Larger Than Elephants
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Framework Contract COM 2011 – Lot 1 Request for Services 2013/328436 - Version 1 Larger than elephants Inputs for the design of an EU Strategic Approach to Wildlife Conservation in Africa Volume 5 Western Africa December 2014 Ce projet est financé par l’Union Européenne Mis en œuvre par AGRER – Consortium B&S Volume 5 WEST AFRICA Inputs for the design of an EU strategic approach to wildlife conservation in Africa Page 1 Final report Volume 5 WEST AFRICA TABLE OF CONTENTS 0. RATIONALE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 1. SPECIAL FEATURES OF WEST AFRICA .................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 COUNTRIES OF WEST AFRICA .................................................................................................................................. 13 1.1.1 Development indicators ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 1.1.2 Conflict .................................................................................................................................................................................. 15 1.1.3 Food crisis ............................................................................................................................................................................ 15 1.1.4 West Africa and the Millennium Development Goals ........................................................................................................... 16 1.1.5 Climate change ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 1.1.6 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................................................... 17 1.2 OVERVIEW OF ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WEST AFRICAN REGION ........................................................... 17 1.2.1 Major Ecotypes ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 1.2.2 Conservation issues and challenges (key and threatened, rare and high value species) ................................................... 19 1.3 OVERVIEW OF REGIONAL-SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF THE WEST AFRICAN REGION .............................................................. 24 1.3.1 Regional institutional support ............................................................................................................................................... 24 1.3.2 Conservation capacity building in WA .................................................................................................................................. 24 2. CONSERVATION CHALLENGES AND ISSUES .......................................................................................................... 25 2.1 KEY DIRECT THREATS TO CONSERVATION IN WA ....................................................................................................... 25 2.1.1 Availability of funds for PAs .................................................................................................................................................. 26 2.1.2 Institutional governance of PAs ............................................................................................................................................ 27 2.1.3 Illegal wildlife trade income and corruption........................................................................................................................... 27 2.1.4 Weak planning, management effectiveness and monitoring of PAs .................................................................................... 30 2.2 KEY INDIRECT THREATS TO CONSERVATION ............................................................................................................... 31 2.2.1 Population growth and poverty ............................................................................................................................................. 31 2.2.2 Fragmentation, reduction and isolation of PA in the landscape ........................................................................................... 31 2.2.3 Coup d’états, rebellions, civil unrest and religion fundamentalism, Ebola and refugee crises ............................................. 32 2.2.4 Negative economic trends .................................................................................................................................................... 32 2.2.5 Policy and sectorial approach ............................................................................................................................................... 33 3. ONGOING CONSERVATION EFFORTS ....................................................................................................................... 34 3.1 DESERTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 34 3.2 SAVANNAS .............................................................................................................................................................. 34 3.3 FORESTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 34 3.4 MANGROVES/COASTAL ............................................................................................................................................ 35 4. LESSONS LEARNED AND PROMISING APPROACHES............................................................................................ 36 4.1 NEGATIVE LESSONS LEARNED .................................................................................................................................. 36 4.2 POSITIVE LESSONS LEARNED .................................................................................................................................... 36 4.3 PROMISING APPROACHES ........................................................................................................................................ 37 4.3.1 Constant and specific intervention on the ground ................................................................................................................ 37 4.3.2 Biodiversity and Management Information System .............................................................................................................. 38 4.3.3 Shared political and institutional decisions ........................................................................................................................... 39 5. INDICATIVE CONSERVATION ACTIONS / PRIORITY CONSERVATION NEEDS ..................................................... 40 5.1 ACTIVE PROCESS .................................................................................................................................................... 42 5.1.1 Dissemination and analysis of the proposals about sites and conservation priorities in WA ............................................... 42 5.1.2 Support for conservation of the major ecotypes: Deserts, Savannas, Forests and Mangroves/Coastal ............................. 42 5.1.3 Specific strategies and actions for the major Desert ecotypes ............................................................................................. 43 5.1.4 Specific strategies and actions for the major Savanna ecotypes ......................................................................................... 48 5.1.5 Specific strategies and actions for major Forest ecotypes ................................................................................................... 57 5.1.6 Specific strategies and actions for major Mangroves/Coastal ecotypes .............................................................................. 67 Inputs for the design of an EU strategic approach to wildlife conservation in Africa Page 2 Final report Volume 5 WEST AFRICA 5.1.7 Dismantling Wildlife traffic network ....................................................................................................................................... 73 5.1.8 Special analysis .................................................................................................................................................................... 74 5.1.9 Wildlife protection training .................................................................................................................................................... 75 5.2 PROACTIVE PROCESS .............................................................................................................................................. 76 5.2.1 Institutional support and coordination ................................................................................................................................... 76 5.2.2 Monitoring and planning ....................................................................................................................................................... 77 5.2.3 Communication ....................................................................................................................................................................