THENAV Y Vol. 23 NOVEMBER, 1960 No. 9 His Excellency The Rt. Hon. 1 G.C.M.G., M.C., CONTENTS FEDERAL COUNCIL: President: Rear Admiral H. A. Showers. C.B.E. (Retd.). Deputy President: Cdr. R. A. Nettle- fold. D.S.C., V.R.D., R.A.N.R. Page Secretary: Lieutenant L. Mackay- Crulse. R.A.N.R. Letters to the Editor New South Wales Division: Patron: His Excellency The Governor Underwater Detection of New South Wales. President: Rear Admiral H. A. Divers and Diving Showers. C.B.E. Navy Divers Secretary: Lieutenant L. Mackay- Crulse. R.A.N.R. How to Become a Divtr Hon. Treasurer: R. I. Rae, Esq. How I Became a Diver in the R.A.N. Victorian Division: The sort of Air Power Patron: His Excellency the Governor Beneath the Surface of Victoria. President: Lleut.-Comdr. A. N. Boul- H.M.A.S. TOBRUK Pays Off ton. R.A.N.R. Secretary: Miss E. C. Shorrocks. 528 a shipbuilder Under the Red Duster Collins Street. Melbourne. R.A.N.'s Part in Ocean Research South Australian Division: Patron: His Excellency The Governor R.A.N. Adjusts for Scientific Age of South Australia. ... in a range of tools by Atlas Copco President: Surgeon-Comdr. R. F. New Liner CANBERRA Matters (Retd.). Hon. See.: R. Sutton. Esq.. 30 Plrie 600th Anniversary of the Court of Admiralty Street. Adelaide. Compressed air is versatile. It can be used in many industries to Sea Cadet Notes Tasmanian Division: power many types of equipment. For shipbuilders, Atlas Copco Patron: Vice Admiral Sir Guy Wyatt, K.B.E.. C.B., R.N. (Retd.). makes air-powered hoists, grinders, drills, chipping-hammers, riveters, President: Comdr. A. H. Green. O.B.E.. D.S.C.. R.A.N. (Retd.). screwdrivers and the compressors which drive them. Published by The Navy League of Australia. 66 Clarence St., Sydney. 61 8784 Hon. Sec : Comdr. G. E. W. W. Bayly, O.B.E.. V.R.D., R.A.N.V.R. (Retd.). Designed for reliable service under the most arduous conditions, the 726 Sandy Bay Road. Lower Sandy SUBSCRIPTION RATE: 12 issues post free in the British Commonwealth. 20/-. Bay. Hobart. hand tools are fitted with high-eiTiciency air motors giving the best Western Australian Division: possible power weight ratios. Easy to handle, they are economical to Copies of "Herald" photographs published may be obtained direct from Patron: His Excellency The Governor Photo Sales. "Sydney Morning Herald." Hunter Street. Sydney. of Western Australia. operate. The air hoists ranging in capacity from 5 cwt to 10 tons — President: Roland Smith, Esq Hon. Sec. - Hon. Treas.: K. Olson. are especially suited to shipyard work. With smooth-running air Esq.. 62 Blencowe Street. West Leedervllle. W.A. motors and very low creep speeds, they permit ultra-sensitive control. Queensland Division: An additional advantage is the enclosed design, which allows safe Patron: His Excellency The Governor of Queensland. operation in any atmosphere hot, explosive, dusty, damp or corrosive. President: Comdr. N. S. Pixley, SUBSCRIPTION FORM M.B.E.. V.R.D., R.A.N.R. (Retd.). Ryan House. Eagle Street. Brisbane. Hon. Sec : G. B. O'Neill. Esq.. Box SALES AND SERVICE IN NINETY COUNTRIES. To "The Navy" 376E . G.P.O., Brisbane. Box 3850, G.P.O. Australian Capital Territory Division: With companies and agents in ninety countries, Atlas Copco is the President: Lt.-Cdr. J. B. Howse, Sydney, N.S.W. R.A.N.V.R.. M.P.. Parliament House. world's largest organisaticn specialising solely in compressed air Canberra. A.C.T. Hon. Sec.: Lieut. D. M. Blake. equipment. Wherever you are, the international Atlas Copco group R.A.N.V.R., 60 Limestone Avenue, I enclose 23/- (postal note, money order or cheque) for Alnslle. A.C.T. "Phone: J 3237. offers expert advice on the selection of equipment and provides a Northern Territory Division: complete after-sales service. 12 issues of "The Navy," post free, commencing from Patron: His Honour the Admini- strator. J. C. Archer. Esq.. O.B.E. President: Captain S. H. K. Spurgeon, D.S.O.. O.B.E.. R.A.N. (E/L). Hon. Sec.: C. A. J. McRae. Esq.. c/- (Please add exchange where applicable) Welfare Branch. Darwin. N.T.

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Dat* Lleut.-Comdr. F. G. Evans. R.A.N.V.R Hon. See.: Lieutenant L. Cruise. R.A.N.R.

November. I960 SHIPNAMING WASTE Who has not exclaimed at swing by a frail wife of the the waste when a bottle of chairman of the shipping com- LETTER TO THE EDITOR champagne is broken over the pany. prow to name a ship? Ameri- And to ensure complete satis- faction, the bottle is filled with cans. who dislike buying bubbly The Editor, This great force, as yet only ill the course of a non-alcoholic liquid that to pour into the sea, can now "The N'nvy." formation, may well prove to be the basis for foams exuberantly for the bene- buy champagne-less bottles for peace for a generation or more. Its cost is fit of photographers. the purpose. Deal* Sir, such that only a rich and powerful nation, It is a tradition among sea- MELBOURNE On the market is a long- Having just returned from a visit to the such as the United States, can afford it. men that ships launched with STEAMSHIP necked, beribboned bottle guar- United Kingdom, via the United States, I feel root beer and other non-alco- Throughout our history the Royal Navy has anteed to break — the good that members of the Navy League and, perhaps, CO. LTD. holic beverages groan for the done more to preserve peace for our own omen essential to all successful other readers may be interested ill a few peoples and for the world at large than any Head Office: launehiugs—at even the frailest rest of their days at sea. 91 KING ST., MELBOURNE comments on matters of Naval interest. other source of power. I see no reason for Branches or Agencies Kirst, as a general comment, conditions in concern that the mantle has now fallen on at all ports the United Kingdom show a marked improve- our goal friends in the United States. It Managing Agents (or ment since my last visit three years ago. seems to me that if we in the British Common- HOBSONS BAY DOCK AND Greater prosperity is evident 011 all sides and wealth were to re-appraise the position in ENGINEERING CO. PTY. A. G. BOWMAN PTY. LTD. is more widely spread than perhaps ever before. acceptance of this simple thought we would LTD. Contractors to: Traffic jams, however irritating, clearly demon- make drastic alterations to our current Naval Works: Williamsiown, Victoria programme. HODGE ENGINEERING CO. H.M.A. NAVAL ESTABLISHMENTS strate greater spending power and all the usual PTY. LTD. indicators show widespread industrial and Under such a basic concept we would admit- Works: Sussex St., Sydney CENERAL CLEANERS business activity, with sonic few exceptions, tedly be forced to accept a secondary role, and such as shipbuilding, still bedevilled by indus- but it is surely a matter of first things first. COCKBURN ENGINEERING OFFICES trial disputes, all too often of a trivial nature, The maintenance of sea communications has PTY. LTD. SHOPS anil the oil industry, suffering front world-wide always involved many routine tasks lacking Works: Hines Rd., Fremantle over-production. iu glamour—such as harbour defence, includ- FACTORIES Ship Repairers, etc. (Continued 011 page 4) WINDOWS I cannot speak with any, really intimate knowledge of conditions in the United States, FLATS but. judging by the volume of air and road FLOORS traffic, business activity was, at a high level, in spite of the holiday seiq&m. The exception is the steel industry, em»rently running at BIGGER 61 Station St.. Naremburn - JF 5726 only 55 per cent, of capacity, mainly, it is said, owing to the cut-back in orders from the automobile industry, now swinging over to smaller models. - - CAPSTAN Iu London. I called on the Chairman of the League anil my wife and I spent a most enjoy- in a new, DRI BAR Ml able week-end with him and Lady Edwards at their home near Liss, in Hampshire. It was interesting to learn that, iu spite of compara- modern size tively recent service 11s Commander-in-Chief, COMPRESSED YEAST Mediterranean. Sir Ralph shared our concern at the lack of information regarding the current VACUUM PACKED trend of Naval policy. Ill marked contrast to 'Dribarm' is a special form of compressed yeast, our friends in the United States, our Govern- dried under scientific conditions and carefully ments tell us only what they think is expedient compounded with a suitable yeast food. for its to know, and the reasons for policy deci- Packed to the high specifications of the Australian sions of great moment are too often shrouded Navy. in mystery. Obtainable from: Merchants, Stores, Grocers or This contrast was clearly shown by a full direct from exposition in American magazines and news- papers of the operational plans of the United Mauri Brothers & Thomson (N.S.W. Branch) Pty. Ltd. States Navy to maintain some 15 nuclear sub- marines equipped with "Polaris" missiles 011 2-6 Barrack Street, Sydney — Telephone BX 2601 Rear Admiral H. J. Buchanan. R.A.N. (Retd.), photo- station throughout the oceans of the world. graphed during his tnspctlon of Pearl Harbour.

November. I960 3 i TRUE development of a coni- ing mine-sweeping anil local escort duty, for plicated piece of modern whii'h our current provision, in Australia, at equipment is akin to bringing Underwater Detection least, appears woefully lacking. up a child: it has to be soothed The latest developments as seen by a writer in the English With such thoughts in mind, I found myself through teething troubles and magazine "The Navy": the guest of Admiral 11. G. Hopwood, our last brought to maturity, and you Coral Sea Week visitor, 011 a conducted tour arc never quite sure what its The mine detection break- that it was possible to tell not of Pearl Harbour. These tours are part of-a adult characteristics will be. through has, it is stated, been only at what angle the aero- regular programme of indoctrination for Keeent unofficial reports sug- achieved with a piece of equip- plane was lying on the bottom, Service personnel and their friends to keep gest that naval scientists are ment which can detect objects but also what parts had become alive the memory of the attack on Pearl at present nurturing more than on the' sea bed, even if they separated from the body of the Harbour on 7th December. 1941. The commen- one dream child. One can are only the size of a biscuit wreck. tator was a young seaman who showed a understand the Admiralty's tin. Britain's Underwater Wea- remarkable grasp of the events which he reluctance to comment 011 Since World War 11 both pons Development Establish- described with accuracy and great effect anil matters of research and devel- British and American naval opment. The absence of out- ment at Portland has been with ail obvious sense of their significance in scientists have been experi- concerned with the submarine the world of to-day. right denial, however, gives menting with many methods in credence to the reports and if detection device. This is It was a great privilege to be shown this their endeavour to find a satis- claimed to be uncanny and great Naval Base from within anil to see such we only accept them with reser- factory way of dealing with vation they still point to very incredible — capable of pin- a high state of readiness being maintained, the pressure mine, which the pointing submarines up to 75 not only for the major units, most of significant progress towards Germans introduced at the end vastly improved means of de- miles away, if not farther. It which were at sea. but for the auxiliary vessels of the war. Normally this is known as "The Variable of all types, without which the larger vessels tecting both mines and sub- mine is effective up to a depth marines. Depth Asdic Set", but unoffici- might well remain immobilised. The com- of 50 feet. It is detonated by ally called "The Assassin." parative lack of balance in our own Naval "Britain has made a break- the pressure waves set up by forces is all too evident. through in the problem of the passage over it of a ship's The idea was developed by hull. There has. I know, been some co-operation sweeping pressure mines," says the Canadian Navy and con- between the Naval forces of the British Com- "The Daily Telegraph" naval The experimental equipment sists of a detection device housed in a cage which can be monwealth anil the United States, but it seems correspondent. "West Ger- was tested in the English many is negotiating with Brit- towed submerged astern of to stop short of integration at planning levels. Channel when the Scimitar air- ain for a fantastic new sub- craft which crashed over the anti-submarine frigates, the Perhaps more has been done than we are aware marine detection device" depth at which it is towed of. but in the absence of official information, side of H.M.S. "Victorious" in reports a special correspondent 1958 was located. It was found eliminating the disadvantages I am of the opinion that co-operation at this from Bonn. to be so accurate, it is claimed, imposed by adverse water con- level leaves much to be desired. ditions 011 Asdic gear fitted in A sound plan requires an agreed basic con- a ship's hull. cept. If it can be agreed that we should leave the "Great Deterrent" to our powerful friends The Admiralty has stated and concentrate our own resources 011 the that its range is that of the maintenance of sea communications for the use conventional Asdic under good of ourselves and our allies, within an agreed conditions, but West German sphere of responsibility, we would he making naval authorities who wish to the best possible contribution to what is, I adopt it for use in the Baltic, think, our agreed objective of world peace. where Russia has many sub- marines, consider its perform- What we need is small ships, and plenty of ance "fantastic". One of their them. observers at a demonstration is 11. J. BUCHANAN, reported to have said, "It is uncanny, incredible. With this Rear-Admiral, K.A.N. (Retd.) device it is hard to see how submarines could function in BABCOCK BOILERS the future as they did in the Festival and later "Beat Retreat" at the open ... are used in 900 POST-WAR last war." Navy Beats the Drum day at Garden Island. The Admiralty seems to be The Bands later visited Melbourne. MERCHANT VESSELS and for unduly cautious. If it is only Thfc combined Bands of the Royal Australian over three-quarters of the British half as good as it is claimed Navy gave many displays and recitals in Photograph, which is by courtesy of the to be it would be more than Sydney during Navy Week. They led the "Sydney Morning Herald." shows son the post-war naval programme. ten times as effective as any drummers practising. procession which finalised the Waratah UKKI I WILCOX OF HSTMUft FTY. LTD. HCU OFFICI t NMKIi HUNTS MM, M.W. Asdic set of the last war.

