Project STORMFURY Annual Report, 1970
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Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and Responses
Climate change and human health RISKS AND RESPONSES Editors A.J. McMichael The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia D.H. Campbell-Lendrum London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom C.F. Corvalán World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland K.L. Ebi World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Rome, Italy A.K. Githeko Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya J.D. Scheraga US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA A. Woodward University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA 2003 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Climate change and human health : risks and responses / editors : A. J. McMichael . [et al.] 1.Climate 2.Greenhouse effect 3.Natural disasters 4.Disease transmission 5.Ultraviolet rays—adverse effects 6.Risk assessment I.McMichael, Anthony J. ISBN 92 4 156248 X (NLM classification: WA 30) ©World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dis- semination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution—should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Weathering US–Cuba Political Storms: José Rubiera Phd Cuba’S Chief Weather Forecaster
Interview Weathering US–Cuba Political Storms: José Rubiera PhD Cuba’s Chief Weather Forecaster Gail Reed MS E. Añé Full disclosure: chief weather forecaster is not his of cial title, but rather one affectionally con- ferred on Dr Rubiera by the Cuban people, who look to him not only in times of peril, but also to learn about the science of meteorology. Any- one who has taken a taxi in Cuba during hur- ricane season (June 1 to November 30), and bothered to ask the driver, will receive a clear explanation about how hurricanes are formed, what the Saf r-Simpson scale is all about, and how the season is shaping up—all courtesy of Dr Rubiera’s talent for communication during nightly weather forecasts and special broad- casts. It’s no exaggeration to say that he is something of an icon in Cuba, a man people trust. Now, he is retired as chief of forecasting at Cu- ba’s Meteorology Institute, but he stays on as an advisor, and since 1989 represents Cuba’s Meteorological Service as the Vice Chairper- son of the World Meteorological Organization’s Hurricane Finally, he has been a driving force in Cuba for collaboration Committee for Region IV (North America, Central America and with Miami’s National Hurricane Center (NHC) and other US the Caribbean). He also keeps a spot on nightly news and meteorologists (in fact, the Chairperson of the Region IV Com- hosts two TV shows of his own: Global Weather and Weather mittee is the head of the NHC). in the Caribbean. -
Guidelines for Storm Preparedness
Eleven Days after Hurricane Carol slammed the Island in August 1964, Hurricane Edna struck on September 11, flooding Edgartown (Vineyard Gazette Archive) Guidelines for Storm Preparedness West Tisbury Climate Action Committee May 2020 May 3-9, 2020: Hurricane Preparedness Week National Weather Service 1 of 11 Storm Preparedness It should come as no surprise that Martha’s Vineyard is vulnerable Nor’easter storms formed over the cold Atlantic between September and April; and hurricanes formed over warm tropical waters from June to November. The absence of hurricanes in recent years have lulled some into thinking they are no longer a serious threat to the Vineyard. The truth is that storms and hurricanes will lash the Vineyard, flooding low-lying portions of our villages, uprooting trees, bringing down power lines, snatching boats from their moorings, and disruption ferry service to the mainland. It is not a question of if; it is a matter of when and with what degree of severity. What is equally sure is that with a modicum of preparedness, your chances of riding out a storm and coping with the inevitable disruptions in the aftermath — the loss of power, telephone and internet connections, and delayed resupplying from the mainland — increase substantially. This manual breaks down emergency preparedness into stages; What you can do immediately without a storm in sight. What you can do when you know a storm is on its way. And, what you can do to make your surroundings as safe as possible when the storm hits. Storm risk varies by the size and path of the storm and by the population of the Vineyard. -
Texas Hurricane History
