DOCSLIB.ORG

The Hurricane Season of 1959 Gordon E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Hurricane Season of 1959 Gordon E DECEMBER1959 MONTHLY TT'EATHEB REVIEW 441 THE HURRICANE SEASON OF 1959 GORDON E. DUNN ANDSTAFF Weather Bureau Office, Miami, Fla. 1. GENERAL SUMMARY somewhat rare; there have been seven t'ropicalcyclones in May since 1932. Eleven tropical cyclones were noted in Atlantic waters Tropical cyclone activity continued at a,n above normal during the hurricane season of 1959 (fig. 1). This number rate during June and Julywit'h two st,orms in eachmonth; compares with an annual average of ten during the past, one of only stormintensitv, two barely of hurricane 20-25 years.Since there is considerable doubtwhether strengt,h, and one (Debra) of somewhat more than mini- one storm-Edith-fully met all the crit,eria of a tropical malhurricane intensity. The 700-mb. circulationin cyclone, the 1959 season may be regarded as about normal. June, [a] was characterized by above normal heights from Except for hurricanes Gracie and Hannah in late Septrm- the extreme southeastern Pacific across California to the ber and early October, average intensity was unusually western Great Lakes region, with below normal heights weak.However, seven of the eleven stormsdid reach off t'he United States Atlantic coastacross southern Florida hurricane intensity at one time or another during their int>o the southernGulf and northwestern Caribbean. As a history. result there was deeper than normal easterly flow in the The season started early wit,h the first tropical storm Gulf of Mexico andnortllwest,ern Caribbean. However, developing on May 28. Activitycontinued high during the resemblancebetween the June 1959 circulation and Juneand July. There was an unusual lack of act'ivity that described by Ballenzweig [3] as favorable for Gulf in the tropical Atlantic during August and early Septemberof Mexico tropical cyclorle development is at best only fair. untilFlora began to develop on September 9. Most of In July a posit,ive mean 700-mb. height anomaly was t,he tropical cyclone development was confined to the Gulf cent)eredover t,he nort,hen,sternUnited States and the of Mexico and the western Atlantic and only one storm Canadian MaritimeProvinces. With negative anomalies originally attained hurricane int'ensity east of longitude ext'endingfrom the Gulf of Mexico eastwardover the 50" W. subtropical Atlantic [4], this resulted in an above normal Three t1urricanes"two barely of hurricane intensity- easterly flow north of, t8he axis of t'he negative anomaly. and four tropical c?;clones of only storm intensity reached But againresemblance to t'he departurefrom normal t,hecoastline of t'he UnitedSt'ates. Damage in the described by Ballenzweig as favorable t'o tropical storm United States from these storms totaled about$23jh million formation is onl- fair. with 24 fatalities, 22 resultingfrom Gracie, t,he only Tropical cyclone act,ivit>-in August was negligible. At majorhurricane to reach the United St'ates mainland. 700 mb., positiveheight anomalies extended from the Except for the 33 deat,hs and extensive damage in n'ova Great Lakes regionacross t'he northernAtlantic to the Scotiain connection withthe hurricane of June 17-21, Baltic Sea with a strong negative anomalJ- centered about there wereno otherknown deaths or evensignificant 30' N., 50' W.and with a, weaker departure over Cuba [5]. damage in North and CentralAmerica outside the United Thus east,erlies (westerlies) shouldhave been stronger States fromtropical cyclones. Damageand fat'alit,?; statisticsare shown in table 1. Thedamage statistics are estimates and arenecessarily approximate. TABLEl.-Fatality anddamage statistics, North Atlantic hurricane The May circu1at)ionpattern [l] included a mean ridge season 1959 over the eastern United States, averaging as much as 150 feetabove normal at, 700. mb.During the period May Deaths Deaths Storm Principal area affected in outside Damage 28-June I, the maximum positive height' anomaly over the United United States States northeasternUnited States was 320 feet,with height " deficit,s southeast of Bermudaand in the western Gulf .&rlene.. .. Louisiana". .. .~. .. ~-. .. ~. ~ ~. unnamed.. ~... Nova Scotia.-.. .. .~ ~.. .~ ~.- .~~. of Mexico. This resulted in above normal easterly winds Southern Florida-".... ~~ ....~.. Cindy." ......~. S. Carolina ...--........ ~ ........ which is considered favorable for above normal tropical Debra .____...~..-Texas- .~.... ~ ....~ ....~ .....~... Gracie- .~...~...- S. Carolina, Georgia. Virginia ... cyclone 'activity. One storm developed inthe central Irene ..".~. .. .- Extreme northwestern Florida.. Judith- ......_.._Southern Florida ... ...-- -...---- and western Gulf of Mexico on May 28. A tropical de- - Total Le.-.