November, I960 i WATSON MEMORIAL doesn't know of any such DIVERS AND DIVING CHAPEL marine animal. The New South Wales State NAVY DIVERS He then told me that the Every year King Neptune finds his kingdom being more disturbed Government has given £500 to "diver" does a three-week the appeal to build a memorial In the last few years mail has tremendously improved both How a Civilian Found Out and What he Wrote course and the "clearance chapel at ll.M.A.S. WATSON. diver" does a 22-week course mechanically and physically his knowledge of the world under Kcar-Admiral (!. C. Oldham, and to train them thoroughly the water. HE strangest thing happened down to Kushcutters Bay, and who accepted the cheque from to me the other day — well what should I see but this grey they get taken to all parts of tllf the coast of America lie has in a specially built craft the Premier, .Mr. Heffron, said T—- it wasn't really just the other boat tied up to a jetty in that the harbour. When they go to descended over five miles under the surface. Here off the he was pleased that the Govern- day! I suppose the sort of thing Navy place down there. You Taylor Bay they are diving Australian coast spear fishermen are becoming so plentiful that ment was backing the Chapel 1 hail been seeing has. in fact, know me. Harry — 1 *m a pretty on the CENTENNIAL, an old one expects to hear every day of an angler hauling one in by Appeal "iu such a generous and been going on for some time, easy going sort of bloke, but. collier that sank in '18. These the seat of his pauts. practical manner." hut I hadn't really taken any I reckon I pay my taxes and to divers do an underwater The glamour of this underwater world is being brought The Appeal, which opened notice of it. It all started my mind this boat never did survey of it and then use it home more and more to the general public by books, films anil in Mav last vear, with a target because I lived at Manly. I seem to do very much con- for demolition training. They television, but few stress the dangers thai arc inherent in this of .€30.000, has alreadv raised travel over to the city and back structive sort of work and I only use small amounts of new field, and the hard training and knowledge that is necessary over £24,000. every day by ferry, except one wanted to know what it was explosive each time so as to to avoid these dangers. Rear-Admiral Oldham said afternoon 1 wasn't feeling too all about. So, 1 went in the not damage any windows In the civilian anil defence spheres, however, this knowledge that Naval personnel had sup- well — I can't imagine what it main gate and you'll never ashore. is being put to more and more use. This is particularly so in ported the Appeal very gene- was — must have been those guess who was standing there! When they go over to the Navy, where the diver, formerly used solely for repair and rously. oysters or — oh! — where was Old George — lie's not really defensive purposes, is every day assuming a more offensive role. Chowder Bay they are doing 1 ? Oh! Yes — well — as 1 was old. I know, but you know their training for long-distance The Navy clearance diver, saying. I wasn't feeling too well who I mean — that bloke who swimming. Apparently these and 1 left work early and came or Frogman, as he is more lives two doors down from me. Clearance Divers can attack home about one o'clock. As the Anyway. I asked liiin what all generally known, is today ships in enemy harbours and ferry came around Bradleys this was about and it seems this requires a long swim trained for many different Head and we approached I had walked into the Navy's underwater so, they start off types of work, including Taylor Hay I heard au almighty Diving School and this boat over iu Chowder Bay just sabotage — coming out of "bang." I must have been was one of their diviuir boats. going up and down until their the sea and blowing up a looking more or less in the right Of course, I was intrigued' gas supply runs out. They keep railway bridge near the direction because just then this up for a long time and there was a flurry of water in bv all the odd bits of things coast, finding out vital I could see lying about and they must better their previous toward shore — and then — day's time every day. The information and then return- well — that was all, really — there seemed to be a lot of ing again to the sea. Then, people about doing all sorts of Officer in Charge also said that except that right where the these "makee - learn" divers again, he must be able to explosion took place was a grey strange activities, when an officer happened to walk by. It start off the day with 20 enter an enemy harbour and boat — I suppose it wits a Navy minutes' rigorous physical attach a limpet mine to the boat really — and there were turned out he was the Officer ill Charge of the Diving School training and then go off for hull of a ship. a lot of people on board and it a swim on the surface, gradu- hail some flags flying and all — George spoke to him. you ally building up to a distance Ill addition, he must be that sort of thing, you know. see, and he came and spoke to of four miles at the end of in a position to render a Well — I didn't pay much me — anyway, after a while the course. mine or bomb safe, even if attention to it really, except he — the officer that it — told it lies many feet under the that every day after that I used me about the place. Just then a Petty Officer, I to see that boat all over the water, or clear a harbour of It seems as though this place think he was. caine across and place. I'm a sort of salesman, is the only Diving School iu said that something was ready underwater obstacles. you might say. and my business the Navy and they train about and the officer said would I To undertake these tasks takes me to various parts of ihe sixty different types of divers like to watch. He called it harbour foreshores, and aS I he must know his equip- each year. He explained that something 1 didn't really catci., was saying, everywhere I went there were two types of divers but we walked over to a large ment. be physically and I saw this boat — Athol Bight — a "diver" who is the man glass tank. This is where I saw mentally fit and prepared to near all those old Navy ships found in a ship and who does people doing things when I undergo strenuous training. that are laid up or something the simple, everyday tasks in came iu and it turned out they — at a buoy in Farm Cove — In the following articles a ship, like clearing inlets, were practising with cutting over in Chowder Bay — near looking at propellers, finding steel plate under the water. I an attempt has been made Neilson Park — everywhere. lost articles, etc. The other is found this a bit hard to believe to show some phases of this •He flies thrown Uw mlr" . . . sad wtth w a clearance diver or "frog- at first, but. sure enough there underwater work and how Frogman Able Seaman Barry Wilson leaps Into a faat-moTtaf dta«hy Well, one day after all this man" as the papers call him, was a guy wearing a sort of in B-ieutters Bay. Picture by court**, of the Sydney Mornln, Herald. men are trained for it. seemed to happen I had to drive but the officer reckoned he aqualung suit under the water THE NAVY November, I9M 1 was large enough for me to are probably six or eight divers in that tank cutting steel plate have to be done every day HOW TO BECOME stand and lay in. The experi- with a sort of oxy-acetylenc above water. This was one of underneath swimming up and ment meant finish to the two torch. I later had it explained them. down just training and train- pilon blocks and they soon to me that all these people ing and training. were reduced to rubble on the Next we saw a man using A DIVER must be capable of doing This chap said tliaf in addi- sea-bed. The remainder of my "air tools" — the sort of underwater all the tasks that tion to the school there was a time in the West was spent on tilings used in salvage of ships Port Diving Party, and they maintenance slips in Reserve or helping submarines that did all the everyday tasks that by a Serving P.O., Diving Section R.A.N. moorings in Careening Cove.. might have had an accident come up in the harbour. 1 must DRAFT. ami arc on the bottom. admit 1 was a bit ignorant as Back to renew old acquain- Always ask for . . . N the summary of '45, I was Over in another corner of to what an everyday task could My mind was never in donbt. tances at the new Diving Flinders bound, for what I this school were some sailors be. but, it seems there is not after my first dip in standard School in Rushcutter. Our Ihoped to be an exciting Naval looking at what I thought were a day goes by without there diving dress, I knew I'd make course instructor. C.P.O. SHELLEY'S career. bombs. I was nearly right — being divers out in the harbour out O.K. in the branch. Sawyers, saw to it we were somewhere working away. For they were mines and these Recruit time passed pleas- "Chowder Bay." where the up to the mark after our FAMOUS DRINKS example, Harry, did you know divers were learning how they antly by in spite of the train- school was located, had all the two months' D2's course. This that every one of the large worked and about all the ing staff. Fresh fruit was qualities a young A.B. desired, was closely followed with a buoys in tile harbour lias to be Obtainable from leading tilings inside them because, as easily come by during the away from everyone, small "P" party course, which was surveyed every so often, and the officer explained, clearance silent hours, and every second boats to potter around in. and my introduction into what is shop* and kalooni this needs divers to inspect divers are also responsible for week-end was spent up the line negative Pussa's routine. now known as clearance div- every link of the cable to bomb and mine disposal. Boy! in Melbourne. 1'nder expert instructors, ing. It was during this course You can have that — these ensure it is sale for ships to I nearly lost my best friend, CORDIAL FACTORY be up to. Every ship that goes Draft out was on everyone's P.O. Kiellv and Harvey, at the guys were fiddling around with end of three months we all P.O. Davies, because of anoxia. into Captain Cook I lock needs mind as winter set in, then it Then and there I decided I fuses of bombs — all just came, H.M.A.S. BATAAN was qualified, and once again waiting for the 1.200 lbs. of divers to bed her down and could never know too much you'd he surprised the number to receive 28 of us. to release waited for the "DRAFT OUT" SHELLEY & SONS T.N.T. to blow up. lie reckoned notice. about the problems of diving, of things there arc that get the H.O.'s anil I began to study much it was as safe as houses, of Luckily, 1 drew the H.M.A. course, and that provided one lost over the side of ships or Life is good to an O.D. on a harder. m. LTD. off jetties and have to be destroyer and soon all of us Boom Depot, Fremantle, my observed simple precautions home port, and a five-month's During the ensuing two one was alright. Anyway, these found. Apparently it's not just were in a "perk" number, my- MURRAY STREET diving job. The team under years in Rushcutter as diving divers have to look for any a matter of standing in a Held self — Captain's motor-boat and looking around for some- cox'n. Those far-away places Lt.-Cdr. Elley consisted of Com. instructor I had the good for- MARJUCKVILLE mines or bombs that arc on r ({unner T. Lace. P.O. 1)2 Brut- tune to work in the Bunnerong the bottom of the harbour and thing. because 90 r of the appeared as in a dream, night NAW. harbour is thick, black, oozy watches, cook of the mess, and nal. Frigar. A.B. Smith and my- Power House water supply when I see them around in self. tunnels. The team under Sen. different places, though I may mini that comes up to your overtime were only stepping 'Phone: LA MCI Our job was to demolish two Com. Bos'n Homewood con- sec that grey boat on top there armpits in places and you can't stones to gain the pleasure of see two inches in front of. It visiting foreign ports. boom defence block pilons. lay- sisted of L/sea Jones, L/Sto must be like looking for a box ing on the harbour bed in the Purdv and myself and a crane of matches in a strange house Eventually I was surrounded entrance to Fremantle Har- driver from the motor pool. with friends who'd taken the at night with all the lights bour. The block sections of Our job was to locate and easy way out and had received turned off. the pilons were 24ft. x 24ft. x clear an obstruction in the a gunnery rate to wear on 18ft. of reinforced concrete tunnel. To reach the tunnel their right arms. Next came WINNS I was listening to all this mounted on reinforced con- we had to be lowered, fully the radar rates flashing their and all about how these divers crete piles down 14ft. into the dressed, by crane down a. 50ft. new badges. A few of us are all volunteers and must be harbour bed. manhole, complete our search "THE BIG FRIENDLY STORES" who'd always been together under 25 and extremely tit and be hoisted up again. had these rates last on the list, The piles were easily shifted, when I happened to glance at and were waiting for butchers using necklace charges at the On my first dip I had trouble Courtesy and service give a pleasant glow to my watch — ami boy — did and sailmakers to leave the top near the block and the in getting back to the crane I scoot. I'd been there for ages, service. bottom near the sea-bed. wire because of a very strong Business, and WINNS like to do Business that but I'll be hack. The blocks could not be current. On making the wire, Luckily, one morning I in- my. In that spirit they are happy to serve you. Must admit, Harry — it was penetrated with conventional I was hauled up only to be curred my Divisional Officer's an eye-opener for me. Every Naval charges until P.O. Brut- trapped by my helmet being displeasure and was threatened time 1 go across the harbour nal hit on the bright idea of caught between the platform with a draft to the diving or near it I see one or some of pressurising tins with air ejf the crane and the top of the school for course. 1 acted as WINNS, Oxford Street, Sydne these diving boats and it sure placed under the charges. Suc- tunnel. A sneaky reporter got though horrified at the thought gives you a kick to really know cess led to success and we tried hold of the story and played it and succeeded in arriving there what it's all about now. a 25-pounder on top of an M.T. up. & Branches in July. 1948. 5-gall paint drum: the hole See you, Harry — must get Our second attempt was sue- home. Nov«mb«f, I960 * THE NAVY eessful and we cleared an ob- struction 17ft. long: by lift, How / became a Diver in wide made of wood. The suc- cess raised our morale when we eventually found out civy div- the R.A.N. ing firms had been unable to do it. EFORE I joined the Navy our time aboard we were mus- That word again (D !) B I was a fisherman all up tered and told what courses we and I was on the Vengeance and down the east toast of were to do. I was to become mixing with the "birdies"; bul Australia and often our nets an A AM Gunnery. I had not for long, soon we becamc would foul up on the bottom. already had a taste of it and ilie floating sports ground. I would think to myself, if only was certain in my mind I I could go down and free them. wouldn't become a gunnery In harbour, naturally, most I'd seen a diver at work in rate. 1 requested to get out minds turned to elbow bending, of the course, but the Com- except for M.E. McKay and Jervis Bay. where an Island trader had gone aground, and mander explained diving was McDonald, who cajoled me into only a cuff rate and secondary. becoming senior hand of the I made up my mind to become a diver there and then. I Gunnery is the heart of the Vengeance Spear-fishing Club. Navy, " (Jet in it. lad." My efforts in this field were asked all around the fishing blessed by (.'apt. Beecher and boats, trying to find out where I went off to Gunnery School ('dr. Stephenson and sooir-the to become a diver; all I got with a heavy heart and deter- Club boasted 75 members. was silly answers; most said I mined not to do the Gunnery was sick in the head and to Course. 1 paled up with two During this commission, forget it. At last I was told other boys in the Course who whilst at I'ort Phillip Bay, I by a diver, the only place to were not interested in Gun- helped in the rescue of 23 O.D.'s learn diving properly was in nery. We decided to give them whose cutter had sunk. Later the Navy. hell, between us we did. in the day the Vengeance div- I talked five other boys ing team returned to the We went through G.I. like around the boats into joining scene, located and salved-^he a baby goes through napkins. up with me. We left the boats cutter. For my part in the But. needless to say, they left in Eden and headed fofc rescue I was awarded the their mark on us; that old six- Sydney; on arrival. I pulled a B.E.M.. which was presented inch shell sure got heavy after sailor up and asked what it was to me bv Admiral Sir George awhile, or holding the old .303 like. His reply was. "Bloody E. C'reasv. A.F., O.C.B.. C'.B.E., extended full arms length awful, keep out of it. mate." D.S.O.. H.V.O.. on board II.M.S. above the head on tile double VICTORY in Portsmouth. U.K. Nevertheless, we found the sure made the knees buckle. recruiting booth and. to my The Course changed its name When the VENGEANCE surprise. I was the only one from M.A. to Q.Ij. and during arrived in I'.K.. I went happily accepted. That night I found this period I had a run in with on draft to the R.N. Diving myself on a train with fifteen a leading hand doing a course. School. H.M.S. VERNON, to other boys bound for Flinders. Snow Davies. nosv Sub-Lt. spend what turned out to be the Naval Depot. There I spent Da vies, was in charge of our hardest working two and a half six long months learning how- mess. He told me I would never years of my life. I endured it to become a seaman. At last make the diving school with a li.cause of mpanionship we passed out and were bad set of papers; to date they shown to liic by every clear- drafted to the training ship were clear. I'd got away with ance diver with whom I came II.M.A.S. AUSTRALIA, where murder. Alan Davies said I into contact. Nothing was any I found the people I'd been was just plain lucky, but it trouble to them when I needed looking for — the Divers. wouldn't hold out for ever. He information or help, and I I soon became great friends told me all about the diving needed both frequently. with them — L/8 Wally Sin- school and what was required, On return to Australia. I was clair; the Passionate French- he said he would sec what he drafted to the diving school man. L/S Andre Corlay; L/S could do in getting me into and took lip instructing, in Big C'vril Smith — they were the Diving School (the selected earnest under Lt.-Cdr. Drum- a happy bunch and really •few. as I was to learn later). A ytrtinjp spear fisherman went flshln, off Sydney recently. but Instead offi.h he the *k«t Awn niond, R.N. boosted my ideas of becoming ( I pulled my head in and above. In yon dont roeocnlse it. they ell then. Sono Buoys and they are dropped from During my time I've seen the a diver. My time ill II.M.A.S. to detect submarines. They are fitted with detection fear and radio to send their report, to the aircraft qualified G.L. and was placed that drops them. changeover from Tin Hat Div- AI'STRALIA was happy and on draft immediately to (Courtesy S.M.H.I ing to Clearance Diving. passed quickly. At the end of II.M.A.S. BATAAN, under the 32 THE NAVY November, I960 II command of Cdr. Bracegirdle. railway iron and various other passionate Frenchman, Andre I did my best aboard her. hop- tasks. Carboy, who had just handed ing all the time I would get a I drew the ehiselling wire in his rate, also one of my old draft to the diving school. and while in the process the class-mates was there. M/A While in Korea my draft came O.I.C. placed his hand 011 mv Harris; it was here, while rais- out and I was really glad. On job to feel how I was going. I ing a fifty-ton lighter iu 60ft. returning to Australia I left didn't see this as he was de- anil using Cox Belt gun. that H.M.A.S. BATAAN and joined liberately stirring up the mud. A/B Harris blew both his ear H. M. A. S. RUSIK.'UTTEK. I felt the seven lb. hammer drums. After my draft ill I met five hit something soft and 1 said The job was 11 success, but other ratings who were also to myself. '* Missed." At last 011 reaching the surface the there for the course. it was through and I was lighter had too much air iu and called up. and as I came up turned turtle and sank once We were introduced to the the ladder I could see all eyes Officer iu Charge of Diving again. on me. The face glass was re- Air was always scarce, as the School. Lt. .1. W. Ilomewood. newed and I ivas informed by and Port Diving Officer. Sub- natives hated the pumps; on the P.D.O., amidst roars of one occasion, with A/B Law- let. Lovell, and our Instructor, laughter, that 1 could consider now C.P.O. Koord. We were rence at !>!>ft. anil two pumps, myself dipped, as I had belted the natives went 011 strike. Lt. put to work immediately as the O.l.C.'s hand. All five of pump hands on D.B.I, and I P. G. Williams and myself us qualified, but we remained brought him up 011 one pump. was quick to learn it was a in the Diving School for quite hard job pumping air. I also This was the last time we used awhile doing port diving duties. natives for pump hands. learnt that the last class hail When we had passed, the divers failed, only one passed. — a treated us as equals and 1 had It was here I linked my first Rocky Sub. I didn't like my at long last made the selected dive to three hundred feet in chances, but I made up my few. an B.C.C. aboard the r.s.s. mind, there and then, to pass TEST. She had hit a reef, or die in the attempt. I went 011 draft to H.M.A.S. tearing off her Port A VENGEANCE, where I joined Bracket and folding up her The course got under way forces with C.P.O. Foord once screw. She had three divers with twenty-two starters. T again. A/D Lawrence and A/M aboard, but all had developed was the youngest, and. after Brewman. Whilst in VEN- some sort of sickness after see- a brief lecture on diving, we GEANCE 1 helped salvage one ing the amount of surface offal were shown a Patt. 3N85 div- of her motor cutters which and sharks around. I did tlic ing set and how to put it to- sank in Port Phillip Bay. Lt - inspection alone and was time 1 heard the talk of the which I was employed was at gether. We then put it 011 and Cdr. Jarrett received the awarded the R.C.C. dip in re- with a forty lb. front weight Clearance Diving Team they Maekay, Queensland — the O.B.K. and C.P.O. Foord, the turn. were going to start. I tried to Fokker Friendship, T.A.A. air- under our right arm we B.E.M. From there we went THOMAS A fortnight later. M.V. find out all I could about it. liner, which crashed into the doubled and marched for forty north and did a demolition job MALAITIA bumped into Sead- but was told it was only a trial sea, with all lives lost. The minutes. This was known as at Honiara, blowing up barges. ler Harbour with a hatch and wouldn't last in the R.A.N. officer in command of the team. ROBINSON & the heart test, breathing was M.W.L. and pontoon, clearing cover in her main Intakes. It However, it did last. The Lt. S. Wright (L.W.). For this difficult and only nine were left the way for a wharf. standing at the end of the run. took myself and M/A Lawrence old standard diving went out. job the whole team were given SON PTY. LTD. The course carried on with the The job completed, we pro- eight hours to clear it. I qualified C.l). and have just a Naval Board Commendation. • nine till only five were left. ceeded to Rjihaul. where 1 met I was drafted from TARAN- completed a draft with the Diving for a long time has my instructors for the first GAU back to the diving school E.A.M.. C.D.T . under the com- been stationary in the R.A.N., The pump hands and the time. ex-P.O. Harry Bruttral. at H.M.A.S. RUSIItTTTER. mand of Lt. B. Wilcox. It was but now I believe clearance FLOUR MILL AND qualified divers treated 11s like who was diving for a living in where I went to work for my with this team I was able to diving will go a long way in dirt. There was no brew for the area. I got quite a lot of old boss, Sub-Lt. Lovell, and attend the helicopter which the next few years and become WOOD-WORKING •he class or dinner. 110 matter hints about diving in the tropics while doing a routine inspec- sank at Melton Weir in Vic- a great asset to the Royal Aus- how cold the day. we were kept from I'.arry and found every tion of C.C. Dock I was toria. It was here that the tralian Navv, as each day ENGINEERS busy at all times. Two nights one to be very true when the attacked by a stingray, receiv- clearance diving equipment divers are becoming more • a week were compulsory in- ship went to the Admiralty ing wounds to the feet anil shoue over the other types and essential to a world of nations struction. The time came for Islands. chest. I received three stitches methods of searching. The who are looking under the sea 160 SUSSEX STREET passing out under water and At H.M.A.S. TARANGAU, in iny left breast and one near water was the darkest I have for protection. the O.I.C. himself got dressed A B Lawrence and myself my wind pipe. ever encountered; it was just Of the shallow water divers SYDNEY to watch us perforin our tasks as black at 10ft. as at 70ft. 011 were left behind to dive under While healing up, I was given I trained, there are seven quali- NAW. of drilling plate, hammer and the command of Lt. P. G. Wil- the job of instructing shallow the bottom of the weir. fied clearance divers. at chiselling wire, hack-sawing liams. Once again I met the water divers, and during this The last job of interest 011 present in the R.A.N.