Texas Hurricane History David Roth National Weather Service Camp Springs, MD Table of Contents Preface 3 Climatology of Texas Tropical Cyclones 4 List of Texas Hurricanes 8 Tropical Cyclone Records in Texas 11 Hurricanes of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 12 Hurricanes of the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 13 Hurricanes of the Late Nineteenth Century 16 The First Indianola Hurricane - 1875 21 Last Indianola Hurricane (1886)- The Storm That Doomed Texas’ Major Port 24 The Great Galveston Hurricane (1900) 29 Hurricanes of the Early Twentieth Century 31 Corpus Christi’s Devastating Hurricane (1919) 38 San Antonio’s Great Flood – 1921 39 Hurricanes of the Late Twentieth Century 48 Hurricanes of the Early Twenty-First Century 68 Acknowledgments 74 Bibliography 75 Preface Every year, about one hundred tropical disturbances roam the open Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. About fifteen of these become tropical depressions, areas of low pressure with closed wind patterns. Of the fifteen, ten become tropical storms, and six become hurricanes. Every five years, one of the hurricanes will become reach category five status, normally in the western Atlantic or western Caribbean. About every fifty years, one of these extremely intense hurricanes will strike the United States, with disastrous consequences. Texas has seen its share of hurricane activity over the many years it has been inhabited. Nearly five hundred years ago, unlucky Spanish explorers learned firsthand what storms along the coast of the Lone Star State were capable of. Despite these setbacks, Spaniards set down roots across Mexico and Texas and started colonies. Galleons filled with gold and other treasures sank to the bottom of the Gulf, off such locations as Padre and Galveston Islands. -
How to Make a Cloud
Sylvia Knight Cloud control How to make a cloud Clouds come and go, rain comes and goes. There is nothing we can do about it – or is there? And what are the implications if we do? Sylvia Knight explains. What is a cloud? Key words Clouds are made up of hundreds of thousands However, sometimes the air can be much colder clouds of tiny droplets of water – about 10 000 000 000 than the dew-point temperature and still cloud 3 evaporation per m ! They form from water vapour in the air, droplets do not form. When relatively few water whenever the rate of condensation is greater than molecules form a tiny droplet, there are fewer condensation the rate of evaporation – usually this means when neighbours attracting a molecule at the surface climate control the air is cold enough. It is similar to what happens of the droplet holding it in place than there would when warm moist air from your shower hits a cold be for a bigger droplet or a flat surface and the mirror. In the atmosphere the same process is at water molecule can evaporate more easily. In fact, work: when relatively warm moist air cools, the the rate of evaporation from a droplet of radius air becomes saturated, the rate of condensation 0.001 μm is more than three times as fast as from 1 μm = 0.001 mm becomes greater than the rate of evaporation a droplet of radius 0.1 μm. It is therefore very and a cloud forms. The temperature at which this difficult for cloud droplets consisting of just water happens is known as the dew-point temperature. -
Hurricane and Tropical Storm
State of New Jersey 2014 Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 5. Risk Assessment 5.8 Hurricane and Tropical Storm 2014 Plan Update Changes The 2014 Plan Update includes tropical storms, hurricanes and storm surge in this hazard profile. In the 2011 HMP, storm surge was included in the flood hazard. The hazard profile has been significantly enhanced to include a detailed hazard description, location, extent, previous occurrences, probability of future occurrence, severity, warning time and secondary impacts. New and updated data and figures from ONJSC are incorporated. New and updated figures from other federal and state agencies are incorporated. Potential change in climate and its impacts on the flood hazard are discussed. The vulnerability assessment now directly follows the hazard profile. An exposure analysis of the population, general building stock, State-owned and leased buildings, critical facilities and infrastructure was conducted using best available SLOSH and storm surge data. Environmental impacts is a new subsection. 5.8.1 Profile Hazard Description A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2013a). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. -
LBJ Off on Peace Mission; Promises No 'Magic Wand'