-.................................. velopment this early in the season in the Altantic area is Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/04/21 11:37 AM UTC 442 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW DECEMBER1959 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/04/21 11:37 AM UTC DECEMBER19'59 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 443 (weaker) t<han normal between latit'udes 25'-30' N. and and Georgia. This wast,he earliest storm of record to 45'-50' N. However, the displacement of these anomalies cross the Louisiana coast. was so far to the north that. weakened westerlies were the Highest winds report,ed in the storm were 48 kt. with principal result, but the east'erlies were also weaker t'han gust'sto 65 kt.on the Louisiana coast. Lowest central usual. The Augustcirculation appeared to approximate pressure reported was 999.7 mb. at Patterson, La. Several more closely the Ballenzweig [3] "favorable" thanthe shipsand Navy reconnaissance aircraft also reported a '(unfavorable" type. In t'he middle and upper troposphere central pressure of around 1,000 mb. while the storm was a trough persisted in t'he middle At'lantic during much of over the Gulf of Mexico. Highest tides were 3 feet above the month and temperatures at these levels over t'he area normal at Weeks Island and Pt. Au Fer, La. One man of normal tropical cyclone development were apparently was drowned in the surf at Galveston. colder than normal. Thestorm produced locally heavyrains over the In September, 700-mb. heights continued below normal southeasternportions of Louisianaand Mississippi. over the subtropical portion of the western Atlantic and Riloisant InternationalAirport (New Orleans)received abovenormal over the northeastern United States and 11.09inches in 24 hoursand Houma, La., 11.35 inches CanadianMaritime Provinces, resulting in a return to from 0700 CST May 30 to 1030 CST May 31 and 13.13 above normal east'erly flow over the southern portion of inclle,s in three days. Heavy rains associated wit,h Arlene the North At'lantic Ocean. Hurricane activity in Septem- fell fromsoutheastern Louisiana to northern Georgia berwas normal or slightly higher. The troughin the result,ing in some crop damage and serious flooding along middle Atlantic continued at high latitudes but' did not some small streams; however, other propertydamage was extend as far south as in August. slight. Totaldamage was estimated at approximately $500,000. Beulah. June 15-18."Tropical Storm Beulah was first 2. INDIVIDUALTROPICAL CYCLONES detectedduring the night of June 15-16 when the SS Hondo reported a 50-kt. northeasterly wind with heavy Arlene, May 28-June 2.-Tropical storm Arlene orig- rain and high seas near 23O N., 96O W. The storm was inated in an easterly wave which was fairly well defined short lived asit drifted northwestward on the16th, with a northeast-southwest orientation over the Domin- westward during the 17th, and turned southward moving icanRepublic as early as May 23.Shower activity inland over Mexico south of Tampico on the 18th. indicating low stability wasevident over a wide area Highestwinds were est'imated by reconnaissanceair- including most of the Caribbean Sea and the Bahamas. craft at 61 kt.with lowe'stpressure 987 mb.This is At 0700 EST on the 25th, a weak cyclonic flow appeared consistent with Fletcher's formula [6] for maximum wind at 500 mb. over the northwestern Caribbean, but there based on minimum pressure. The stormweakened rapidly was no evidence of any concentrated bad weather. About on turning southward late on the 17th, and winds were this t'ime a slow but definite increase in pressure gradient generally less than 30 kt. as it moved inland. No reports began north of western Cuba, leaving an extensive area of damagehave beenreceived from Mexico; it was of relatively slight gradient over the west'ern Caribbean probably minor. Sea. This trend in the pressure pattern continued until The synopticsituat'ion contributing to the formation wind warnings were required for small craft on both coasts and dissipation of Beulah was rather complex.Pressure of Florida on May 27. The 500-mb. T~ow,had moved first began to fall over the western Gulf on June 13 with into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico on May 27 and on t,he movementof a weak cold front into the northernGulf. the 0700 EST surface chart of May 28 a ship report'cd a A rather strong anticyclone centeredover the Great Lakes light southwest wind at 22.5' N., 88.5' W., providing the contributed to a marked increase in the easterlyflow over first indication that the closed circulation had extended the northern Gulf. This High broke down rapidly on the down to the surface. 15th and 16th wit'h the approach of an active short wave Ship reports during theevening of May 28 confirmed the from the Plains States, probably one of the factors that development of tropicalstorm Arlene and the New prevented Beulah from becoming a well developed storm. Orleans Weather Bureau office at 2100 CST issued the first At the 500-mb level, a very deep Low was located overthe tropicalstorm advisory of the 1959 season. Thestorm New England States throughout this periodwith short center moved northwestward for about 12 hours from its waves"digging" sout'heastwardinto the Mid-Atlantic initial position near 26' N., 88' W. Thereafter it moved States. In theupper troposphere, conditions became westward for 12 hours, became stationary at 28' N., 92O favorablefor development in the western Gulf aftera W.during the night of May 29-30, andthen moved weak trough at 200 mb.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BERNAL-THESIS-2020.Pdf (5.477Mb)