THE NAVY November, I960 made under ideal conditions. In practical the dress, llis air supply enters his helmet diving for pearl shell or sponges, however, by means of a rubber hose connected to a the limit is usually ahuut 1J minutes and the source of compressed ail' which supplies it depth of the dive as u rule does not exceed at a pressure appropriate to the diver's depth 75 feet. under water. By means of hii adjnstable air lu his writings of about 360 B.C., Aristotle escape valve oil his helmet, the diver can referred to a device which was lowered front regulate the escape of spent and excess air, time to time to a diver in order that he might thus accelerating his descent on the one hand replenish his store of nir. From Aristotle's or inflating his dress to the extent that he description, one assumes that it was in the becomes buoyant and rises to the surface. shape of a heavy Dell which'enclosed air and. To overcome natural buoyancy and provide when lowered to the diver, provided him with hint with sufficient deadweight to give him a reservoir into which he could place his stability when on the bottom, the helmet diver head and breathe fresh air. This, no doubt, wears heavy filetal boots and carries leaden was the forerunner of the (living bell built by weights on his back and chest. The whole of Dr. Ilalley. Secretary of the Royal Society, his personal equipment weighs about 160 lbs. in 169(1. Within this bell the diver or divers in nir. Usually his first sensation on entering could remain seated and dry, breathing freely the water is of relief from the deadweight in an atmosphere that was constantly that he was carrying prior to submerging. replenished by a series of barrels, and observ- In New South Wales, the use of this type ing their surroundings through windows in of equipment is controlled by regulations the walls or through the «pcn bottom of the under the Scaffolding and Lifts Act. which bell. The diving bell is still used for certain provides tor very stringent precautions to be types of salvage and construction work but observed in order to safeguard the health of it is rarely seen in commercial ports. divers. Periodical testing of equipment and About the year 1500. Leonardo da Vinci regular medical examination of operators are wrote of many devices lor enabling a man to obligatory under the terms of the regulations, work under water but, like so many of his which also contain rules covering such matters inventions, they were not put to practical use. as the amount of air to be supplied to divers working at various depths, the time to be It is recorded that on th* day of the great spent in decompression whilst ascending to eclipse in 1715, John Lethhridge of Newton the surfaced the order of dressing and Abbot began his experiments in diving by undressing of the diver and other general clambering into a hogshead in which he was precautionary measures to be observed by all sealed for half an hour. Later the device was taking part in the diving operations. fitted with armholcs and a glass observation panel. After half an hour under water, it The Board employs up to four men who have Maritime Services Board Standard Dress Divers photographed underwater. would be raised to the surface and a fresh been specially trained in diving. Their work supply of air would be blown in' to the as divers is intermittent, and when not diving operator by bellows, thus allowing him to they are employed as bridge and wharf continue his work. With this primitive carpenters. Each diver is furnished with a contraption lie dived oil wrecks in many parts punt which houses the manually operated air BENEATH of the world and. it is stated, went on to make pump and provides him with shelter while his fortune. changing. He is attended by an assistant culled a tender, who dresses and undresses lu 1H19. a German named Siebc introduced him. pays out his air hose and life line while the diving dress and helmet. His first dress the diver is submerged, remains in communi- THE was an open type, the air being supplied cation with him either by telephone or by under pressure to the helmet and escaping hand signal on the life line and constantly from the dress at the waistline. This was watches to see if the diver needs assistance. By J. A. Stuart, M.I.E.. Aust., M. Inst, T,; followed in 1837 by his closed dress which, Two men operating the hand pump make Deputy Engineer-in-chief SURFACE with his helmet, constituted the diving outfit up the crew of four. In addition to its which became standard throughout the world carpenter-divers, some of the Board's civil 'Reprinted from Port of Sydney." by courtesy Maritime Services Board) anil has remained in general use. practically engineers have been trained in the use of this without alteration, until the present day. The type of equipment and use it for submarine IVING, in its simplest form, is as old as Ill unassisted diving, the diver relics for his diver's dress is of heavy waterproof fabric inspection work. D man's ability to swim, but the history of underwater endurance on his ability to store so that the wearer remains dry and. when man's practical attempts to perfect an air in his lungs and to conserve it by avoiding necessary, lie is kept warm by means of heavy The development of self-contained under- apparatus which would assist him to move and unnecessary exertion. Times in excess of 4} woollen clothing which lie dons before entering water breathing apparatus during the last breathe freely under water is relatively short. minutes have been recorded for single dives November. I960 It 32 THE NAVY war enabled the various countries at war to other hand, for tasks which require the train teams of "Frogmen" for combat work. application of human effort and require the Freed of dependence on air hose and leaden diver to resist the run of the tide, the under- Divers Preparing to Make an Underwater Inspection weights, these men could swim for long water stability provided by the great weight distances and to record depths, taking their of the helmet equipment is neeesssarv. This supply of air or oxygen with them. Of various applies in particular to such underwater systems which have come into general use, operations as sawing through heavy timber, the simplest and probably the best known is hauling in a heavy line, manhandling heavy that devised by the Frenchman Cousteau. His gear and tools. first set of equipment was mailt' and used in France in 194.'! without arousing the suspicions The physiological aspects of diving are or interest of the occupying forces. In his book worth a little consideration. Atmospheric — The Silent World — Cousteau tells of many pressure is about 14.7 lbs. per square inch exciting exploits carried out by means of his (one atmosphere). At 33 feet deep, the gear, t'nlike the systems used for combat work pressure on the body increases to 2 atmos- which employ oxygen in a closed circuit to pheres and at 6ti feet to 3 atmospheres. A free avoid leaving tell-tale bubbles and to give or unassisted diver descending to 66 feet with greater underwater endurance, Cousteau's his lungs full of air would have the volume of system uses air compressed in cylinders to a his air reduced to one-third by the pressure pressure ol 120 atmospheres. Similar equip- at that depth. Conversely, an aqua-lung ment is readily obtainable today and is widely operator who fills his lungs with air at 66 used for recreational purposes. The Board has feet then ejects his mouthpiece and ascends recently acquired a number of aqua-lung sets while holding his breath would risk serious which are regularly used by its engineers for injury from the threefold expansion of air underwater inspections. Each set includes two in his lungs, For that reason, divers who are steel bottles, each containing 411 cubic feet of obliged to make a free ascent do so with the air stored at a pressure of 12(1 atmospheres. mouth open. This is sufficient to enable the diver to remain A little consideration will quickly dispel underwater for about an hour and twenty the notion that it is possible to roam the depths minutes at shallow depths. The necessary while breathing free air through a hose reduction in pressure is achieved by means of extending from tlx mouth to the atmosphere. a demand valve-reducer unit which breaks Induction of air is achieved by expanding the it down from 1.8011 to about 120 pounds per chest against the pressure of the water which square inch in the first stage and then delivers surrounds it. and a depth of only two or three it at lung suction from the second stage. The feet is sufficient to convince one of the diver breathes and exhales through a rubber impracticability of sucking in free air when mouthpiece, which is gripped between the the body is under pressure. teeth and is connected by means of flexible tubes to the demand valve. One air cylinder In his monumental work — Deep Diving and is held in reserve and used to replenish the Submarine Operations — Sir Robert II. Davis tells an amusing story which concerned cylinder in use as it becomes depleted. By « A this means, the diver is unlikely to find himself certain City Councillors who visited the without a reserve of air. workings of a new tunnel to celebrate its The aqualung operator carries his air supply In high pressure cylinders In a back and ileal- completion. The work was being carried shoulder harness, enabling him to move underwater without restriction. The aqua-lung equipment is very slightly out under compressed air and. in consequence, champagne opened and consumed for the into the trapped air. There he removed his waving of the sub-marine vegetation, bnt in buoyant, that is. it has no weight when occasion lacked effervescence and was declared submerged. The diver wears a belt of lead facepiece and imbibed at leisure refreshed by the deeper water the stillness is profound and to be flat. However, as the Councillors under- fresh air pumped from above, his lifeline the quiet is disturbed only by the rhythm of weights, usually 8 to 10 pounds, so that when went decompression on leaving the workings fully equipped and submerged lit- has neutral secured to a convenient stanchion to prevent one's breathing. The fish glide rather than the deferred effervescence took place, causing his attendant from hauling hiin aloft. buoyancy. This enables him to move freely swim and some of them, inquisitive, come considerable physical discomfort anil embar- right up to one's face but, if one reaches for from one depth to another by means of his The silent world of Cousteau is a new world rassment. He tells also of a diver who was them, they are gone in a flash but without flippers and to make a survey of the bottom to many and. for those who explore it. one of examining a wreck with the aid of helmet gear. tremendous interest. Even in its shallower sound. Froed of weight and buoyancy, able without walking on it and stirring up silt Each time lie ascended he showed symptoms reaches in Sydney Harbour it is impressive to breathe freely beneath the surface and to which would obscure his view For that reason, of intoxication but this seemed to be in its beauty and. above all, in its quietness. glide fishlike rather than to walk, it is easy this gear has great advantages over the helmet impossible. However, having found a pocket No matter how the wind blows or how to shed the cares of city life for a short time equipment when used for inspection work. of air trapped in the wreck, the diver had disturbed the surface of the water may be. and to identify oneself with the shy but mildly Moreover, it is much faster i;i use and does broached the submerged cargo of whisky and below the surface it is quiet and still. In the inquisitive fellow inhabitants of the silent lot require the same number of men. On the moved to a position which brought his helmet shallows, there may be a slow and gentle world-