Average Daily Net Press Run The Weather For the Week Ended October IK, 1966 Fair, much cooler Umlgntt low 35^0; aunny and a little milder tomorrow, high aow 4^ 1 4 ,9 3 3 Manche»ter~—A City of VMage-Charm (OlMMlltod Advertlalnc on Page U); PRICE SEVEN C E N H VOL. LXXXVIi NO. 14 (TWENTY-FOUR PAGES—TWO SECTIONS) MANCHESTER, CONN., MONDAY, OCTOBER l7 , 1966 i * <' •'fy ' ^ f * r JW. h r ; LBJ Off on Peace Mission; ( ' ■ y - ■ Promises No ‘Magic Wand’ * ( • y ' -' '* « ' ,% i, r -i <■ Honolulu First ’I K I- ■- I ■ -> ‘ . On 25,000-Mile Trip KB. t ■take A tha n it WASHINGTON (AP)—President Johnson departed Oakta. i Rick* on a momentous, 25,000-mile mission to the Far East '« ? , today with a vow to “do my best to advance the cause 'I L of peace and of human progress.” > I- Johnson tempered this pledge -------------------------- — ------- over M with word that “ I know that I corps along the way. A wife or can wave no wand” or offer any g<,t h presidential kiss on a date 1: ' promises to work magic on his u,e ©heek. i S i W i SiMW aerial expedition to at least six on the observation deck far Asian and Pacific nations. above the field, spectators held SittlUL «« he aad Yet, he said, he was undertak- aloft unanimously friendly post i j : « ing “a hopeful mission.” ©i-s bearing such inscriptions as a t aad 1 It was 9:26 a.m. when John- “ All 4 U,” “ U.S.A. -
WMA Capabilities Statement on Weather Modification Adopted April 2016
WMA Capabilities Statement on Weather Modification Adopted April 2016 Capabilities Statement Background Under certain atmospheric conditions cloud microphysical and precipitation processes can be intentionally modified using existing cloud seeding methodologies to yield beneficial effects. Beneficial effects are those in which favorable benefit/cost ratios are realized without producing detrimental environmental impacts. The magnitudes and temporal/spatial scales of beneficial cloud seeding effects vary between project types and location. This statement covers the intentional application of cloud seeding technology and techniques (described below) covering areas from a few to several thousands of square kilometers for periods of hours to days. Larger-scale efforts to intentionally modify weather and climate regionally or globally using cloud-seeding or other technology and techniques, commonly referred to as geoengineering, are excluded from this discussion. Increasing demands are being placed upon existing fresh water supplies throughout the world. These increasing demands lead to greater sensitivity to drought and to moderate precipitation shortfalls. Recent investigations have indicated that negative impacts of air pollution on precipitation downwind of some industrialized areas are probable. Concerns about water supplies are increasing interest in using cloud seeding techniques for precipitation augmentation. Hail damage to crops and property and fog-induced problems continue to produce interest in their mitigation. These factors, combined with the typically attractive benefit/cost ratios associated with operational cloud seeding projects, have fostered ongoing and growing interest in intentional weather modification. Brief capability statements regarding intentional weather modification by cloud seeding follow, summarizing the current state of the technology within the primary application categories. The summaries are limited to conventional cloud seeding methods that are based on accepted physical principles. -
BERNAL-THESIS-2020.Pdf (5.477Mb)
BROWNWOOD: BAYTOWN’S MOST HISTORIC NEIGHBORHOOD by Laura Bernal A thesis submitted to the History Department, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Chair of Committee: Dr. Monica Perales Committee Member: Dr. Mark Goldberg Committee Member: Dr. Kristin Wintersteen University of Houston May 2020 Copyright 2020, Laura Bernal “A land without ruins is a land without memories – a land without memories is a land without history.” -Father Abram Joseph Ryan, “A Land Without Ruins” iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, and foremost, I want to thank God for guiding me on this journey. Thank you to my family for their unwavering support, especially to my parents and sisters. Thank you for listening to me every time I needed to work out an idea and for staying up late with me as I worked on this project. More importantly, thank you for accompanying me to the Baytown Nature Center hoping to find more house foundations. I am very grateful to the professors who helped me. Dr. Monica Perales, my advisor, thank you for your patience and your guidance as I worked on this project. Thank you to my defense committee, Dr. Kristin Wintersteen and Dr. Goldberg. Your advice helped make this my best work. Additionally, I would like to thank Dr. Debbie Harwell, who encouraged me to pursue this project, even when I doubted it its impact. Thank you to the friends and co-workers who listened to my opinions and encouraged me to not give up. Lastly, I would like to thank the people I interviewed. -
Corpus Christi Storm Surge Is an Abnormal Rise of Water Generated by a Storm, Over and Above the Predicted Inundation Astronomical Tides
