issue 2 Article 10 2008 Healey's "From Quaker to Upper Canadian: Faith and Community among Yonge Street Friends" - Book Review Thomas D. Hamm Earlham College Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/quakerstudies Part of the Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, and the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Hamm, Thomas D. (2008) "Healey's "From Quaker to Upper Canadian: Faith and Community among Yonge Street Friends" - Book Review," Quaker Studies: Vol. 12: Iss. 2, Article 10. Available at: http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/quakerstudies/vol12/iss2/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quaker Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BOOK REVIEWS 269 HEALEY, Robynne Rogers, From Quaker to Upper Canadian: Faith and Community among Yonge Street Friends, 1801-1850 (Montreal and Kingston: MeGill-Queen's University Press, 2006), pp. xxvi + 292, including maps, charts, tables and illustra­ tions. ISBN 9-78077-35313-69, Hardback, $75, £56. Robynne Rogers Healey has written one of the most useful and important studies of the evolution of a Quaker community ever published. Several historians, myself included, have ventured broad overviews of how and why Quakerism changed in the nineteenth century. But now we have a careful, incisive analysis of those changes at the local level. Healey's subject is Yonge Street Monthly Meeting in Ontario. Shortly after 1800, Friends from Vermont and Pennsylvania took advantage of generous land grants to settle north of what would become Toronto.
    [Show full text]
  • Obstacles and Opportunities: Labour Emigration to the 'British World' In
    Obstacles and Opportunities: Labour Emigration to the ‘British World’ in the Nineteenth Century In the century after the Napoleonic Wars ended it is estimated that between 44 and 52 million people from Europe emigrated overseas.1 Of that number, about 10 million came from Britain and 6 million from Ireland, and their destinations were primarily the United States, followed by the settler colonies of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.2 They came from all walks of life, and followed a wide variety of occupations. Concerns surrounding their employment, including recruitment strategies, wages, and working conditions, clearly preoccupied emigrants who went to the so-called British world, as well as to Europe, and it is on a selection of such globe-trotting settlers and sojourners that this essay is focused. The first part of the study analyses the historiography of labour migration from Victorian Britain. As well as highlighting different interpretations, it considers whether the existing literature adequately depicts the attitudes of trade unions, employers and governments towards overseas relocation as a strategy for relieving unemployment and poverty. Was it a vehicle for defusing, exporting or igniting radicalism? Did perceptions, policies and practices remain static or evolve during the nineteenth century, and what determined continuities and changes? The spotlight then shifts to a handful of empirical studies, in which primary sources are deployed to illustrate and humanise the theoretical issues raised in the evaluation of the secondary literature. While the examples cannot reflect the full character of labour migration, they have been selected from different locations, occupations and periods, and constitute the main part of the paper.
    [Show full text]
  • A Different Drummer: the Birth of a Province
    A different drummer: the birth of a province The John Beckwith-James Reaney operatic collaboration with the rousing title Taptoo! raises many issues both in itself and in connection with the whole vexed question of Canadian-American relations. It raises many issues without attempting to provide solutions. This refusal to supply a neat answer I take to be the opera’s greatest strength. Its open-endedness leaves the audience with the challenge, the obligation to engage more meaningfully, because more imaginatively, with the question of national survival. In an effort to grapple with some of the work’s implications, as I perceive them, I have divided this paper into a number of sections dealing respectively with the genesis and performance history of the opera, a consideration of its themes, a discussion of the biblical and mythological subtexts, and the continuing relevance of the concerns raised throughout. 1. Taptoo! was conceived in a somewhat unusual fashion as a “pre-sequel” or “prequel” to the Harry Somers-James Reaney opera Serinette, first performed in 1990 at the Sharon Temple, north of Torontoi. A few words about that opera would therefore prove helpful. Serinette covers a period in the development of Toronto and surroundings from the end of the War of 1812 to the 1830s, a turbulent era in Upper Canada. The opera presents for the most part real-life figures from that period. For example, David Willson, an American expatriate, who separated from a Quaker group in Toronto to found his own Children of Peace, and to build their place of worship, the wonderful Sharon Temple, a place of light and music.