It THE NAVY November, I960 17 H.M.A.S. TOBRUK "PAYS OFF" As It went straight through a Ten Years of Service ends galley, but fortunately no one was injured, but the torpedo An adventurous career has II.M.A.S. TOBRUK was built ended ill the ship's sick bay. ended for Royal Australian at Cockatoo Dock almost ten Xavv, Battle Class destroyer, years ago. It was a freak accident. II.M.A.S. TOBRUK. Her career has been studded TOBKl'K was again "in the Now lying at Garden Island. with thrills. news" recently. Sydney, TOBKl'K has been TOBRl'K saw service in the While exercising with the "paid off" and will go into Korean War and was oil several Fleet off Jervis Bav on Septem- operation reserve. tours of duty with the South- ber 14. TOBRUK was holed East Asian Strategic Reserve. Announcement of TOBKl'K "S when struck by one shell of four "paying off" was made by the During the Korean War salvoes fired bv II.M.A.S. TOBRl'K engaged mainly in Minister for flic Navy. Senator ANZAC. shelling shore batteries, instal- None of the crew was injured, Gorton. lations and trains. Senator Gorton said Tobruk but a frogman who dived into Around the Malayan area she the flooded enginerooni to turn would he put into operational bombarded terrorist hideouts. reserve so that its technical off steam valves was burned by TOBRUK was attacked steam. specialists could provide nucleus several times, but no enemy fire' crews for the sea trials of two hit her. His action enabled TO- new Type 12 frigates. BKl'K'S pumps to work at full Several times she drove off pressure. These new anti-submarine attackers. frigates. II.M.A.S. PARRA- But she did not escape TOBRUK was taken in tow MATTA and II.M.A.S. unscathed during her service. by ANZAC and was tempor- YARRA. were due to start Three times she suffered arily repaired at Jervis Bay to their sea trials soon. damage, each under unusual enable her to steam under her II.M.A.S. PARRAMATTA, circumstances. own power to Sydney on which had been built in Sydney, During exercises off Singa* September 16. would begin her sea trials in pore in 1955 two star shells Flying a 370-feet "paying November. YARRA. built in from a RoYal Navy destrovcr off" pennant she berthed at Williamstowr. Naval Dockyard struck TOBRUK. Garden Island. in Melbourne, would start sea Two were killed and seven It was a dramatic end to I rials early next year. injured. TOBRUK'S final exercises. Food tastes better H.M.A.S. TOBRUK

Enters Sydney Harbour Flying food is Her "Paying Off" Pennant. A Seaslug Guided Missile better with leaves a trail of smoke as It Tile patch OI1 the side indi- roars off the launcher H.M.S. cates where a shell from GIRDLENESS. the Royal ANZAC accidentally holed the Navy's Guided Missile ship, to seek out and destroy its Good ship. target—a pilotless plane. The The speed with which repairs missile is being fitted in four Beer were effected reflects great ships of the Hampshire Class. credit on the Damage Control team and on their training. FOSTER'S LAGER ABBOTS LACER MELBOURNE BITTER VICTORIA BITTER

THE NAVY November, I960 IffTT*" ~—~~ ' ' ii DUTCH CARRIER VISITS SYDNEY Under the Red Duster R.A.N, and Merchant Navy Liaison

Recently the Naval Board began a scheme which in both peace and war is bound to have far-reaching beneficial results. Selected Lieutenant-Commanders and Lieutenants of the Seaman Special- isation are loaned to various shipping companies to serve in Australian Merchant ships for voyages lasting up to one month. TPHE long range benefits iu can handle tankers drawing up Roast turkey, followed by a practical sense will be to 36 feet. fresh strawberries and ice- more marked for the Navy, as A buoying system and an ercam for Sunday dinner, con- a solid core of officers will underwater pipeline nearing vinced the man from the "Grey mature with a first hand know- completion will cope with super Funnel Line" that his opposite ledge and understanding of the tankers up to 45.000 tons. numbers from the M.N. catered functions, capabilities, limita- for the needs of the inner mail. tions and problems of the Mer- Busman's Holiday Begins The next day. January 13, chant Service. Lieutenant Dowling was im- the tanker cleared for the voy- pressed from the beginning. Of age to Sumatra, north-bound Hut it is by no means a one- 12,624 tons, the "William G. sided bargain, and mutual up the east coast of Australia, Walkley" lias a deadweight then through the Torres Strait benefits will include a closet- capacity of 18,000 tons and can relationship between the two and across the Arafura and take on oil with pumps at the Java Seas. vital sea forces and bonds of rate of 2.000 tons per hour friendship and a sense of "to- In the event of pump failure, getherness" that will make a Heated Oil gravity loading can be carried virile, litited front at all times. on at a rate of about 1,500 tons This was no idle cruise in per hour. The high rate of in- sun-drenehed tropic waters. Lt. Dowling Chosen take and discharge permits a Once at sea, preparations began f The first officer to be chosen rapid turn - around of the* "r receiving the cargo of black gold. Tanks were flushed out for one of these enviable tanker, but leaves 110 time for with fresh water and the ship appointments was Lieutenant "goofing" at either terminal. "gas - freed". High - pressure A. R. Dowling, R.A.N. Four deck officers (including the captain), seven engineers hoses washed down each of the He joined M.T. "William G. 24 tanks and the oily water Walkley." owned by the Antpol anil one electrical officer, are carried. Of these only four was pumped into a tank set Petroleum <"'o. Ltd., at Kurnell aside as a "slop" tank. Refinerv on Tuesday. January were Australians, but Lieuten- 12. ant Dowling was warmly wel- At the captain's discretion comed and quickly felt at home. certain tanks are kept filled This tanker (with M.T. "Les- The mate was an officer in the with water for ballast. Empty lie J. Thompson" and two ottler R.N.R.. having served in H.M. tanks, after washing, are left tankers under charter) is ships "Bulwark" and "Whit- open until just before arrival engaged in carrying crude oil bv". and the second mate had in Sumatra, and wind sails are from the Midas oilfields in Sum- commanded H.M.A.S. "Glen- rigged to help them to dry out. atra to the A.O.R. Refinery at clg" during the war. While these tanks are empty, Kurnell (Botany Bay). The accommodation was ex- an inspection and any neces- Here the crude oil is mixed tremely clean and spacious— sary repairs are carried out with the cargoes of the Caltex indeed, even luxurious. The on the steam-drench system, and Golden Fleece tankers, re- Naval "learner" was eon- suction pipes and heating coils. The Flagship of the Netherlands Navy, the Aireraft Carrier, KARRI. DOORMAN, recently fined, and the petroleum and ducted to his qtiart«rs. which These coils maintain the tem- called into Sydney on a four-day goodwill visit. oils sold hack to the oil com- proved to be, in fact, a suite. perature of the oil cargo at panies, who add their own pat- Amidships were an eye-catch- about 80 degrees Fahrenheit, KAREL DOORMAN, formerly H.M.S. VENERABLE, has recently visited Dutch New ented "additives". ing and comfortable dining keening the oil at a low vis- Guinea and is returning to Holland. With a large area of shallow saloon and smoke-room. A cosity to permit rapid pumping. To many survivors of H.M.A.S. PERTH, the name was familiar, as the ship was named water, Botanv Bay is bv no swimming pool and cinema Shortly after entering the after Rear Admiral Doorman, who was in command of the combined Allied Fleet, consisting means ideal for the site of a shows are provided as exlra southern end of the Malacca of ships from the Dutch. Australian. British an i American Navies. refinery, but a half-mile jetty amenities. Strait the tanker was in en-

20 THE NAVY Nov.mb.i-, I960 21 clotted waters, proceeding up ful planning on trim and a Southward bound and the the long, tricky channel to critical watch on draught is tropic heat became more bear- SURPRISE FOR DIRECTOR OF WRANS Dumai. essential. In 1- hours 17,500 able as Lieutenant Dowling Situated oil the east coast of tons was gulped into the long, spent more of his off-watch Sumatra, about 150 miles from sleek tanker. hours in the large pool rigged Singapore, this port offers none A supreme moment of achieve- forward of the bridge. Now, of the delights of that flitter- ment came the Naval officer's instead of cleansing tanks, all ing city. way. as next morning he luinds turned to on chipping It consists of a small native assisted Captain Lord iu taking and painting. village and the oil installations the deep-laden tanker down And so on Sunday, February built and run by Caltex, but that menacing channel out of 14. a spick-and-span tanker it is the Indonesian port from Dumai. Such a craft seemed arrived in Botany Hay, edged which all the crude oil tor the u n w i e I d y and reealeitrant alongside the lonu: jetty and Kurnell refinery is taken. The after the hair-trigger response began to discharge her cargo at channel has been excellently of Naval craft. 2300 the same night. buoyed by Caltex, the installa- A brief stop-over at Singa- tions are very modern, there is pore lightened the demanding Lieutenant Dowling parted plenty of water off the berth score of sea-time, loading and from new "old'' friends with a and tugs are available. The oil more sea-time. major feeling of regret. In 33 itself is piped from the Midas Now the < 'hinese crew, in par- days he had passed through his fields inland. ticular. bad their material "niakee-learnee" phase and The "William (i. Walklcv" reward. These impassive, hard- had eome to identify himself was taken over by a Norweg- working Orientals sign on as with the tightlv-knit, compe- ian pilot and manoeuvred into crew-men in Hong Kong during tent band who live their lives the only available berth. Then, the tanker's biennial refit in above a deadly cargo—a for the next three hours, the that port, and the condition of nation's life blood in peace and water ballast was pumped out all weather-decks and super- war. and the No. 1 target for and the loading of crude oil structures (six hands only the enemy when the free world began. being responsible here) bear is forced to take up arms to With the intake rate exceed- sparkling testimony of their ensure man's eontinued free- ing 1,500 tons per hour, care- speed and thoroughness. dom. WRANS Entry DIRECTOR OF WRANS INSPECTS Age Reduced NAVY LEAGUE JOIN THE The Women's Royal Austra- SYDNEY ESTABLISHMENTS lian Naval Service has reduced During a recent visit of in- executive Officer of H.M.A.S. the entry age by one year. spection to Naval Establish- Rl SHCl'TTER. Lieut.-Cdr. R. Girls of seventeen can now ments in Sydney, where Clark-Smith. The object of the Navy League in Australia, like sea training to end instilling naval training in boys WRANS were employed, the At a Press interview during join the service. Director of WRANS, Chief its older counterpart, the Navy League in Britain, who intend to serve in Naval or Merchent services her visit, Chief Officer Streeter is to insist by all means at its disposal upon the and also to those sea-minded boys who do not The reduction in the age Officer Joan Streeter got quite a surprise when she was trans- told reporters that there was vital importance of Sea Power to the British intend to follow a sea career, but who, given this limit has been taken to attract knowledge, will form a valuable Reserve for the ported in a workboat entirely no difficulty in gettiug young Commonwealth of Nations. The League sponsors girls direct from school and to the Australian Sea Cadet Corps by giving technical Naval Service. manned by WRANS. women for the WRANS — the increase the average '"life" of The League consists of Fellows (Annual or Life) and Associates. This is the first time that a difficulty was in keeping them. WRANS. All British subjects who signify approval to the objects of the League are eligible. boat manned by WRANS has "They all get married." she been used, in peace time, on said. "I never know the MAY WE ASK YOU TO JOIN and swell our members so that the Navy League in Australia may be A survey showed that many widely known and exercise an Important influence in the life of the Australian Nation? girls left school with a dosire Sydney Harbour. The photo- strength of our "branch of the For particulars, contact The Secretary, 66 Clarence Street, Sydney, N.S.W. to join the WRANS, but were graph shows, from left to right. Service, it changes from day or The Secretary, Room 8, 8th Floor, 528 Collins Street, Melbourne, C.I, Victorie loath to leave, when they Leading Wrnn Ruth Holmes. to day. Easter and Christmas or one of the Hon. Secretaries at: reached eighteen, an interim Leading Wran Joan Baker. are the worst times, for most • Box 376E, G.P.O., Brisbane, Queensland • 30 Pirie Street, Adelaide, S.A. job which they may have ob- Second Officer 1'. J. McNamara, of the girls seem to pick these • 726 Sandy Bey Rd„ Lower Sandy Bay, Hobart • 62 Blencowe St., West Leederville, W.A. tained. Chief Officer J. Streeter and the occasions to get married." • P.O. Box 90, Derwin, N.T. • 60 Limestone Ave., Ainslie, Canberra, A.C.T. 23 22 THE NAVY Nov.mb.r, I960 currents, and the problem of establishing radiation waste- R.A.N.S PARI IN OCEAN RESEARCH dumps on the ocean floor. An Australian scientist be- Dr. Humphrey, who returned Dr. Humphrey said the re- lieves Australia is on the to Sydney by air recently from sults of studies already under The Royal Australian Navy About sixty per cent, of verge of making important Umdon. said Australia was way indicated that Australia is adjusting its officer training graduates of the college who scientific discoveries in the among the leading nations would soon be in a position to programme to keep pace with became Lieutenant-Commanders in the future could look forward Indian Ocean. carrying out scientific studies cut out all fish imports. the complexities of a scientific and technological age. to promotion to the higher The scientist. Dr. (feorge in the Indian Ocean. A vast, untouched reservoir of fish had recently been dis- The Minister for the Navy. ranks of the service. Humphrey, is Chief of the Di- Research in the immediate covered on the north-west Senator Oorton, said recently The Royal Navy had also set vision of Fisheries and Ocean- future could reveal important coast of Western Australia. that the Royal Australian Naval a new higher standard for its ography of the C.S.I.R.O. information about fish reserves. Dr. Humphrey said he would College would have to attain future officers to cope with the ask the Federal Government to even higher graduation stand- growing complexity of modern ards so that its graduates could ships and armaments. WE ARE SUPPLIERS OF SEA FRESH LOCAL FISH take part in a conference later this year to establish an inter- eope with the demands of It was important for Aus- and national authority for co- future ships and weapons. tralia to achieve the same Direct Importers of United Kingdom and Continental ordinating research in the In- Beginning next year, the academic standards as the Royal dian Ocean. college syllabus would be Navy, because of the training He said: "Our knowledge of adjusted to put more emphasis undertaken in Britain by QUICK-FROZEN FISH the Indian Ocean is two-hun- on pure academic subjects, R.A.N, officers. Senator J. G. Gorton Wholesale Suppliers to Hotels and Restaurants dred years behind our know- particularly science. In the future, the structure ledge of all the other oceans. Senator Oorton said the of the training schedule may WE SPECIALISE IN SHIPS PROVIDORING l)r. Humphrey said Austra- higher graduation standards have to be adjusted to retain He said the Naval College lia owed its status in Indian would in turn eall for greater the balance between academic would continue with annual BULK CO 10 STORE AND WHOLESALE DEPT.: Ocean research to the work of selectivity of students for the learning and practical sea intakes of boys aged between the Royal Australian Navy. Naval College. experience. Corner of Gibbons and Morion Streets, Redfern—MX 5688 fourteen and a half and sixteen He said the Oceanographic To attract the right type of This would involve giving unit of the Navy deserved the student, the Navy had changed cadets a period at sea in the and a half, and special entries A. A. MURRELLS FISH SUPPLY highest praise for its contribu- its officer structure to provide Australian fleet between their of matriculation students up to tion to knowledge and under- greater career prospects. years of academic training. the age of nineteen. Head Office: standing of the Indian Ocean. 195 George Street, Sydney-BU S945. After Hour*-FY 5470. Dr. Humphrey forecast that the Navy would play an in- Are you denying yourself RELAXATION? creasingly important role ill ocean research work.

an Australian Margarine Relaxation, Doth mentai ana physical, is, according to the world's leading physicians, essential. Yet how many people today, due to NEW FRENCH SURVEY constant mental pressure brought about by the ever-increasing blended to suit tempo of business and life in general, are finding themselves SHIPS "run-down". Well, the old adage "Don't let this happen to you" Australian still stands good! The hydrographic survey conditions ship. I NO EM EUR HYDRO- Picture yourself relaxing on board SOUTHERN CROSS on a GRAPHE NICOLAS, hsis been wonderful round-the-world vacation. A cruise pleasure-planned fot you. by Shaw Savill Line, with no worries whatsoever, leaving condemned. She is to be re- you completely free to recuperate and to enjoy your choice of placed by si 1.000-ton ex-pas- either a passive or active vacation. senger ship, the 01" VANE, N I S A built in 1951, which has re- The round-the-world Itinerary of the 20,000-ton one-class liner. SOUTHERN CROSS, includes calls at Nnr Zwtoai, Fiji. Tafelti. I S cently been purchased and is Pauaa. CaracM, Triaitaf Etglail, Las Palaas, Capetawa aai now to bo converted. Durtaa. Whilst a few of its amenities are: Two swimming pools, NICER cinema, air-conditioning in every cabin, spacious lounges, orches- The A.M. type minesweeper, tra, stabilisers, unencumbered sports decks, children's playrooms, and air-conditioned dining rooms. ORIONY, is to be converted into an oceanographic research ship to extend our knowledge FARES TO ENGLAND FROM £145 STERLING of the deep sea waters and ROUND THE WORLD FROM £287 STERLING assist new methods of defence TABLE against the submarine threat. In wartime, the ship could be NTsa MARGARINE easily re-converted.

