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Construction Et Exploitation De La Ligne Haute Tension 400 Kv

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Construction Et Exploitation De La Ligne Haute Tension 400 Kv Table des matières LISTE DES TABLEAUX 7 LISTE DES FIGURES 9 ACRONYMES 11 RÉSUMÉ NON TECHNIQUE 13 MÉTHODOLOGIE DE CONDUITE DE L’EIES 13 INTRODUCTION 13 CONTEXTE GENERAL DU PROJET 13 0.3.1 Vue d’ensemble du Projet et localisation 13 0.3.2 La ligne à haute tension 14 0.3.3 Présentation de l’EIES 14 0.3.4 Présentation des bureaux d’études 15 0.3.5 Cadre institutionnel et réglementaire en Côte d’Ivoire 15 0.3.6 Normes des bailleurs de fonds internationaux 16 PRÉSENTATION DU PROJET 18 0.4.2 Présentation de CI-ENERGIES 18 0.4.3 Installations associées 20 ÉTAT INITIAL ET ENJEUX ENVIRONNEMENTAUX 21 DESCRIPTION DU MILIEU ENVIRONNEMENTAL ET SOCIAL ET RÉSUMÉ DES SENSIBILITÉS ET IMPACTS DU PROJET 21 MESURES D’ÉVITEMENT, DE RÉDUCTION, DE COMPENSATION DES IMPACTS ET MESURES DE SUIVI 25 ENGAGEMENT DES PARTIES PRENANTES 26 0.8.1 Consultations réalisées dans le cadre de l’EIES 26 0.8.2 Tableau récapitulatif de l’ensemble des consultations relatives à la ligne 26 INTRODUCTION 30 LE PROJET 30 OBJECTIFS DE L’EIES 32 JUSTIFICATION DU PROJET 32 PRÉSENTATION DU CONSULTANT 32 STRUCTURE DU RAPPORT 33 CADRE POLITIQUE, JURIDIQUE ET INSTITUTIONNEL 35 INTRODUCTION 35 CADRE POLITIQUE 35 2.2.1 Plan National de Développement (PND) 35 2.2.2 Politique Nationale en matière d’Environnement 36 2.2.3 Politique Nationale de lutte contre la pauvreté en matière d’accès à l’energie 36 2.2.4 Politique Nationale d’électricité 37 CONTEXTE INSTITUTIONNEL IVOIRIEN 37 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT EIES LIGNE HAUTE TENSION ATINKOU-AKOUPÉ ZEUDJI 2 2.3.1 Contexte institutionnel ivoirien 37 2.3.2 Législation ivoirienne pertinente au Projet 45 2.3.3 Processus d'approbation de l'EIES 105 2.3.4 Conventions et traités internationaux 107 RÉGLEMENTATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE SPÉCIFIQUE ET EXIGENCES DES BAILLEURS INTERNATIONAUX EN MATIÈRE D'ÉVALUATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE APPLICABLES AU PROJET 111 2.4.1 Applicabilité des directives de la Banque Mondiale et de la SFI 111 2.4.2 Participation des parties prenantes 112 2.4.3 Bruit lié à la construction 114 SYSTÈME DE SAUVEGARDES INTÉGRÉ DE LA BANQUE AFRICAINE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT (BAD) 115 2.5.1 Le système de sauvegardes intégré (SSI) 115 2.5.2 Les directives sectorielles du système de sauvegardes intégré 116 DESCRIPTION DU PROJET 117 CONTEXTE 117 3.1.1 Vue d’ensemble du Projet 117 3.1.2 Contexte du secteur de l’énergie en Côte d’Ivoire 117 TRACÉ DE LA LIGNE 118 COMPOSANTES DE LA LIGNE ÉLECTRIQUE 120 3.3.1 Distance et couloir de sécurité 120 3.3.2 Pylônes 121 INSTALLATIONS AUXILIAIRES 124 3.4.1 Aire de stockage temporaire du matériel de construction 124 3.4.2 Voies d’accès 124 3.4.3 Transports liés aux activités du Projet 127 3.4.4 Quai de déchargement 129 3.4.5 Base de vie temporaire 129 PHASES DU PROJET 129 3.5.1 Phase de construction 129 3.5.2 Phase d’exploitation 130 3.5.3 Phase de démantèlement 130 VARIANTES DU PROJET 131 3.6.1 Option « sans projet » 131 3.6.2 Alternatives de tracé de ligne envisagées entre P113 et P70 131 3.6.3 Option « différents tracés de ligne entre P70 et Akoupé (P1) 134 CADRAGE ET ZONES DU PROJET 138 ZONES