    BROWNWOOD: BAYTOWN’S MOST HISTORIC NEIGHBORHOOD by Laura Bernal A thesis submitted to the History Department, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Chair of Committee: Dr. Monica Perales Committee Member: Dr. Mark Goldberg Committee Member: Dr. Kristin Wintersteen University of Houston May 2020 Copyright 2020, Laura Bernal “A land without ruins is a land without memories – a land without memories is a land without history.” -Father Abram Joseph Ryan, “A Land Without Ruins” iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, and foremost, I want to thank God for guiding me on this journey. Thank you to my family for their unwavering support, especially to my parents and sisters. Thank you for listening to me every time I needed to work out an idea and for staying up late with me as I worked on this project. More importantly, thank you for accompanying me to the Baytown Nature Center hoping to find more house foundations. I am very grateful to the professors who helped me. Dr. Monica Perales, my advisor, thank you for your patience and your guidance as I worked on this project. Thank you to my defense committee, Dr. Kristin Wintersteen and Dr. Goldberg. Your advice helped make this my best work. Additionally, I would like to thank Dr. Debbie Harwell, who encouraged me to pursue this project, even when I doubted it its impact. Thank you to the friends and co-workers who listened to my opinions and encouraged me to not give up. Lastly, I would like to thank the people I interviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • City of League City
    CITY OF DICKINSON MITIGATION PLAN CITY OF DICKINSON 07/2017 City of Dickinson Office of Emergency Management 4000 Liggio St Dickinson TX 775393 281-337-4700 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 1 Authority .....................................................................................................................................1-2 Purpose and Need ........................................................................................................................... 2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Section I The Planning Process ....................................................................................................... 3 Overview of the Plan Update ........................................................................................................3-4 Mitigation Planning Committee (MPC) ............................................................................................4-5 Public Participation .......................................................................................................................... 6 Announcement of Hazard Mitigation Survey ...................................................................................... 7 Hazard Mitigation Survey Form ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 0604830570Whartonfloodmitiga
    March 28, 2008 AVO 22650 Texas Water Development Board P.O. Box 13231 Austin, Texas 78711-3231 Attention: Mr. Gilbert R. Ward, CPG, Hydrologist RE: Wharton County, Texas Flood Mitigation Plan Dear Mr. Ward: On behalf of Wharton County and the cities of East Bernard, El Campo and Wharton and the Wharton County Flood Mitigation Planning Committee, Halff Associates, Inc. is submitting five (5) copies and one (1) CD of the Wharton County Flood Mitigation Plan that has been formally adopted by Wharton County Commissioners Court and the City Councils of East Bernard, El Campo and Wharton. Building on the planning efforts funded by TWDB, Wharton County and participating communities have initiated several of the flood mitigation actions identified in the enclosed Flood Mitigation Plan: • Wharton County, the City of El Campo and LCRA have installed additional Elevation Reference Marks (ERM’s) in developing areas in Wharton County where no FEMA or NGS marks are located. • With TWDB Flood Protection Planning Grant funding, Wharton County has initiated the county-wide Drainage Master Plan and the San Bernard River Watershed Study. • The City of El Campo has initiated a Drainage Study to compliment the Wharton County Drainage Master Plan. • Wharton County and Matagorda County have begun a coordinated effort to address drainage problems on watersheds shared by the two counties. • The TCRFC has initiated planning efforts for the 5-year update of the TCRFC all-hazards Mitigation Plan that includes Wharton County. The Wharton County Flood Mitigation Actions identified in the attached Plan will be incorporated into the TCRFC all-hazards Mitigation Plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Hurricane History