THE NAVY Nov*mb*r. I960

> z served his apprenticeship with 600th ANNIVERSARY OF THE COURT CAPTAIN G. A. WILD TO COMMAND R. & H. Green &. Sille.v Weir Limited, and joined the P. & O. Steam Navigation Company in OF ADMIRALTY OF ENGLAND AND NEW LINER CANBERRA 1931 as Assistant Engineer. He received his appointment 1*. & I (.-Orient Lines an- when she was a troopship as Chief Engineer on the 800th ANNIVERSARY OF THE nounce the appointment ot* operated by the P. & O. 22.270-ton Strathnaver in Captain G. A. Wild to com- Company. In 1944 Captain January. 1956. Since then he mand the 45.000-ton passenger Wild went to the I'.S.A. to has served on the 29.614-ton LAWS OF OLERON liner CANBERRA. which is take over as Chief Officer of Iberia and the 23,580-ton N the 1st June, 1960, a ment of Sir John lieauclmmp naval, arc entrusted to the due to sail on her maiden the 15.100-ton Chitral. which Strathmore. O Service of Thanksgiving is significant, because it placed Lords Commissioners for ex- voyage from Southampton on had until then been operated Mr. Warren was held in St. Paul a Cathedral for the first time the command ecuting the Office of Lord High June 2. 1961. Captain Wild by the Royal Navy as an Mr. 1 nard Samuel Warren, in the presence of II.R.ll. The of all the Fleets in the hands Admiral of the United King- was in command of the 29.734- an I merchant cruiser, and who is aged 52. joined the Duke of Edinburgh, in connec- of one man who, ill addition to dom. ton Arcadia until October it, stood by this ship whilst she tion with the 600th Anniversary the usual disciplinary powers P. & O. Steam Navigation Again the laws of Oleron 1960. The appointments to was being converted into a Company at the age of 18 in of the Court of Admiralty in of an Admiral, had at the same CANBERRA are announced troopship at Baltimore, lie England, and afterwards cele- time the grant of maritime have gradually been superseded, 1927. After three years of but certain aspects of modern also of Mr. John A. Skakle as served in Chitral during the service ill the London offices brations took place in the jurisdiction with power to Chief Engineer. Mr. L. S. landings in Malaya a few days Island of Olcron. off La appoint deputies. From this maritime law may be traced of the company, he was directly to them. Their glory Warren as Purser, and Mr. after V.J. Day. and later appointed Assistant Purser of Rochelle, iu connection with the date can be applied the opening J. (I. Crawford as Tourist Class brought home British ex- promulgation, about the year words of the Black Book of is not in the letter but in the Ranpura in 19311. His appoint- tradition of law and justice, Purser. The appointment of a prisoners of war from Ran- ment as Purser took place in 1160. of the Laws of Oleron by Admiralty, the ancient muni- Full Purser as Tourist Class goon. In 1947 he stood by the Eleanor of Ai|iiitaiue. the wife ment book now ill the Public order and commonsense, dis- March. 1932. when he served cipline and humanity which Purser iu CANBERRA is due conversion of the troopship in Mantua. During the last of King Henry II of England. Record Office, which also con- to the ship's size and the Empire Fowey at Glasgow. tains the text of the Laws of have survived through eight war Mr. Warren served in the It is thought that the Fleet centuries. Today seafarers and number of passengers she will Captain Wild was promoted to R.N.R. and returned to the Oleron: carry (550 first-class and 1.685 Staff Captain of Strathedeu iu might he interested in a little all concerned with maritime company in March. 1944. His historical background relating "When a man is made matters have good reason to give tourist). 1949. and ill the following year first post-war appointment was appointed Staff Captain to these two events and to Admiral, he should at once thanks for the Laws of Oleron with P. & O. was in Corfu ill indicate the reasons for Their appoint under himself to be his and for the wisdom that Captain Geoffrey Alan Wild of the new 24.215-ton passen- 1945. Mr. Warren has since ger liner Chusan. His first Lordships' decision to associate lieutenants, deputies and other inspired them. Captain Wild was bom in served as Purser iu many themselves with these celebra- officers, some of the most loyal, regular command was in 1951 Accordingly, the Lords Com- February. 1904. in Bolton, P. & O. liners, including tions. wise and discreet persons in as the Captain of Shillung. in missioners of the Admiralty Lancashire, the son of a Canton, Strathaird. Arcadia, The Laws of Oleron. based the maritime law and ancient which he stayed over four and the Judiciary now join in Lancashire clergyman. lie Iberia and Strathmore. He has on the decisions of the Merchant customs of the seas which he years. After relieving voyages bringing together a great and served his early apprentice- recently been relieved from the Court of the little island of can anywhere find, so that, by as Commander of Iberia and distinguished concourse of per- ship at the Nautical College. 24.261-ton Chusan. Oleron were, from the latter God's help and their good and Strathnaver iu 1956. Captain sons concerned in their various Panghourue, from 1918-1919. half of the 12th century, just government, the office of Wild Hew to Cape Town in Mr. Crawford ways with shipping and mari- being one of the second entry accepted as maritime law in Admiral may be executed to the January. 1957, to command John Crawford was horn in time law in all parts of the at Panghourue. which had been north-western Europe. Their honour and good of the Realm." Canton. Since then, he has 1914 and joined the P. & O. world to take part in the formed iu 1917. Following a prestige ill England was commanded Corfu. Chusan. Steam Navigation Company in The intervening centuries Service of Thanksgiving at St. year as a cadet on the harquen- especially high. They codefled Strathaird and Arcadia. Cap- May, 1936. His first appoint- have seen great changes in the Paul's Cathedral. tine "St. George." he com- tain Wild was married in 1932 ment afloat was as a Purser's in plain, commonsensc language office of Lord High Admiral. pleted his apprenticeship with to the sister of Mr. A. R. G. Clerk on board Naldera in the principles that should His judicial powers have gradu- At the Service, an illuminated two years iu the New Zealand Bickell, a P. & O. Purser at June of the same year. He was govern the relationships between ally been separated from his copy of the ancient Laws of Shipping Company, lie joined the time. Captain Wild has his appointed Assistant Purser in the parties concerned iu mari- executive naval powers. The Oleron, extracted from the the P. & (). Steam Navigation home at Eastbourne, Sussex. 1939 anil his appointment as time trade, ship masters, former are now exercised in the Black Book of Admiralty, was Company as Fourth Officer in Captain Wild lias been relieved Deputy Purser came 10 years mariners, owners and merchants I'nited Kingdom in prize eases handed over by the President the Novara in 1923, obtaining in Arcadia by Captain W. T. C. lat«/r ill 1949 after he' had and they prescribed the action by the President of the of the Court of Admiralty to his Master's Certificate in Lethliridge. who previously returned to the company that might properly be taken Admiralty Division of the High the Chaplain of the Fleet with 1929. Captain Wild served commanded the 22.568-ton following war service on troop- ill various contingencies. Court, in Admiralty (Maritime the request that it should be during the war in troopships, Strathaird. ships. Mr. Crawford was Law) cases by the President conveyed in one of Her commencing in the 22.2711-ton The foundation of the Court promoted to Purser in 1952, of Admiralty of England dates and certain other judges and Majestv's Ships to the islanders Strathnaver on the long and his first ship in this rank in criminal cases by those of Oleron. H.M.S. WAKEFUL voyages in convoy round the from 1360, when King Edward Mr. Skakle was Empire Fowey. He has judges, commissioners, recorders was detailed for this duty and Cape to Suez until 1942. He III appointed Sir John Beau- Chief Engineer since served in Corfu. Strath- and magistrates who administer was accompanied bv H.M. Ships served as First Officer in the champ to lie Admiral of all the naver, Arcadia, Stratheden Fleets and gave him extensive the criminal law of the land. THAMES, VENTURER. ST. lie de France, 44.356 tons, John Skakle was born in and Chusan. The latter powers, executive or DAVID and BOSSINOTON. June, 1909, in London. He judicial powers. The appoint-

November, I960 17 32 THE NAVY It was expected that the Commonwealth Fairev Gannet would be ob- Carriers tained for anti - submarine COCKATOO DOCKS patrol, but the French Alize The Commonwealth is to lose had more appeal and orders fc ENGINEERING one carrier-borne air-arm, but have subsequently been placed CO. PTY. LTD. is to gain another. The fact with Breguet for approximately • that the Australian Fleet Air 10 machines of this type. Arm is to be disbanded in 1963 With the end of Australian is unfortunately only too well naval aviation, India will be Shipbuilders known, but the growth of the only Australo-Asian coun- Marine Indian carrier-power has been try to have a carrier. The possi- left practically unnoticed. The bility of Pakistan obtaining a and Indian carrier VIKRANT (the carrier is almost negligible, but General Engineers former H.M.S. HKR(TLES) the Japanese Navy continues to has received some attention, grow and it would come as no Contractors to . . . but the aircraft it is to operate surprise to a number of people H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY are an enigma to many. if the "rising sun" flag were Inquiries Invitad It says something for the once more unfurled from a quality of British aircraft that carrier. India should consider the obso- Canada, of course, has the lescent Hawker Sea Hawk BONA VENTURE and happily COCKATOO DOCK suitable to her requirements has no prospects of scrapping when so many aircraft better this excellent vessel in view. SYDNEY (in performance) are available. An interesting footnote to 'Phone: 82 0441 Twenty-one Sea Hawks were this brief review of Common- (10 lines) ordered and the first squad- wealth naval aviation is the ron to be equipped with this news that the Ghana Air Force aircraft is scheduled to be oper- plans to equip two jet-fighter ational by the end of August. squadrons with Sea Hawks.

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32 THE NAVY BAMBOO CARGO FOR and Portuguese Timor was carrying out a survey of Port- Australia's onlv source. land (Vic.) Hurbour. On com- command of Lieutenant-Com- high under-water speed. Her NAVY SHIP lie said H.M.A.S. BANKS pletion of this task she will SIXTH mander .1. R. Wadman, R.N. complement is six officers and Urgently required supplies would be the first Royal Aus- spend the rest of the year work- She was built by Messrs. 65 ratings. of bamboo poles have taken a tralian Navy ship to visit ing in South Australian and "PORPOISE" fammell Laird on the Mersey The other boats ef the "Por- Royal Australian N'avv ship, Beaco. The normal port of call Queensland waters. and. like her sister craft, is of poise" class now with the was Dili, but storms had cut '2.000 tons standard surface dis- Navv are H.M. Submarines H.M.A.S. BANKS, on an un- With a complement of 2 Offi- land communications, and the placement and is powered by PORPOISE. RORQUAL, NAR- usual mission to Portuguese cers and 14 ratings. H.M.A.S. SUBMARINE ouly way to obtain early sup- diesel-electrie Admiralty Stand- WHAL, GRAMPUS and CACH- Timor. H.M.A.S. BANKS went BASS is the fourth ship to un- plies was to go direct to the ard Range engines which give AL< >T. to the isolated Timor anchor- dertake survey duties and will There arc now six "Por- isolated anchorage. age of Beaeo to load the bam- bring the total number of poise" submarines Hying the boo. It is the first major trip ships in commission in the White ensign—the first under- awar from Australia for The Minister for the Navy, Royal Australian Navy to 17. water craft to be designed since THE SECOND NUCLEAR II.M'.A.S. BANKS, which is an the war. Senator Gorton, said that the Explorer class, general - pur- bamboo poles were needed as pose vessel commissioned only ROYAL FLEET AUXILIARIES In the past year the rate of a result of increased survey a few months ago. submarine building has in- SUBMARINE work being carried out by Service Conditions Improved creased considerably and, apart Navy ships. The bamboo The contract for the second British origin, which it is hoped H.M.A.S. BASS from the completion of the poles, which were thirty feet One hears a great deal to- "Porpoise" class, good pro- nuclear submarine, foreshad- will improve performance, and long, were used to support COMMISSIONS day about the flexibility of gress is being made in the con- owed by the Civil Lord of the iu particular will at the least beacons. When no land fixes Admiralty during the last ses- reduce materially the noisiness II.M.A.S. BASS was commis- naval forces. This term is struction of several "Ohcron" were available for survey mainly applied to the ability submarines. Submarines of sion of Parliament, has now of the plant. Present indica- ships, they surveyed along a sioned at Garden Island on the been placed with Yickers-Arin- tions are that the prototype 15th November, I960. of H..M. Ships to move about the "Ohcron" class are similar line of the beacons, which, the oceans without requiring to the "Porpoise" boats, but strongs, and the machinery will plant at Dounreay will he ready lashed to the top of the bamboo She is a sister-ship to the he built by Vicers-Armstrongs for test-running sometime in BANKS and is a general pur- the facilities of bases as fre- include many modifications poles, could be seen for several quently as was once the case. found desirable in file light of I Engineers) Ltd., and Rolls- 1962 and it is possible that the miles. pose vessel with a length of Royce and Associates. I under- new submarine may be com- 90 feet. Both ships were built experience with the earlier This flexibility is. to a large " Porpoises". stand that the nuclear plant pleted late in 1963 or more Senator Gorton said bamboo, by Walkers Ltd. in Mary- extent, made possible by the will be of the type now being probably in 1964. She is ex- because of its length, resilience borough. Queensland. Royal Fleet Auxiliary Re- H.M. Submarine FIN- developed for the Admiralty pected to be somewhat larger and strength, was the only The BASS has been specially plenishment Service which has WHALE. sixth "Porpoise" at Doiinreay and will lie based than the DREADNOUGHT; material suitable for the task. equipped for survey duties and been called on to supply fuel, boat, was accepted into service on the American P.W.R. design, but. like the latter, she will not It was a scarce commodity. will commence her duties by ammunition, provisions and in August and is now under the but with various alterations of carry ballistic missiles. stores to H.M. Ships at sea on a scale never previously at- tempted in peace-time. The recent appointment of NICOL BROS. PTY. LTD. Mr. David Leathley. O.B.E.. as INCORPORATING the first Commodore. Chief Engineer of the Service, was in PENGUIN HEAVY LIFTING PTY. LTD. part a recognition of the in- & creasing importance of the R.F.A. It is. however, only one step ill the plan to fit the PENGUIN PTY. LTD. Auxiliary for its modern tasks. ALL CLASSES OF STEAM, DIESEL AND GENERAL ENGINEERING Mr. Leathley's appointment BOILERMAKERS, OXY-ACETYLENE follows improvements in the AND ELECTRIC WELDERS complementing, pay and con- PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL WORK ditions of service of the crews FLOATING CRANE AVAILABLE AT ALL TIMES of R.F.A.'s. The aim, I under- (20 TON CAPACITY) stand. is to increase the skill ALL CLASSES OF MARINE EQUIPMENT FOR SALE and experience of the civilians who man these vessels and en- 10-20 WESTON ST., BALMAIN EAST courage them to serve longer. 'Phones: WBS121 — 3 lines Living conditions in the Blue After Houn: UM !>485, WM 3225, FM 5708 Ensign ships have also been H.M. Submarine ANDREW, which recently •ailed for S.nrapore H.M. Submarine TAPIR, which wUI replace improved. her in the 4th Submarine Squadron, has already arrived and Is at present undergoing a relit at Coekata* Island Dockyard. 30 THE NAVY Nov.mbar, I960 31 NAVY TO INVESTIGATE would contribute in many ways SEA CADET RIVER PORT FOR N T. to the development of the Ter- ritory. The Minister for the Navy, Senator Gorton said the sur- NOTES Senator Gorton, announced vey would begin in October. that the Royal Australian Navy 11..M A S. BANKS would Sea Cadets in the New South will earry out the initial stage verify the reliability of exist- Wales area featured in some of a project that could make ing Admiralty charts of the interesting events during BRITISH BOX CO. a significant contribution to the entrance to the Adelaide River, < )ctober — development of the Northern and then work upstream from Ten young cadets, from Territory. the river port. Port Daly. Sydney, Wollongong and New- The reconnaissance would castle. were undergoing sea PTY. LTD. The Minister said H.M.A.S. establish the greatest distance training iu H.M.A.S. TOBRUK BANKS would conduct a that a 300 ft. vessel could navi- when she was accidentally reconnaissance survey of the gate the river, and the mini- holed by a shell from ANZAC. :»» IIKKKTTV STIIKKT. MAMOT. .\A.W. Adelaide River later this year. mum size of a ship that could Captain and men from the The task was being under- reach Humpty Doo Pumping TOBRUK said that the cadets taken at the request of the Station, which is nearly 50 behaved splendidly in what Northern Territory Administra- miles from the river mouth. must have been to them a ter- MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS OF tion to determine whether large Senator Gorton said at the rifying experience. freighters could navigate the completion of this work the Members of the Navy League WOODEN CASES, CRATES, PALLETS, SAFE-STAKA CONVERTORS river as far as the Muinpty Doo Royal Australian Navy would and over 100 Sea Cadets took CONTRACTORS TO R.A.N. Pumping Station. consider plans for the detailed part in the annual Trafalgar If it were feasible, it would survey of the river. Day Service at the (warden Is- be a tremendous boost for the The reconnaissance survey land Church oil the 23rd Octo- rice-growing industry. will be under the supervision ber. The service was of his- TELEI'IIO.M:: >11' :t«.>4 of the Naval Offieer-in-Charge, torical interest, as it was the In addition to facilities for North Australia Area, Captain first service to be televised shipping rice, a river port A. H. Cooper, R.A.N. direct from the church.