D’INFLUENCE DU PROJET 138 ZONE D’ÉTUDE PRINCIPALE 139 4.2.1 Zone d’étude entre les pylônes 135 et 70 140 4.2.2 Zone d’étude entre les pylônes 70 et 1 140 ÉTENDUE DES ACTIVITÉS 141 IDENTIFICATION PRÉLIMINAIRE DES IMPACTS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET SOCIAUX 142 5 APPROCHE ET MÉTHODOLOGIE DE L’EIES 115 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT EIES LIGNE HAUTE TENSION ATINKOU-AKOUPÉ ZEUDJI 3 5.1 CADRE MÉTHODOLOGIQUE GÉNÉRAL 115 5.1.1 Préambule 115 5.1.2 Prédiction de l’intensité des impacts 116 5.1.3 Sensibilité/Vulnérabilité/Importance des ressources et récepteurs 118 5.1.4 Évaluation de la sévérité des impacts 118 5.1.5 Pour la ligne entre le pylône 70 à Akoupé Zeudji, évaluation des impacts par type de zone géographique 120 5.1.6 Mesures d’atténuation 122 5.1.7 Sévérité des impacts résiduels 123 5.2 STRUCTURE DE L’ÉVALUATION DES IMPACTS 124 5.2.1 Cadrage et évaluation des impacts 124 5.3 ÉVALUATION DES IMPACTS CUMULATIFS 127 5.3.1 Introduction 127 5.3.2 Processus d’évaluation des impacts cumulés 128 5.4 PLAN DE GESTION SOCIALE ET ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET DE SUIVI 128 5.5 LIMITES/INCERTITUDES 129 ÉTUDE D’ETAT INITIAL 131 INTRODUCTION 131 QUALITÉ DE L’AIR 135 6.2.1 Méthodologie de la collecte de données 135 6.2.2 Climat 135 6.2.3 Sources d’émissions atmosphériques à l’état initial 138 6.2.4 Caractérisation de la qualité de l’air 139 BRUIT 139 6.3.1 Zone d’étude 139 6.3.2 Descriptif de l’état initial par type de zone 139 6.3.3 Sources d’émission 140 6.3.4 Récepteurs 140 6.3.5 Évaluation initiale 142 HYDROGÉOLOGIE 145 6.4.1 Zone d’étude 145 6.4.2 Méthodologie 145 6.4.3 Géologie et sols 146 6.4.4 Hydrologie 146 6.4.5 Hydrogéologie 151 BIODIVERSITÉ POUR LA PARTIE DE LA LIGNE ENTRE LA CENTRALE ET LE PYLÔNE 70 153 6.5.1 Zone d’étude 153 6.5.2 Méthodologie de la collecte de données 153 6.5.3 Localisation des inventaires 156 6.5.4 Aires protégées ou d’aménagement forestier dans la zone du Projet 157 6.5.5 Biodiversité terrestre de la zone du Projet 160 6.5.6 Evaluation préliminaire de la sensibilité des habitats 180 6.5.7 Milieux aquatiques 186 BIODIVERSITÉ POUR LA PARTIE DE LA LIGNE ENTRE LE PYLÔNE 70 ET AKOUPÉ ZEUDJI (PK 24) 189 6.6.1 Zone d’étude 189 6.6.2 Méthodologie de la collecte de données 189 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT EIES LIGNE HAUTE TENSION ATINKOU-AKOUPÉ ZEUDJI 4 6.6.3 Réseaux de conservation dans les environs du Projet 191 6.6.4 Biodiversité terrestre de la zone du Projet 193 CONTEXTE SOCIAL 211 6.7.1 Zone d’étude 211 6.7.2 Méthodologie de la collecte de données 211 6.7.3 Structure administrative et communauté locales 212 6.7.4 Démographie 222 5.1 223 6.7.5 Migration et groupes ethno-linguistiques 223 6.7.6 Pouvoir traditionnel 225 6.7.7 Croyances religieuses 226 6.7.8 Activités économiques 230 6.7.9 Propriété foncière 237 6.7.10 Education 239 6.7.11 Santé 241 6.7.12 Infrastructures publiques 246 6.7.13 Paléontologie, archéologie et patrimoine culturel 253 ÉVALUATION DES IMPACTS 255 INTRODUCTION 255 7.1.1 Mesures d’atténuation 255 7.1.2 Note sur la phase de démantèlement 256 IMPACTS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET SOCIAUX 256 7.2.1 Structure de l’évaluation 256 7.2.2 Impacts environnementaux 258 7.2.3 Impacts sociaux 279 7.2.4 Évaluations des impacts sur la biodiversité 293 7.2.5 Champs électromagnétiques 293 7.2.6 Impacts sur l’avifaune 300 