    [Show full text]
  • David Willson's "Impressions of the Mind" and "Letters to the Jews"
    DAVID WILLSON'S "IMPRESSIONS OF THE MIND" AND "LETTERS TO THE JEWS" Thomas M. F. Gerry Love hath no beginning nor ever will have an end. Love is the revealed will of God, and the saviour of nations. Love is the con- quering sword of God, the peace-maker of the world, the blessed of God. She bears his own image, and is forever. She ariseth in the east as the light of day. She is the bride of man, and the bride- groom of the soul. She binds together, and none can part those whom she hath joined together. She hath connected limb to limb, and joint to joint, since ever her name was known to the human mind. She is ever in the presence of God. She conceals her mind from those that disbelieve her name, till sorrow shall enable them to embrace her hand with a smile. She is the queen of the Deity ; as male and female, she is one with God.1 RLEADIN, G THESE WORDS of David Willson's, written and published in Upper Canada in 1835, one may be surprised, and perhaps mysti- fied, but certainly one must acknowledge the presence of an intriguingly unique voice from a Canadian pioneer settlement. Willson was a prolific writer of religious prose, poems, and hymns, whose works create a new dimension in our understand- ing of the early life and literature of Canada. Overshadowed in history by his friends William Lyon Mackenzie and Robert Baldwin, and actively ignored, even scorned, by church and state officers since John Strachan, Egerton Ryerson, and Stephen Grellet, Willson's endeavours, including the lovely Temple of Peace at Sharon, Ontario, and his musical achievements, are beginning to receive their rightful recognition.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation Final Draft
    Copyright © 2012 John Jin Gill All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. THE EVANGELICALISM OF ALEXANDER CARSON A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by John Jin Gill May 2012 APPROVAL SHEET THE EVANGELICALISM OF ALEXANDER CARSON John Jin Gill Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Michael A. G. Haykin (Chair) __________________________________________ David L. Puckett __________________________________________ Thomas J. Nettles Date______________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . vi PREFACE . vii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Carson’s Gospel-centered Evangelicalism . 1 The Life of Alexander Carson . 8 2. ALEXANDER CARSON ON THE BIBLE . 36 Context of the Apocrypha Controversy . 37 Carson’s Doctrine of Plenary Verbal Inspiration . 42 Defense of Plenary Inspiration . 42 The nature and extent of inspiration can only be learned from Scripture . 43 Carson’s rejection of novel criteria for distinguishing between inspired and uninspired biblical texts . 49 Defense of Plenary Verbal Inspiration . 58 The manner and matter of Scripture . 61 Degrees of inspiration . 64 Principle of necessity . 67 Variant readings of Scripture not contradictory to plenary verbal . 69 iii Chapter Page Carson’s Views on Bible Translation . 71 Controversy over Ali Bey’s Turkish New Testament . 71 Controversy the British and Foreign Bible Society over the Translation of βαπτίζω . 81 Carson on the Divine Preservation of the Bible . 88 Conclusion . 94 3. ALEXANDER CARSON ON THE CROSS .
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to the Sharon Temple National Historic Site, to the Children of Peace Who Made It, and to Their Place in the History of Canada Before Canada
    Document generated on 09/30/2021 6:19 p.m. Ontario History 4Square: An introduction to the Sharon Temple National Historic Site, to the Children of Peace who made it, and to their place in the history of Canada before Canada. By Mark Fram and Albert Schrauwers Marcus R. Létourneau Volume 98, Number 1, Spring 2006 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1065846ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1065846ar See table of contents Publisher(s) The Ontario Historical Society ISSN 0030-2953 (print) 2371-4654 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this review Létourneau, M. R. (2006). Review of [4Square: An introduction to the Sharon Temple National Historic Site, to the Children of Peace who made it, and to their place in the history of Canada before Canada. By Mark Fram and Albert Schrauwers]. Ontario History, 98(1), 122–124. https://doi.org/10.7202/1065846ar Copyright © The Ontario Historical Society, 2006 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ 122 ONTARIO HISTORY personal way of the quality and richness his past and his profound dismay at its of his own antecedents. A thoroughly an- loss should be considered the most admi- glicized Franco-American, he was born in rable and essential contribution of these Pittsfield, Massachusetts.
    [Show full text]