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tl !i : )

* MITCHELL LIBRARY

CHE NAVY LEAGUE ""NAVY 1 3 FEB 1961 OF AUSTRALIA Vol. 23 , PATRON: DECEMBER. I960 SYlblNJI*) 5 Excellency The Governor-General. Rt. Hon. Viscount Dunrossil, P.C., H G.C.M.G., M.C., K.St.J., Q.C.

FEDERAL COUNCIL: President: Rear Admiral H. A. CONTENTS Showers, C.B.E. (Retd.). D«P"fy President: Cdr. R. A. Nettle- fold. D.8.C., V.R.D., R.A.N.R. Secretary: Lieutenant L. Mackay- Crulse, R.A.N.R. New South Wales Division: Page Patron: His Excellency The Governor of New South Wales. H.licopt.rs end New Ship, lor R.A.N. President: Rear Admiral H. A. 3 Showers. C.B.E. Secretary: Lieutenant L. Mackay- 1 Scientists go to St. with the Navy 4 Crulse, R.A.N.R. Hon. Treasurer: R. I. Rae. Esq. Keeping Shop for the Nevy 7 Victorian Division: The sort of Air Power Patron: His Excellency the Governor of Victoria. New Ship, for U.S. Nevy under 1961 Programme 8 President: Lleut.-Comdr. A. N. Boul- ton. R.A.N.R. VIOL and the Fleet Potential Salary: Miss E. C. Shorrocks. 523 9 Collins Street, Melbourne. a shipbuilder LIKES! South Australian Division: New Ship—H.M.A.S. PARRAMATTA 11 Patron: His Excellency The Governor of South Australia. ... in a range of tools by Atlas Copco Coco, I (land Naval Memorial President: 8urKeon-Comdr. R. P. 12 Matters (Retd.). H«n. Sec.: R. Sutton. Esq., 30 Plrle Compressed air is versatile. It can be used in many industries to The Russien Navy IS Street. Adelaide. Tasmanian Division: power many types of equipment. For shipbuilders, Atlas Copco Patron: Vice Admiral Sir Guy Wyatt. K.B.E.. C.B.. R.N. (Retd.). makes air-powered hoists, grinders, drills, chipping-hammers, riveters, President: Comdr. A. H. Green. O.B.E . DSC. R.A.N. (Retd.). screwdrivers and the compressors which drive them. Published by The Navy League of Auitralia. 66 Clarence St., Sydney. 61 8784 Hon. Sec.: Comdr. G. E. W. W. Baylv Designed for reliable service under the most arduous conditions, the SF-5" R-A-N.V-R. (Retd.I. SUBSCRIPTION RATE: 12 issu.s poit free in the Briti.h Commonwealth, 23/- 728 Sandy Bay Road. Lower Sandy hand tools are fitted with high-efficiency air motors giving the best Bay. Hobart. Copi.s of "Herald" photograph, published may be obteined direct from Western Australian Division: possible power weight ratios. Easy to handle, they are economical to Patron: His Excellency The Governor Photo Sale*. "Sydney Morning Hereld." Hunter Street, Sydney. of Western Australia. operate. The air hoists ranging in capacity from 5 cwt to 10 tons — President: Roland Smith. Esq. Hon. Sec. - Hon. Treas.: k. Olson. are especially suited to shipyard work. With smooth-running air Esq.. 62 Blencowe Street. West motors and very low creep speeds, they permit ultra-sensitive control. Leedervllle, W.A. Queensland Division: An additional advantage is the enclosed design, which allows safe Patron: His Excellency The Governoi SUBSCRIPTION FORM of Queensland. operation in any atmosphere - hot, explosive, dusty, damp or corrosive. RAB I) Scr.w-f.«d drill President: Comdr. N. 8. Plxley MLB 12 Air hoist To " The Navy," M.B.E V.R.D.. R.A.N.R. (Retd.) Ryan House. Eagle Street. Brisbane Box 3850, G.P.O., Hon. Sec.: G. B. O'Neill. Esq.. Bot SALES AND SERVICE IN NINETY COUNTRIES. 376E.. O.P.O.. Brisbane. Sydney, N.S.W. Australian Capital Territory Division: With companies and agents in ninety countries, Atlas Copco is the President: Lt.-Cdr. J. B. Howse R^Jt.VJt.. M.P., Parliament House' world's largest organisation specialising solely in compressed air 1 enclose 23/- for Annual Subscription to "The Navy," Canberra, A.C.T. post free, commencing January, 1961. Hon. 8ec.: Lieut. D. M. Blake equipment. Wherever you are, the international Atlas Copco group R.A.N.V.R. 60 Limestone Avenue Alnslle. A.C.T. Thone: J 3237. offers expert advice on the selection of equipment and provides a Name Northern Territory Division: complete after-sales service. Patron: Hls_ Honour the Admlnl strator, J. C. Archer. Esq.. O.BJE. President: Captain 8. H. K. 8pJpurgeou n Street D.S.O.. O.BJE., R.A.N. (E/L). H^5-..8ec-:«c- A- J McRm. c/- Welfare Branch. Darwin, N.T. Town State AUSTRALIAN SEA CADET COUNCIL: Cbpcv Representatives of the Naval Board: Director of Naval Reserves. Cap- ATLAS COPCO AUSTRALIA PTY. LIMITED Date tain W. B. M. Marks, C.B1., DB.C, R.A.N. 199-205 Parramatta Road. Auburn. N.S.W. Comdr. H. L. Ounn, OJ9JE.. DJ3.C. Pieele note that all annual lubtcription, now comm.nc. in J.nu.ry, RepresenUUves of The Navy League: N.w subscribers after January should land only l/ll for each month Comdr^ R. A. Nettlefold, DB.C., V.RJD.. R.A.N.V.R. remaining up to and including December. Otherwise back copies from G. Pearson. Porsythe, Jenuery will be posted. Lleut.-Comdr. O. Evans, R.A.N.V.R. Hon. See.: Lieutenant L. Mackay- Crulse. R A.N.R. ' December, I960 I IMPROVED MINE WARFARE New Aircraft for Royal Navy IN ROYAL NAVY Naval Aircraft Named a (treat deal. It is designed fur As Described in the British Buccaneer high speed, low altitude flying and for making long range NEW SHIPS AND AS. Navy Magazine Although there was no naval strikes. living display at tin' I'arn- It will, say the experts. In- Important advances have biirough Air Show this year, able to penetrate deep into HELICOPTERS FOR R.A.N. been made iu techniques for that most iinpiirtHiit naval air- enemy territory with little fear dealing with the threat of mines. craft. tin' N.A..I9. was nil view of interception either by fN the Senate on November 9. of acoustic, pressure and MELBOURNE and was introduced liv its new lighters or missiles. Senator Gorton announced magnetic mines. In this, as in many other directions, the Royal Navy has STEAMSHIP name Hiiccancer. One of its interesting fea- that the Cabinet had made the "The minesweepers selected shown the way and one of its CO. LTD. A great deal of interest was tures is its large bomb bay following decisions regarding are the 'toll' class at present with a rotating door. It can smaller ships has been to the Head Office; shown in this strike aircraft, the Royal Australian Navy. in use with NATO navies. United States to demonstrate Jl KINC ST., MELBOURNE from whieh the Navy expects carry a variety of weapons. "Four will be bought 'off is capabilities. These have been Branches or Agendo H.M.A.S. MELBOURNE the shelf' in the United King- acknowledged by the U.S. at all poru Senator Gorton said: "Sub- dom hut modified and altered Naval authorities as "a signi- Managing Aj(eiits for ject to a firm price being to suit Australian climatic ficant contribution to the art HOBSONS BAY DOCK AND obtained for an anti-submarine conditions. and science of mine hunting." ENGINEERING CO. PTY. "Inquiries will be made to LTD. beer in helicopter which meets all the Works: Willlamstown, Victoria Navy's militarv requirements. se? if the other two can be The equipment, which is HODGE ENGINEERING CO. H.M.A.S. MELBOURNE will built in Australian shipyards naturally of a secret category, PTY. LTD. continue in commission after at .1 comparable price and with is installed in the coastal mine- Works: Sussex SL, Sydney 196.1 as an anti-submarine a comparable delivery date. sweeper SHOULTON, 360 tons, and handy cans helicopter carrier." The Minis- "These ships are of whieh has just returned to COCKBURN ENGINEERING ter made no mention of the specialist nature constructed Portland after many months PTY. LTD. type of aircraft that was under of wood and aluminium, with across the Atlantic during Works: Hines Rd., Freraantle consideration, but it is of engines designed of materials which she travelled about Ship P.epairers. etc. interest that the Royal Navy specially selected not to acti- 10.000 miles on a demonstration FOSTER'S LAGER has just taken over the first vate a sensitive .mine, and cruise. The cruise also included two Westland Wessex machines equipped with tile latest a visit to Canada and what are VICTORIA BITTER to be produced. devices for locating and described as "side-by-side When accepting the ma- disposing of mines. trials" with equivalent U.S. chines, Lt. C'dr. R. Turpin, equipment. BIGGER who commands 700 H Flight, SURVEY SHIP As the ship has none of the which will test the helicopters Senator Gorton said that "it usual minesweeping gear, it is for service purposes, said that has also been decided to build, assumed that the new equip- it would be "a real break- ill Australia, a survey ship of ment performs the functions of CAPSTAN through for the Navy as far approximately 2.000 tons. The both asdic and depth sounding WE ARE SUPPLIERS OF SEA FRESH LOCAL FISH as helicopter flying is con- ship would be constructed in and that such ships would have cerned." a civil yard and work would in a new, and the duty of locating mines The makers claim that the begin as soon as possible." when working with normal modern size Direct Importers of United Kingdom and Continental Westland Wessex is the first In addition, he said: "Other sweeping groups. helicopter to join the Navy items iu the naval programme QUICK-FROZEN FISH capable of both finding and are to be the subject of detailed The composition of her small destroying enemy submarines. investigation as to price, the company is a pointer. It in- Wholesale Suppliers to Hotels and Restaurants The helicopter is fitted with firmness of that price, the cludes five divers who had electronic equipment which method of payment, and avail- to work and dive in the warm WE SPECIALISE IN SHIPS PROVIDORING makes it possible for it to th- ability before a final decision waters of the Gulf of Mexico at night as well as by day with is made. and iu icy conditions off the BULK COLD STORE AND WHOLESALE DEPT.: coast of Canada, often in a high degree of safety. "Such investigations, though hazardous circumstances. Corner of Gibbons and Marian Streets, Redfern—MX 5688 they delay the announcement MINESWEEPERS of a full programme, will not In announcing the SHOUL- "A firm decision has been delay the planned date of TON'S return the Admiralty A. A. MURRELLS FISH SUPPLY taken that the R.A.N, should acquisition of these items stated that the equipment with acquire six modern mine- Head Office: should it be eventually firmly which she is fitted is to be in- sweepers. equipped to hunt for decided that they will be stalled in other Mritish mine- 195 George Street, Sydney-BU 5945. After Hours-FY 5470. and dispose of modern types acquired." sweepers.

D.c.mb.r, I960 THE 1 2 SCIENTISTS GO TO SEA WITH THE NAVY

Right: Scientists make a filtration test for plant productivity and examine a deep water sample from a Nansen bottle. They hope to prove from these tests H.M.A.S. GASCOYNE BACK AFTER SCIENTIFIC CRUISE the best fishing areas off the East Australirn H.M.A.S. Gascoyne returned to Sydney 011 the 4th December after a cruise of almost coast. 5.000 miles. During the cruise. C.S.I.R.O. scientists, who were embarked in the ship, carried out a survey of the currents which sweep aloug the East Coast of Australia. The scientists believe that investigation of the current which begins in the Coral Sea could be of great value to the fishing industry and also to merchant ships which use inshore waters. Photographs, by cour- Above: A scientist lifts out a special bottle which Top Right: Naval ratings lower an "Orange peel tesy of "The Daily has just obtained samples of water from 60 grab" to collect samples of the sea bed which will Telegraph." fathoms. This Is used for scientific Investigation. be examined for marine and animal life. i

December, I960 4 THE NAVY Fifty-five Years of Keeping Shop for the Fleet The Royal Edward Victualling Yard has a proud record of supply service.