SERVICES ÉCOSYSTÉMIQUES 301 7.3.1 Méthodologie 302 7.3.2 Identification préliminaire 302 7.3.3 Cadrage 305 7.3.4 État initial et valeur des services écosystémiques 308 7.3.5 Évaluation des impacts 315 IMPACTS CUMULATIFS 323 7.4.1 Projets à impacts cumulatifs potentiels identifiés 323 7.4.2 Évaluation des impacts 324 8 PLAN DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE 334 8.1 INTRODUCTION 334 8.2 STRUCTURE DU PGES 334 8.3 RESPONSABILITÉS 335 8.4 PLAN D'ATTÉNUATION DES IMPACTS ET D'AMÉLIORATION 335 8.4.1 Approche du développement du plan d'atténuation et d'amélioration 335 8.4.2 Moyens de vérification et mise en œuvre 335 8.5 PLANS DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE SPÉCIFIQUES 374 8.5.1 Plan de gestion de la biodiversité 374 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT EIES LIGNE HAUTE TENSION ATINKOU-AKOUPÉ ZEUDJI 5 8.5.2 Plan de gestion de l'eau 376 8.5.3 Plan de gestion des champs électromagnétiques 377 8.5.4 Plan de gestion des déchets 378 8.5.5 Plan de gestion du transport 380 8.5.6 Plan de gestion des substances dangereuses et d’intervention en cas de déversement 382 8.5.7 Plan de gestion des risques professionnels 383 8.5.8 Plan de prévention et d'intervention en cas d’urgence 385 8.6 PLANS DE GESTION SOCIALE SPÉCIFIQUES 387 8.6.1 Plan de restauration des moyens de subsistance et de réinstallation 387 8.6.2 Plan de gestion des conditions de travail et d’information des travailleurs 391 8.6.3 Plan d’embauche et d’approvisionnement local 392 8.6.4 Plan d'engagement des parties prenantes 392 8.6.5 Procédure de gestion des plaintes et de résolution 393 8.6.6 Plan de gestion de l'hygiène, de la santé et de la sécurité 394 8.6.7 Plan de gestion du patrimoine culturel 396 8.7 FERMETURE, DÉMANTÈLEMENT ET RÉHABILITATION DE SITE APRÈS LES OPÉRATIONS 397 8.8 MISE EN ŒUVRE DU PGES 398 8.8.1 Rôles et responsabilités 398 8.8.2 Programmes de formation et de sensibilisation 399 8.8.3 Dates limites de mise en œuvre 401 8.8.4 Surveillance et suivi environnemental et social 401 8.8.5 Communication de la performance environnementale et sociale 406 CONCLUSION 408 ANNEXES 409 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT EIES LIGNE HAUTE TENSION ATINKOU-AKOUPÉ ZEUDJI 6 LISTE DES TABLEAUX TABLEAU 0-1: NORMES DE PERFORMANCE ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE DE LA SFI (2012) 17 TABLEAU 0-2: PRINCIPAUX IMPACTS POTENTIELS IDENTIFIES POUR LA CONSTRUCTION ET L’EXPLOITATION DE LA LIGNE ELECTRIQUE 22 TABLEAU 0-3: CONSULTATIONS REALISEES DANS LE CADRE DE L’EIES DE LA LIGNE COMPLETE ENTRE LA CENTRALE ET LE POSTE D’AKOUPE 26 TABLEAU 1-1: STRUCTURE DE L’EIES 33 TABLEAU 2-1 : RÔLES ET RESPONSABILITÉS DES DIRECTIONS ET DES STRUCTURES SOUS-TUTELLES DU MINEDD 39 TABLEAU 2-2 : INSTITUTIONS ET STRUCTURES DES MINISTÈRES TECHNIQUES CONCERNÉS PAR LE PROJET 40 TABLEAU 2-3 : EXTRAITS DE TEXTES RÉGLEMENTAIRES APPLICABLES AU PROJET EN MATIÈRE D'ENVIRONNEMENT 78 TABLEAU 2-4 : TRAITÉS INTERNATIONAUX APPLICABLES AU PROJET 108 TABLEAU 2-5: NORMES DE PERFORMANCE ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE DE LA SFI (2012) 111 TABLEAU 2-6 GUIDE DE PARTICIPATION DES PARTIES PRENANTES 112 TABLEAU 2-7 AMPLEUR DES EFFETS DU BRUIT PROVENANT DES ACTIVITÉS DE CONSTRUCTION 115 TABLEAU 3-1 DISTANCES DE SECURITE MINIMALES (SANS VENT) 121 TABLEAU 3-2 RESUME DE LA JUSTIFICATION DU CHOIX DE TRACE
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