    Texas Hurricane History David Roth National Weather Service Camp Springs, MD Table of Contents Preface 3 Climatology of Texas Tropical Cyclones 4 List of Texas Hurricanes 8 Tropical Cyclone Records in Texas 11 Hurricanes of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 12 Hurricanes of the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 13 Hurricanes of the Late Nineteenth Century 16 The First Indianola Hurricane - 1875 19 Last Indianola Hurricane (1886)- The Storm That Doomed Texas’ Major Port 22 The Great Galveston Hurricane (1900) 27 Hurricanes of the Early Twentieth Century 29 Corpus Christi’s Devastating Hurricane (1919) 35 San Antonio’s Great Flood – 1921 37 Hurricanes of the Late Twentieth Century 45 Hurricanes of the Early Twenty-First Century 65 Acknowledgments 71 Bibliography 72 Preface Every year, about one hundred tropical disturbances roam the open Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. About fifteen of these become tropical depressions, areas of low pressure with closed wind patterns. Of the fifteen, ten become tropical storms, and six become hurricanes. Every five years, one of the hurricanes will become reach category five status, normally in the western Atlantic or western Caribbean. About every fifty years, one of these extremely intense hurricanes will strike the United States, with disastrous consequences. Texas has seen its share of hurricane activity over the many years it has been inhabited. Nearly five hundred years ago, unlucky Spanish explorers learned firsthand what storms along the coast of the Lone Star State were capable of. Despite these setbacks, Spaniards set down roots across Mexico and Texas and started colonies. Galleons filled with gold and other treasures sank to the bottom of the Gulf, off such locations as Padre and Galveston Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hurricane-Tornado
    July 1965 John S. Smith 453 THEHURRICANE-TORNADO JOHN S. SMITH Weather Bureau Forecast Center, Chicago, 111. ABSTRACT Climatological data in recent years have become sufficient for the further study of tornadoes which occur in hurricane systems. Several characteristics of the hurricane tornado are determined from data for an 8-yr. period by plotting the center positions of each hurricane and its associated tornadoes. The data show: (1) a comparison betweenhurricane and non-hurricane tornadoes; (2) a “Significant Sector” fortornado-genesis; (3) a “Preferred Quadrant” of the hurricane for tornado-genesis; (4) the mostfavorable time of dayfor tornado occurrence; (5) tornado frequencies with,respect to various speeds and distances of the hurricane on and off shore; (6) a tenative hurricane model. 1. INTRODUCTION the “Preferred Quadrant.” Other significant patterns are established from the relationship of the tornado to the Although considerable research has been done on the hurricane. forecasting problemspresented byboth tornadoes and hurricanes, relatively little investigation has been made 2. GENERALCLIMATOLOGY intothe forecasting problems of tornadoesassociated with hurricanes. In this study of the hurricane-tornado Of 15 hurricanes that entered the United States from problem,a climatological analysishas been made by the Gulf of Mexico andthrough the Atlantic Coastal plottingthe center position of eachhurricane and its States, 11 produced tornadoes. Atotal of 98 tornadoes associated tornadoes. was produced during the period from hurricane Connie in August 1955, to hurricane Carla in September 1961. Of Recognition of hurricane tornadoes prior to 1955 was the hurricanes producing tornadoes, the average number apparently limited-unless therehas beensuddena of tornadoes per hurricane is 9, although hurricanes Audrey rash of hurricane-tornadoesin recent years, for since and Carla spawned more than 20 tornadoes each.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Inverted Siphons As a Means of Mitigating Salinity Intrusion in the Keith Lake/Salt Bayou System, Jefferson County, Texas
    Evaluating Inverted Siphons as a Means of Mitigating Salinity Intrusion in the Keith Lake/Salt Bayou System, Jefferson County, Texas A report Submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gulf of Mexico Program Grant No. MX-96401704 Submitted March 2009 Dharhas Pothina and Carla G. Guthrie, Ph.D. Texas Water Development Board Surface Water Resources Division 1700 North Congress Avenue Austin, Texas 78711-3231 Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. ii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................iii Project Advisors............................................................................................................................. vi Executive Summary...................................................................................................................... vii 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Recent Threats and Mitigation Efforts............................................................................ 4 1.3.