LOTTED between t Ill- and such delicacies as ice cream even saw sailors walking out S wharves at Darling Har- mix. iu odd trousers anil jerseys," bour is a red brick emporium "We handle over £300,000 Today contractors send where you can get anything worth of fooil a year," Mr. samples of their cloth from from a sword to a pork chop Bretherton, the Superintending the mills to be mechanically life — providing you are a sailor. Victualling Stores Officer tested for shade variation, It is the Royal Edward (V.S.O.). told me. "You name durability and flaws before it Victualling Yard, which re- it — we have it." "Rum," I is made up. cently broached its 55th suggested. His face set. "The But some people, of course, working year as housekeeper Royal Australian Navy is to the Fleet. are never satisfied. The V.S.O. dry." he said wistfully. "But claimed that when one stoker at When I called last week, you can have lemon juice was asked recently if his new some of the staff of 2011 were powders if you like." uniform fitted him, he replied : unloading cabbages and sacks Although the yard was taken "Perfectly, except for the of onions from n truck and over by the R.A.N, in 1913 it trousers. They pinch a bit wheeling them on trolleys into still supplies food to a nuntber under the arms." a large sorting shed. Here a of British bases as well as to Mess equipment, of which sea foreman was piling them into visiting men-o-wtir. the yard holds stocks valued heaps in separate bays. is a good life, better than ever When the American aircraft- at £|m., includes everything Kach bay was marked with carrier BENNINGTON railed n housewife could dream of, before, and in the Merchant the name of a ship — BARCOt). into Sydney her shopping list frofii toasting forks to cham- Navy, more modern ships are VOYAGER, PENGl'IN — and included several tons of lettuce pagne glasses (officer for the appearing on the Australian already contained a jumble ot and tomatoes. use of). Register each year. "dry" goods, including jars The • Royal yacht BRIT- of chutney and tins of syrup In addition to operating its ANNIA also stopped at the Museum and fruit juice. yard to stock up before sailing There is even a museum own fleet of cargo vessels, the At the hack of the shed more for the Falkland Islands. where samples of obsolete B.H.P. Co. Ltd. has Aus- men were hooking joints of (". . . . the turkeys, in equipment are preserved for tralia's largest shipbuilding meat and gnarled sides of particular," wrote her supply posterity. Here you can find yard at Whyalla, thereby pro- bacon on to a sliding rail in officer later, "were some of the the brave striped trousers and a specially cooled storeroom. best birds I hnve seen.") "blue jackets" of the age of viding employment for a wide Apart from feeding the sail, and a shelf of those variety of trades and pro- The Beginning R.A.N, the yard dresses it. immense silver - plated meat fessions . . . producing the In 1907. when the yard first "When you see a sailor ashore dish covers so dear to Mrs. steel, building the ships, then opened for the Royal Navy, in his 'Tiddlev' suit." said Beeton. sailing them, surely a wide- it was responsible for holding the V.S.O., "you couldn't There are coffee mills, only seven items of food — guess how much care and hard spread and vital national beautifully finished wooden preserved meat, suet, oatmeal, work has gone into its produc- sponge tubs and a dust-choked project. . mustard, vinegar, pepper anil tion." knife polisher. And there are raisins. These were to be He indicated a large work- square, spoutless teapots (used shipped in event of war to shop where trained tailors in the last war when replace- British bases at Hong Kong. were feeding a bolt of blue ments were hard to get), and AMD HWSIOIMIB Singapore, Ceylon. South cloth into the electric process- a gallimaufry of cooking pots, Africa and Malta. ing machine and examining it starting with the old black Today the provisions list through the light. "In the old iron and progressing through contains more than 200 items, days." he said, "material for copper, turned steel, enamel- including nine sorts of sauce, uniforms would often he all ware and aluminium to modern BROKEN HILL PROPRIETARY CO. LTD six varieties of breakfast cereal colours of the rainbow. You stainless steel.

THE NAVY D«c«mb«r. I960 7 1 I asked the V.S.O. if he had ever been stumped by a request New Ships tor United States from the Fleet. "Only once," he said, "just under 1961 Programme VTOL AND THE FLEET POTENTIAL after I joined the Yard. A storeman rang up from The three new high-speed Completed last year, they went By Major Oliver STEWART. M.C., A.F.C. H.M.A.S. Tingira and asked attaek submarines BARUKL. on extensive trials anil joined for a cap for one of the crew. ISLl'EBACK and BOXEFISII. the operational fleet this year. EOPLE have been talking ters an impetus at the very uneconomic conditions of cruis- '1 don't know what size his of the improved "Tang" class, They have a standard displace- Pabout vertical take-off and moment they most needed it. ing Might in a helicopter could head is.' said the storemau. ment of ],7.*>0 tons with a sub- landing aircraft and about For there was a time when the not be recompensed by other 4 are officially stated to be the but he takes size six boots'." last conventionally powered merged displacement of 2,637 short take-off and land- helicopter was under fire from advantages. The Royal Navy tons, and are powered by three "Nowadays," said the V.S.O.. submarines that the United ing aircraft (VTOI, and the critics. It was held to be found that they could be so Fairbanks Morse diesels and "I'd know what to tell him." States Navy will ever build. STOL) for years. And from uneconomical both financially recompensed. electric drive giving a speed of time to time there have been and technically. It was pointed For a great deal of work 15 knots on the surface and 25 sensational experimental flights out that the wings, or rotor from surface vessels, for air- knots submerged. with research machines coming blades, of a helicopter travel sea rescue, for ship-shore com- Ill future all new construc- ill one of these categories. a much greater distance than munications, the advantages of tion submarines will be nuclear- There have been the Rolls- the body of the machine and the ability to rise vertically, to powered. My 1967 it is planned Royce "flying bedstead." the that this fact imposed upon it land without a run and to that there will be 110 fewer French S NEC MA (lying Atar. totally unfavourable cruising hover more than compensated than 7,*i nuclear-powered sub- the Ryan, Hell and other conditions. for the waste of power that is marines. American aircraft and the It is perfectly fair criticism. entailed when the wings rotate. The I'nited States Navy pro- British Short SC.I. the latest The rotor blades of a helicopter For naval duties the helicop- poses to have 4,"> Polaris bal- atld. perhaps, the most highly do iu fact do a great deal of ter's hovering powers were listic missile submarines in its developed of the series. But unnecessary travelling com- shown to be of dominant value. underwater Meet. This figure to-day we still seem to be as pared with the fixed wings of Its inability to attain high has just been revised upwards far from the ordinary prac- a conventional aircraft no forward speeds, its high first from the 40 units envisaged tical use of VTOI. aircraft as matter what the journey. And cost, its somewhat difficult last year. we were 10 years ago. Vet the for this reason the helicopter maintenance problems, its rela- It is intended that before rewards to be had from a suc- has always been regarded as u tively low payload. these were 1970 the I'nited States Navv cessful VTOI. machine are form of aeronautical spenality ali. well within the price that will have 150 ships with prodigious. That is so for the rather than a fully developed was worth paying for its VTOL civil, the military and—es- capacity. A happy man — nuclear - powered machinery VTOI. aircraft in its own plants. pecially—the naval fields. Helicopters of various kinds, business transacted right. Where the critics were In the same period some 200 I.et us recall that it was the utterly wrong, however, was with the emphasis upon the successfully. No will have been armed with Royal Navy that gave helicop- iu thinking that the admittedly Westland machines, have es- wonder he is happy, surface-to-air guided missiles. tablished themselves as indis- And all combatant ships will the job was so easy: pensable for naval work. Their he armed with anti-submarine future is assured. But clearly he had help from missiles or equipped with anti- all operators, civil, military inside. submarine aircraft. and naval, would benefit if I'tider the 1961 programme there were also to be developed A friendly, efficient staff is waiting to help WINNS the I'nited States is to build a machine with VTOL capa- you, inside your branch of the Commonwealth au attack aircraft carrier, three bilities but with a higher top Savings Bank. guided missile frigates, two "THE BIG FRIENDLY STORES" speed and with more aero- guided missile destroyers, nine dynainically economical cruis- Next time you are near your branch, call in nuclear-powered submarines, ing conditions. Courtesy and service give a pleasant glow to and discuss the types of accounts you may an amphibious dock transport, Something should here be open, and the many services available to you. two destroyer escorts, a fast Business, and WINNS like to do Business that said of the Fairey Kotodyne. combat support ship, a combat 1 hailed this aircraft as one of Become another satisfied customer. Get help stol e ship, an oceanographic re- way. In that spirit they are happy to serve you. the most important new de- and advice — from inside. search ship, an escort research velopments in design ever to ship, a deep-diving auxiliary lie seen. I hold that same view submarine, and other vessels. today despite the fact that the COMMONWEALTH In addition provision has been WINNS, Oxford Street, Sydney Rotodyne's future is at the made for the procurement of moment unpredictable. But the long lead items for seven more & Branches Rotodyne, by its use of an Polaris submarines. Autogiro freely rotating wing (Continued on page 22) THE NAVY Dmmfaw. I960 NEW SHIP

H.M.A.S. PARRAMA1TA BEGINS PRELUDE TO SPRING SEA

IN ENGLAND TRIALS

II.M.A.S. I'ARKA- A wonderful visit to Europe for the MATTA. tin' first of Spring and Summer seasons—leaving the four anti-submarine Australia between February and June frigates being liuilt for —descries the most enjoyable of pre- Australian Navy began her builder's sea trials off ludes ... an unforgettable passage in Sydney during December. one of the luxurious, treat ships of P & O - Orient Lines. For, on board, the stage is set with all the ultra- modern comforts and amenities found Top Lett: PARRAMATTA at speed trials. only in these splendid British liners. Top Right: Shr passu under Sydney Harbour Bridtr tor the first time.

Right: The slrramlinrd mast, P&O - ORIENT the first in Australian Naval LINES history, causrd a lot of com- ment as the ship went down via Suez or via Pacific / / / thr harbour.

D*c«mb«r. I960 LMOST the entire white population of the Coeos AIslands turned out on the 9th GOVERNOR UNVEILS November to watch the Gover- nor of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner, unveil a COCOS ISLANDS NAVY MEMORIAL plaque commemorating Aus- tralia's first naval victory. The unveiling took place on the forty-sixth anniversary of the naval engagement com- memorated by the plaque, which is set on the lawns in front of the cable station on Direction Island. The memorial recalls the battle between the Royal Aus- tralian Navy cruiser. II.M.A.S. SYDNEY, and the German raider, KM DEN. in the early stages of the First World War. It was the first engagement for the infant Australian Navy, and won the R.A.N, an im- mediate place in naval historv. II.M.A.S. SYDNEY defeated the raider, and thwarted the German attempt to destroy the cable station, which was a vital link in allied communications. fw 9 iif At the ceremony Sir Charles f ' Gairdner paid special tribute ? % fM to the boys from the original R A N. training ship. II.M.A.S. a xstss TING IRA. sixty of whom had their first taste of action in the 1 ; . g. SYDNEY - EM DEN engage- ment. The plaque was erected by the TING IRA Old Boys* Association in co-operation with the staff of the Coeos Is- lands Cable Station. The captain f II.M.A.S. communications Commission in DIAMANTINA. Lieutenant - Australia. Commander G. McC. .Jude, Among those at the cere- represented both the Royal mony were Mrs. .John Chillies Australian Navy and the TIN- Ross, wife of the owner of the GARA Old Boys' Association at estate on the islands, and Mr. the ceremony, while his ship's and Mrs. Gerald Clunies Ross, company provided the guard all descendants of the sea cap- of honour. tain granted possession of the Lieutenant-Commander Jude Coeos Islands by Queen Vic- read cables of congratulations toria. The official representa- from Sir Godfrey Inch, of tive on the islands. Mr. Charles ('able and Wireless Limited, Buffet, of the Australian De- London, and from the General partment of Territories, was Manager of the Overseas Tele- also present.

THE NAVY Dacamkar, I960 LMOST the entire white A population of the Corns Islands turned out on the 9th W.A. GOVERNOR UNVEILS November to watch the Gover- nor of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairduer, unveil a COCOS ISLANDS NAVY MEMORIAL plaque commemorating Aus- tralia's first naval victory. The unveiling took place on the forty-sixth anniversary of the naval engagement com- memorated by the plaque, which is set on the lawns in front of the cable station on Direction Island. The memorial recalls the battle between the Royal Aus- tralian Navy cruiser, II.M.A.S. SYDNEY, anil the German raider. EM DEN. in the early stages of the First World War. It was the first engagement for the infant Australian Navy, and won the R.A.N, an im- mediate place in naval history. II.M.A.S. SYDNEY defeated the raider, and thwarted the German attempt to destroy the cable station, which was a vital link in allied communications. At the ceremony Sir Charles Gairduer paid special tribute to the boys from the original K.A.N, training ship. II.M.A.S. TINOIRA. sixty of whom had their first taste of action ill the SYDNEY - EMDEN engage- ment. The plaque was erected by the TINOIRA Old Hoys' Association .-operation with the staff of the Cocos Is- lands Cable Station. The captain of II.M.A.S. communications Commission in 1)1 AMANTINA. Lieutenant - Australia. Commander G. McC. .hide. Among those at the cere- represented both the Royal mony were Mrs. John Clunies Australian Navy and the TIN- Ross, wife of the owner of the GARA Old Hoys' Association at estate 011 the islands, and Mr. the ceremony, while his ship's and Mrs. Gerald Clunies Ross, company provided the guard all descendants of the sea cap- of honour. tain granted possession of the Lieutenant-Commander Jude Cocos Islands by Queen Vic- read cables of congratulations toria. The official representa- from Sir Godfrey Inch, of tive on the islands. Mr. Charles Cable and Wireless Limited. Huffet, of the Australian De- London, and from the General partment of Territories, was Manager of the Overseas Telc- also present.

THE NAVY D»c*mk«r. I960 DISREGARD PREVIOUS FRAME MORRISON 4 ENDEAVOUR ENDS LONG THE RUSSIAN NAVY SINCLAIR Guided miniles said to be carried in Russian CRUISE submarines.