About Hurricanes TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY Hurricanes form over warm 5805 N LAMAR BLVD • BOX 4087 • AUSTIN, TEXAS 78773-0001 ocean waters, like those 512/424-2000 www.dps.texas.gov found in the Gulf of Mexico. The hurricane season starts June 1 and ends November STEVEN C. McCRAW COMMISSION DIRECTOR A. CYNTHIA LEON, CHAIR 30. The peak threat for DAVID G. BAKER MANNY FLORES ROBERT J. BODISCH, SR. FAITH JOHNSON the Texas coast exists from DEPUTY DIRECTORS STEVEN P. MACH RANDY WATSON August through September. Dear Colleagues: However, hurricanes can Hurricanes are deadly and destructive threats to communities along the Texas coastline. Along with high and have struck the Texas winds, tropical systems can produce immense storm surge, violent tornados, and dangerous flooding. coast during every month of the hurricane season. In order to help citizens prepare, the National Weather Service has once again collaborated with local nonprofit organizations and the Texas Department of Public Safety’s Division of Emergency Management to bring you the Official Texas Hurricane Guide. It is especially crucial for coastal residents to plan and prepare for each type of hurricane hazard to prevent and reduce the loss of life and property and improve community resilience. Above: High resolution satellite image of Hurricane Ike This guide is an up-to-date, easy-to-use resource that will help you and your family better understand what over the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Image--NASA to do before, during and after a storm. It will also assist your family with the preparation of a family emergency plan, checklists and a disaster supply kit. -
City of League City
CITY OF DICKINSON MITIGATION PLAN CITY OF DICKINSON 07/2017 City of Dickinson Office of Emergency Management 4000 Liggio St Dickinson TX 775393 281-337-4700 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 1 Authority .....................................................................................................................................1-2 Purpose and Need ........................................................................................................................... 2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Section I The Planning Process ....................................................................................................... 3 Overview of the Plan Update ........................................................................................................3-4 Mitigation Planning Committee (MPC) ............................................................................................4-5 Public Participation .......................................................................................................................... 6 Announcement of Hazard Mitigation Survey ...................................................................................... 7 Hazard Mitigation Survey Form .................................................................................................. -
P6.3 Using ERA40 in Cyclone Phase Space to Refine the Classification
P6.3 Using ERA40 in Cyclone Phase Space to Refine the Classification of Historical Tropical Storms Danielle Manning* and Robert Hart The Florida State University *Corresponding author email: [email protected] I. INTRODUCTION The goal of this study is to, when feasible Understanding of cyclone structural evolution within the ERA40 data, extend and refine the structural both during and beyond the tropical stage has increased characteristics of existing best-track cyclones. These tremendously over the past fifty years through various refinements may include the tropical or extratropical satellite-based, model-based, and analysis-based transition points in the lifecycle or the genesis point of classifications. This new knowledge has brought tropical cyclones that formed from cold-core origins. forward the reanalysis of historical storms in the context Finally, through a detailed examination of the full 45 of present understanding (Landsea et al. 2004) in order years, several cyclones were found of warm-core or to extend and revise the National Hurricane Center’s hybrid structure that may qualify for subtropical or (NHC) North Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT; tropical status, but were not documented within the Neumann et al. 1993). This reanalysis is vital for the existing best-track archive. Case examples of all these filling of gaps within, and further improvement overall events are presented below, along with an evaluation of of the track and structural evolution of tropical cyclones. CPS intensity bias evolution over the ERA40 period. II. DATA AND METHODOLOGY Using ECMWF Reanalysis dataset (ERA40; Uppala et al. 2005), three parameters that classify a cyclone within a continuum of structure (warm to cold core, shallow to deep, and frontal to nonfrontal) can be calculated (Hart 2003).