    [Show full text]
  • La Marque-Hitchcock Extension)
    Documents Department Oldihoma State University Library =TEXAS CITY AND VICINITY, TEXAS (LA MARQUE-HITCHCOCK EXTENSION) LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY TRANSMITTING A LETTER FROM THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, DEPART- MENT OF THE ARMY, DATED DECEMBER 16, 1966, SUB- MITTING A REPORT, TOGETHER WITH ACCOMPANYING PAPERS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, ON A REVIEW OF THE REPORT ON TEXAS CITY AND VICINITY, TEXAS (LA MARQUE-HITCHCOCK EXTENSION), HURRICANE FLOOD PROTECTION, REQUESTED BY A RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS, HOUSE OF REPRE- SENTATIVES, ADOPTED MAY 10, 1962 a: NOVEMBER 29, 1967.-Referred to the Committee on Public Works and ordered to be printed with illustrations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1967 86-965 0 . t6 1"X ?t CONTENTS Page Letter of transm ittal_- _----- --- _ -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--- _-_ - v Comments of the Bureau of the Budget_ vi Comments of the Governor of Texas____ vii Letter to the Governor of Texas______ viii Comments of the Department of the Interior- ix Letter to the Secretary of the Interior_______ xi Comments of the Department of Commerce_ xii Report of the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army - 1 Report of the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors- 3 Report of the District Engineer: Syllabus ____-___________ 10 Introduction: Scope - __ _______ 11 Arrangement of report- 11 History of investigations_ 12 O ther reports -_ _-_-_-_-_-- - - -- 12 Authority for this investigation_ 12 Public hearing -_-_-_-_-_- 12 Improvements desired____ 12 Area description: General location and size- 13 Physical characteristics
    [Show full text]
  • Salt Bayou Watershed Restoration Plan
    SALT BAYOU WATERSHED RESTORATION PLAN Prepared by: Salt Bayou Marsh Workgroup May 2013 SALT BAYOU MARSH WORKGROUP MEMBERS Ducks Unlimited Jefferson County, Texas: Engineering Department Jefferson County Drainage District No. 6 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): National Marine Fisheries Service: Habitat Conservation Division Restoration Center Texas General Land Office: Coastal Erosion Planning and Response Act (CEPRA) Program Natural Resource Damage Assessment Program Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD): Wildlife Division Coastal Fisheries Division Environmental Assessment, Response, and Restoration Program Texas Water Development Board: Coastal Water Resources Group U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Galveston District) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS): McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge Coastal Program TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 5 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SALT BAYOU SYSTEM AND CURRENT STATUS ........ 9 Essential Functions ...................................................................................................... 10 SIGNIFICANT CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ...................................... 15 History of Significant Anthropogenic Influences .......................................................... 15 Natural processes ......................................................................................................... 22 IMPACTS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL ALTERATIONS ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Event-Based Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in Houston, Texas and Miami, Florida
    Article Event-Based Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in Houston, Texas and Miami, Florida Jill C. Trepanier *,†,‡ and Clay S. Tucker ‡ Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-225-819-6592 † 227 Howe-Russell-Kniffen Geoscience Complex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 30 March 2018; Accepted: 27 April 2018; Published: 3 May 2018 Abstract: Tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall amounts are compared from 1950–2017 for Houston, Texas and Miami, Florida to estimate the risk of TC rain in both cities. Following the wake of Hurricanes Harvey and Irma in 2017, concern has risen over the future of raininess in these locations. Per-event rainfall amounts are aggregated using tracks taken from HURDAT, time-of-rain gathered from National Weather Service daily weather maps, and rainfall totals taken from airport monitoring stations. Risk analysis tools include descriptive statistics, time series, and return frequencies for Houston and Miami, and spatially interpolated surfaces for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. The season duration is longer in Miami than in Houston. The uppermost rainfall events in the distribution for Houston show a significant increase through time, suggesting the most intense rainfall events are becoming worse for Houston. The expected return frequency for a Harvey-like event (940 mm) in Houston is every 230 years, on average, and the 90th percentile rain of 286 mm is expected once every 17 years (11–29; 90% significance). The expected return frequency for an Irene-like event (261 mm—maximum for location) in Miami is every 173 years, on average, and the 90th percentile rain of 167 mm is expected once every 11 years (7–17; 90% significance).
