Sofia Gubaidulina's Violin Concerto Offertorium: Theology and Music In

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Sofia Gubaidulina's Violin Concerto Offertorium: Theology and Music In Université de Montréal Sofia Gubaidulina’s violin concerto Offertorium : theology and music in dialogue Par Jenna Smith Faculté de théologie et sciences des religions Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de M.A. Théologie en Études Théologiques décembre, 2010 Copyright, Jenna Smith, 2010 ii Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales Ce mémoire intitulé Sofia Gubaidulina’s violin concerto Offertorium : theology and music in dialogue Présenté par Jenna Smith A été évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes: Solange Lefebvre, président-rapporteur Jean-François Roussel, directeur de recherche Alain Gignac, membre du jury iii Résumé L’objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre comment une certaine vision du monde, basée sur des croyances théologiques, a contribué à la composition du concerto pour violon Offertorium de Sofia Gubaïdulina. C’est par le biais de cette œuvre qu’est explorée l’idée du dialogue musicothéologique, en proposant des façons par lesquelles la pièce musicale en question peut servir de porteuse ou d’interprète d’une pensée théologique. Afin d’appuyer cette idée, la démarche intertextuelle employée par Heidi Epstein est utilisée. Cette méthode permet de faciliter non seulement le travail interdisciplinaire, mais aussi la lecture théologique de l’œuvre musicale. Le premier chapitre explore les sources, les questions et la problématique qui entoure le dialogue musicothéologique. La conclusion tirée est que l’étude d’Offertorium nécessite une approche équilibrée. Nous entendons par cela, une approche qui prend en ligne de compte la réflexion théologique autant que la recherche musicologique tout en respectant les contributions théologiques que l’œuvre musicale peut apporter en soi. Dans le deuxième chapitre, une analyse thématique d’Offertorium a été tentée ainsi qu’une étude du discours théologique et spirituel de la compositrice. Il a été conclu que l’arrière-plan russe orthodoxe de Gubaidulina a beaucoup influencé sa vision du monde et son approche artistique. Le concerto est porteur d’idées et de symboles liturgiques ou théologiques de l’Orthodoxie dans sa structure et dans sa construction thématique. Le troisième chapitre explore les parallèles entre la pensée de Gubaidulina et les écritures de plusieurs théologiens russes orthodoxes du 20e siècle. La conclusion de ce chapitre démontre que, même s’il est improbable que la compositrice connaisse bien ces auteurs, sa compréhension théologique et spirituelle sort du climat religieux de l’Église Orthodoxe. Cette idée explique les complémentarités et les similarités entre son discours, son œuvre et les propos des théologiens discutés. Le quatrième chapitre évalue la validité d’Offertorium comme moyen d’expression théologique ainsi que de générateur de réflexion théologique. La conclusion de la recherche est qu’Offertorium peut bel et bien être un espace théologique. Ce qui veut dire que des idées théologiques peuvent être communiquées par le biais de l’expérience sonore que ce soit par la mélodie ou l’ambiance générale. iv Également, cela implique que la musique devient un partenaire égal, quoique différent des méthodes de réflexion traditionnelles au sein de la conversation théologique. Mots clés : Sofia Gubaidulina- dialogue musicothéologique- liturgie orthodoxe- interdisciplinaire – théologie Russe orthodoxe 20e siècle. v Abstract This paper explores the musico-theological dialogue through the study of Sofia Gubaidulina's violin concerto, Offertorium. Its aim is to understand how theological belief and worldview have influenced and contributed to Offertorium's composition, and in consequence, how the concerto serves as an interpretive conductor of theological thought. To support this idea, the intertextual method developed by Heidi Epstein is employed, which aids not only the interdisciplinary approach, but also a theological analysis of a musical work. Chapter One explores the sources, questions and problematic concerning musico- theological dialogues. It concludes that for studying Offertorium, a balanced approach was in order, one that took into consideration theological reflection as much as musicological research, and that respected the music's theological contributions in its own right. Chapter Two attempts an analysis of Offertorium and a study of the composer's discourse on matters of theology, religion and spirituality. It is concluded that Gubaidulina's background in Russian Orthodoxy has deeply influenced her worldview and artistic approach. Many Orthodox theological and liturgical themes and symbols are present structurally or thematically in the concerto. Chapter Three explores the parallels between the composer's ideas and the writings of several contemporary Russian Orthodox theologians. It concludes that while it is improbable that Gubaidulina is familiar with these writers, hers is a worldview that has emerged from the experience of a Russian Orthodox climate which explains the similarities and complementarities between her work and the work of the discussed authors. Chapter Four evaluates the validity of Offertorium as a means of theological expression, but also as the producer of original theological thought. It concludes that both are possible, rendering Offertorium its own theological ground. The conclusion of the study is that a musical work such as Offertorium can be a “theological ground”. This entails that theological ideas in this case are communicated through experience (experiencing sound, melody and musical ambiance) and not through traditional means of textbook or sermon. This also insinuates that music can be an equal, albeit entirely different, player in the theological dialogue. vi Key words: Sofia Gubaidulina- musico-theological dialogue- Orthodox liturgy- interdisciplinary- 20th century Orthodox theology. vii Table of Contents Résumé.............................................................................................................................iii Abstract .............................................................................................................................v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................vii List of illustrations ............................................................................................................x Dedication ........................................................................................................................xi Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................xii Introduction.......................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 - Presentation of the Project .............................................................................4 1.1 Presentation of project.............................................................................................4 1.1.1 Summary of project ..........................................................................................4 1.1.2 Sofia Gubaidulina .............................................................................................5 1.1.3 Justification and pertinence of project..............................................................8 1.1.4 The problem......................................................................................................8 1.1.5 Hypothesis ......................................................................................................10 1.1.5 Terms used......................................................................................................11 1.2 Documents and Sources ........................................................................................11 1.2.1 Musicology and Sofia Gubaidulina ................................................................12 1.2.2 Authors of the Musico-theological Dialogue..................................................16 1.2.3 Orthodox authors ............................................................................................21 1.3 Methodology .........................................................................................................23 1.3.1 Musical analysis..............................................................................................23 1.3.2 Heidi Epstein's intertextual approach .............................................................24 1.4 Conclusion.............................................................................................................26 Chapter 2 - The World of Offertorium............................................................................28 2.1 Themes in Sofia Gubaidulina's spiritual discourse................................................28 2.1.1 The vertical and horizontal dimensions of life ...............................................28 viii 2.1.2 The crucifixion................................................................................................31 2.1.3 The Eucharist ..................................................................................................33 2.2 Themes and Influences in Offertorium ..............................................................34 2.2.1 Offertorium as sacrifice ..................................................................................35 2.2.2 Offertorium and the Eucharistic service .........................................................36
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