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics of Tornadoes Associated with Land-Falling Gulf
    CHARACTERISTICS OF TORNADOES ASSOCIATED WITH LAND-FALLING GULF COAST TROPICAL CYCLONES by CORY L. RHODES DR. JASON SENKBEIL, COMMITTEE CHAIR DR. DAVID BROMMER DR. P. GRADY DIXON A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Geography in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2012 Copyright Cory L. Rhodes 2012 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Tropical cyclone tornadoes are brief and often unpredictable events that can produce fatalities and create considerable economic loss. Given these uncertainties, it is important to understand the characteristics and factors that contribute to tornado formation within tropical cyclones. This thesis analyzes this hazardous phenomenon, examining the relationships among tropical cyclone intensity, size, and tornado output. Furthermore, the influences of synoptic and dynamic parameters on tornado output near the time of tornado formation were assessed among two phases of a tropical cyclone’s life cycle; those among hurricanes and tropical storms, termed tropical cyclone tornadoes (TCT), and those among tropical depressions and remnant lows, termed tropical low tornadoes (TLT). Results show that tornado output is affected by tropical cyclone intensity, and to a lesser extent size, with those classified as large in size and ‘major’ in intensity producing a greater amount of tornadoes. Increased values of storm relative helicity are dominant for the TCT environment while CAPE remains the driving force for TLT storms. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor and committee chair, Dr. Jason Senkbeil, and fellow committee members Dr. David Brommer and Dr. P. Grady Dixon for their encouragement, guidance and tremendous support throughout the entire thesis process.
    [Show full text]
  • 1956 Atlantic Hurricane Database Reanalysis – Sandy Delgado and Chris Landsea
    1956 Atlantic Hurricane Database Reanalysis – Sandy Delgado and Chris Landsea Red indicates wind changes of 15 kt or greater Yellow indicates a deletion Green indicates a new entry Blue indicates lat/lon changes greater than 1º “Minor” intensity changes are less than 20 kt “Minor” position changes are less than 2 degrees Unnamed Tropical Storm 1 [June 12-15, 1956] – AL011956 39285 06/12/1956 M= 4 1 SNBR= 858 NOT NAMED XING=1 SSS=0 39290 06/12*220 915 25 0*225 913 30 0*231 912 30 1009*240 910 35 0* 39290 06/12*200 915 25 0*203 915 25 0*208 915 30 0*216 915 35 0* *** *** *** ** *** *** **** *** *** 39295 06/13*253 907 40 0*264 907 50 0*275 909 50 1004*290 908 45 0* 39295 06/13*230 915 40 0*251 913 45 0*275 909 50 1004*294 906 50 0* *** *** *** *** ** *** *** ** 39300 06/14*306 905 40 0*322 910 35 0*338 917 25 1006*347 928 25 0* 39300 06/14*310 906 35 1001*324 910 30 0*338 917 25 1006*345 928 25 0* *** *** ** **** *** ** *** 39305 06/15*349 933 25 0*352 938 20 0* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0* 39310 TS U.S. Tropical Storm Landfall ------------------------------------- 06/13 17Z 29.1N 90.7W 50 kt LA Major changes to the track and minor changes to the intensity shown in McAdie et al. (2009). Evidence for these alterations comes from the NHC microfilm maps, the Historical Weather Maps series, the COADS ship database, Monthly Weather Review, the Local Climatological Data, Surface Weather Observations, Connor (1956), Navy reconnaissance book (ATSR), and Mexican synoptic maps.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hurricane Season
    128 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW Vol. 92, No. 3 THE HURRICANE SEASON GORDON E. DUNN and STAFF* U.S. Weather Bureau Office, Miami, Ha. 1. GENERAL SUMMARY Sept,ember and October were very active hurricane months in the Tropics and subtropics. Nine tropical cyclones were observed in the Atlantic In July in the middle troposphere, the east coast trough, during the 1963 season and all but two were of hurricane especially from Hatteras southward, was stronger than intensity, although several were barely so. This is close normal and westerly winds at 500 mb. frequently prevailed to the normal number of ten which has been the average as far south as latitude 25' N. At sea level in the Atlantic, during the past three decades. Indeed, the storm of May the subtropical ridge was slightly west of, and about 5 mb. 30June 4 which developed in the southwestern Caribbean weaker than, normal near the Azores [I]. Tropical cyclone and resulted in heavy rains along the middle Atlantic activity did not begin until the last day of the month. coast as it moved northward was probably tropical during While the east coast trough at 500 mb. in August n portion of its history and might well have been included strengthened north of latitude 35' N., it weakened over in the list. Also there were a number of tropical depres- southern latitudes. At 700 mb., a mean negative height sions which never reached storm intensity. The majority anomaly of 120 ft. wits observed for the month near 20' of the tropical cyclones developed initially between the N., 50' W., with n positive departure of 210 ft.
    [Show full text]