4.KOO mile cruise among Next stop was Karotonga. ad- USSIA'S annual Navy Day to meet modern conditions. was celebrated recently, America's nuclear Polaris sub- remote islands in the ministrative headquarters of R The Soviet navy was being marines. ASouth Pacific ended in October the Cooks, and from there EN when statements were made developed on these lines and in broadcasts by Admiral S. G. "Often there have been when ll.M.N.Z.S. ENDEA- DEAVOl'R went to the island was capable of the most com- reports that some ships of VOUR. the Royal New Zealand of Maugaia. She unloaded 100 Gorshkov, the Commander-in- plex tasks in co-operation with Chief of the Soviet Navy, and Russia's big undersea fleet Navy's only commissioned old naval depth charges, receiv- the other branches of the have been fitted to release wooden ship, returned to Auck- ing in return, according to her by Admiral Golovko. the armed forces. deputy C.-in-C. The statements rockets from the surface. But land. commanding officer. Lieutenant Admiral Golovko, Com- were summarised in the such accounts have never been R. F. Vosper "enough bananas mander Hall wrote, had ENDEAVOUR. whose "London Daily Telegraph." confirmed by Russia. to feed a battleship." announced a big drive to build primary role is that of an Ant- with comment from the Naval "Not long ago an American up the Soviet navy, and s|x>ke arctic support ship, left at the From Mangaia, ENDEA- Correspondent. Commander admiral suggested that in the of the great importance of the beginning of September to take VOUR made the long 1,100- Nowcll Hall. Pacific was a large numlier of Shipbuilders obsolete military explosives for mile journey back to Kaoul and rapid development of the most Communist submarines able to Russia, he wrote, claimed advanced weapons. LONSNOSE POINT reef blasting, deliver mail ami finally began passage to Auck- do this. Some reports have stores, provide medical atten- land. that the Navy was being Commander Hall noted that mentioned that a number of SYDNEY tion and conduct a wide variety equipped with the most Admiral Golovko was speaking Russia's biggest oceangoing advanced weapons, including Phone: WB 1951 (2 lines) of research. To complete this Research Programme: only a few hours after the 'Z' class submarines had rcseart h programme she car- nuclear and rocket weapons third successful underwater launching equipment and ried four scientists from the During the cruise the ship which could deal powerful Polaris firing from the nuclear rocket tanks on deck. took oceanographic readings blows against objectives on Department of Scientific anil submarine GEORGE WASH- "There are believed to l>e 50 every four hours and she remote enemy territory as well Industrial Research. INGTON. He had made no 'Zs.' all of them Snort-fitted towed a magnetometer to re- as against enemy navies. ENDEAVOUR'S first call mention of these submarines, anil apparently broadly re- cord the earth's gravity field. Admiral Gorshkov had implied was at the Kaoul weather and the Polaris firings had not sembling, if a little larger, the The geologist. Mr. J. C. Scho- that the Russian submarine station in the Kermadecs, been reported ill Russia; but. Royal Navy's Porpoise class field investigated former sea arm was being closely inte- .">35 miles north east of Commander Hall commented: submarines and the Oberons Always at for . . . levels. At Rarotonga he found grated in the new rocket New Zealand. She spent "The impact of Western think- coming along. evidence that the levels were strategy, and this theme had ing on Soviet naval thinking eight hours there, landing sup- "The 'Zs' are reputed to once two, three, five, six and recurred several times. He had is nevertheless clear." SHELLEY'S plies while her scientists car- referred to rockets developed have a submerged speed of 12 ried out their investigations. ten feet higher than that at pre- His comment continued: sent. These changes probably for the Navy for various to 16 knots, a standard dis- Next stop was Suva. TOO purposes with atomic and "Although the Russian admiral placement of 1,850 tons and FAMOUS DRINKS occurred within the last 5,000 did not give details of the miles to the north, where she years and while the situation hydrogen warheads. The Ad- to displace 2.750 tons when took in fuel and her sailors miral had derided the big weapons carried by Soviet submerged, the Porpoises' com- Obtainable from leading is obviously not pressing, the submarines, he implied that played Rugby anil Softball information has definite value surface artillery ships and also parable tonnage figures being •hop* and laloona against Fijian and R.N.Z.A.F. the aircraft carrier, now both certain of the ships are now about 1.700 and 2,500. in the planning of land recla- being fitted with long-range teams. out of date. Commander Hall "Some of Russia's 120 mation and coastal protection. rockets. Then ENDEAVOUR went 6011 quoted him as follows: "De- medium-size ' W' class patrol- CORDIAL FACTORY miles eastwards to lonely Nine, In the geophysical sphere, velopment of rocket weapons, "It is noteworthy that he type submarines were also to land explosives and to see new gravity stations were es- radio, electronics and other did not specify such missiles alleged to be equipped for the new buildings which have tablished by Mr. A. Ilanley at modern techniques sharply as being fireable from sub- launching guided missiles from been constructed to replace Kaoul. Niue and Mangaia. The limit military possibilities of merged submarines. Naval the surface. entomologist, Mr. .1. May, col- SHELLEY & SONS those destroyed iu the recent aircraft carriers." experts in Washington said it "However, a senior Ameri- lected scale insects associated disastrous typhoon. had been suspected for some can admiral told me recently with native vegetation in the Their missions, he said, could time that Russia has sub- PTY LTD. From Apia the ship made a that Western authorities have rough 560 mile passage to South Pacific (about which be performed better by other marines which could fire very little is known) and soil means, though the carriers missiles from the surface. no proof that Russia was able MUKJLAY STREET lonely Palmerston Island. Poly- to fire a missile from a nesian drum bands, pre- samples were taken by Mr. C. remained the nucleus of the "But, they declared, they MARMCKVILLE G. Vucetich, with particular in- American and British navies. submerged submarine. cariously balanced in canoes, had no reason to believe that "Persistent reports over the met the ship at the next call. terest being shown in the vol- The submarine arm had Russian submarines could do NiW. canic ash of Raoul which assumed great significance, and years that some Russian sub- A i t u t a k i. Explosives were this while submerged. They marines have an underwater landed and the visit ended with provide a link between New progressive military thought frankly doubted if the Russian 'Photic. LA MCI Zealand and the tropics. regarded it as the most suitable missile named the Komet, a native feast and dance. navy had anything to equal behaving rather like the THE NAVY OfCf^fcffg 1940 •4 II Navy steps up Shipping Protection Training visit ports to establish per- sonal liaison with merchant Polaris after it breaks surface In a general article oil the submarines at her base in Albania. shipping authorities. have never been confirmed, Soviet Navy which appeared SEA COMMUNICATIONS and many experts believe they in the "Journal of Commerce," Arising out of the general can be discounted. The range Shipbuilding Edition. 011 18th world situation it had been Reserve Officers Training VITAL of this rocket has been given August. 1960. Rear-Admiral indicated in a Presidential Senator Gorton said that for as about 500 miles. lloran also referred to the Message to Congress early in a country that was so depen- July that it was intended to "Another missile fireable Golem and Komet missiles, but to be increased dent on sea communications it build more Polaris submarines, from the deck of a surfaced described the Komet as a solid- was appropriate that emphasis and also to strengthen the HE RO.VHI Australian Navy into Australian waters every submarine is said to be called fuel missile with a range of shotdd be placed on shipping American Fleets in the East proposes to intensify the day. the Golem. Like the Komet. it T protection. Exercises in this only !);> miles; and the (Jolem and in the Mediterranean. Or. training of its reserve officers He said the State training is reported to have a short field of naval activity were also as being driven by a liquid 24th August. 1960. both the eentres would be run by the range and its existence who. in the event of war, would receiving attention from Aus- fuel and having a range of 300 "Daily Telegraph" and the reserve officers who last month is questioned. Undoubtedly be responsible for the eontrol tralia's allies, and it was im- miles. Admiral Koran also '"News Chronicle" carried attended a Navy Office Confer- Russia is striving to evolve a of merehant shipping. portant that the Royal Austra- thought it unwise to assume messages on this matter, date- ence in Canberra to study and really long-range submarine lian Navy should set a high that Russia, which had the lined from the l.S.S. INDE- The Minister for the Navy, apply the latest techniques of missile 011 Polaris lines.'' standard. nuclear - powered icebreaker PENDENCE. flagship of the Senator Gorton, announced re- shipping protection. The continuous, year-round Commander Hall added that LENIN in service, had 110 Sixth Fleet (the American cently that speeial training In each State a specially Russia was believed to have training meant that more value nuclear submarines yet in Mediterranean Fleet). In the eentres for shipping eontrol equipped room with the neces- could be gained from the an- three nuclear-powered sub- service. This might account "Telegraph" Commander llall officers were being set up in sary charts and instruments marines — but none were yet nual training courses. for reports of unidentified wrote: each State. Instead of merely had been set aised for the re- He added that shipping pro- serving with the fleet. They submarines as tar away as taking part in annual training, serve officers. They would be were thought to have a stand- ". . . . Another aircraft- tection officers, after assessing South America or Australia, the reserve officers would lueet set regular tasks by Navy the potential dangers, were re- ard displacement of about carrier. the SARATOGA, at least once a month. They though they were unlikely to liO.OOO tons, is now 011 passage Office in Canberra, much of the sponsible for advising mer- 3.000 tons and to be designed go undetected in the Mediter- would study techniques of en- practical work being based on for similar duties to the British from the Western Atlantic and chant ships on all matters ranean. where Russia had eight suring safety for sea commu- actual shipping movements. affecting their safety. DREADNOUGHT. is due here next week. nications that bring 220 ships " Reinforcement of the fleet The reserve officers would also (Continued on page 20) is necessary to fulfil commit- ments under N.A.T.O. and largely because of increased WATSON & CRANE PTY. LIMITED Russian submarine activity. P. V. C. COATED NYLON AND TERYLENE "Vice-Admiral George An- • MANUFACTURERS & DISTRIBUTORS of derson. who commands the All Standard and Special Brassware Fittings, including the Sixth Fleet of about 50 ships. FABRICS "WATCRANE" Spring Cock, for the Plumber and Hot Water 25.000 men and 200 aircraft Engineer. . . . said two more Russian submarines were in the Mediter- ... to protect valuable • SUPPLIERS of ranean. These were on training Full range of Gunmetal, Cast Iron and Steel Valval for operations in the Ionian Sea Marine Equipment Water, Air, Oil and Steam; Baths, Basins, lowdown Suites, and 'we are keeping a friendly eye 011 them.' Heaters and "IDEAL" Hot Water Boilers. P.V.C. coetsd Nylon snd Terylsne fsbrics hsve Mr. Angus Macphersou • ELECTROPLATING SPECIALISTS in bssn developed especially for msrins uses ... in reported in the "News big ships they are used extensively for numerous Chrome, Silver, Nickel, Cadmium and Tin. Chronicle" in much the same vitsl purposes, including lifeboat snd winch coven, terms; but suggested that and gangway screens. TYie Naval uses include • FOUNDERS of Russia might now have 12 engine covers for aircraft in R.A.N. Carriers. Non-Ferrous Castings and Hot Pressings, etc., in Brass, submarines in all in the Medi- The overwhelming advantages of P.V.C covers lie Gunmetal, Phosphor Brome, Aluminium Alloys. terranean. He also mentioned P.V.C. fabrics are ideal in small craft • *or in comparatively light weight, resistance to see the nine submarines supplied to overall or engine, etc., covers. • DIE MAKERS Egypt, still partly manned by sir snd retention of greet strength throughout s Russian officers and technicians, long life of protection of vslusblo equipment WORKS AND FOUNDRY: and added: "The Russian sub- sgsinst ths elements. Fairfield Street, Villawood, N.S.W. marine menace in the Mediter- 'Phone: YU 7171 ranean may also lead to further WAREHOUSE: reinforcement of the Sixth PLASTYNE PRODUCTS PTY. LTD. 1037-1047 Bourlte Street, Waterloo, N.S.W. Fleet with a carrier specially JF3229 Waltham Street, ARTARMON designed for detecting and JF 3229 'Phone: MX 5761 attacking submarines." December, I960 17 THE NAVY 16 NEW SUBMARINES FOR K.N. The submarine building pro- gramme is also increasing its tempo. The third of the new "Oheion" class. H.M.S. ON- SLAUGHT. is now afloat, hav- ing been launched at Chatham towards the end of Septeniber. This, of course, is one of the submarines similar to the "Por- poise" boats but incorporating several improvements which have become possible through experience gained in operating the earlier "Porpoises." The ONSLAUGHT is 295 ft. 3 in. long with a beam of 28 ft 6 in. and she will be propelled by diesel-eleetric machinery. Most of her superstructure will be of glass fibre-laminate. The boat, says the Admiralty, will be capabb* of high under- water speed anil will In- able to maintain c mil inu o u s sub- merged patrols in any part of the world. Her weapons will include homing torpedoes.

HELICOPTERS FOR Immersed (or Thirty-nine hours in INDONESIAN NAVY The Indonesian Navy is to Recompression add helicopters to its equii>- •nent. The machines in question are DRIBAR Chamber believed to be Japanese-built Mitsubishi S-55s. At present German diver Gustav Cziesche Indonesia is forming a Fairey COMPRESSED YEAST enjoys a meal during his 39 Gantlet anti-submarine squad- hours' "immersion" in the ron. the pilots for which were VACUUM PACKED Navy's recompression chamber trained at N. 8 F.T.S., Swin- derby. 'Dribacm' is a special form of compressed yeast, at H.M.A.S. Kushcutter. Able A Fairev Aviation mission is dried under scientific conditions and carefully Seaman Glennie, who volun- "The Royal Australian Navy saved at present in Indonesia training compounded with a suitable yeast food. teered to enter the chamber both aircrew and technicians Packed to the high specifications of the Australian with Cziesche to watch his re- and will remain there until Navy my life. I owe it a debt I cannot pay . actions as he recovered, is talk- mid-1961. Obtainable from: Merchants, Stores, Grocers or ing on the telephone to Lieu- The Indonesian Air-Force direct from There were tears in the eyes of the 27-year-old German has two squadrons for maritime tenant Titcombe (right) while migrant as he uttered those words of gratitude in the dawn reconnaissance, one of which is Mauri Brothers & Thomson (N.S.W. Branch) Pty. Ltd. Petty Officer Gilchrist chceks hours of November 25 to officers of 'he Royal Australian Navy's equipped with Convair PBY-5A 2-6 Barrack Street, Sydney — Telephone BX 2601 the pressure gauges of the Catalinas. the other with Grunt- chamber. Diving Section at H.M.A.S. RUSIICUTTER. maii SA-16 Albatross aircraft.

THE NAVY Dacambar. I960 (Continued from page 17) RESERVE OFFICERS IN BIG SALVAGE AWARD • CHARGE An Australian Naval Officer Lt.Cdr. Wheatley, The reserve officers in charge of the shipping protection will Share in Award of £100,000 H. M. S. training in the various States will he: As a result of the largest CEYLON, the frigates l'l'MA. salvage award ever made to the LOCH ALVIE. ST. BRIDE'S TABARD Commander B. L. Dechaineux Navy, nearly :t.7(X) officers and BAY. LOCI I K1LLISPORT. (Tasmania I, Commander E. It. men of II.M. ships anil Royal the ival tug WARDEN ami ARRIVES Hopkins (South Australia), Fleet Auxiliaries are sharing K.F.A.'s CEDARDALE and Commander <>. M. May a sum of about tlOO.(KK). SEA SALVOR. IN (Queensland I, Lieutenant-Com- mander R. (•• Harris (Western They do so in recognition of Salvage money is allocated SYDNEY Australia). Lieutenant - Com- their work in salvaging the by shares based on rank 01* rat- mander A. <>. Bayly (New- tankers MKLIKA and FEK- ing. and therefore relative H. M. S. TABARD South Wales), and Lieutenant- NAND CilLABERT which responsibility. It applies to all arrived in Sydney dur- Commander II. II. Dick (Vic- caught fire and were abandoned serving in the ships at the time. ing November. She will toria). after a collision in the Arabian The largest single award of be th» first of the Sea two years ago. They will work under the tf>99 goes to the commanding British submarines to direction of the N'aval Staff Men who were serving in ten officer of the BULWARK at be refittej at Cockatoo Officer (Trade) at Navy Office. ships share the award: the that time. Captain I'. I). (iick. Island Eockvard. Lieutenant-Commander W. M. aircraft carrier BULWARK, R.N., who was in charge of the Photograph shows Swan. the cruisers SHEFFIELD and initial salvage operation. her Commanding Offi- cer leaving the sub- marine.

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The object ot the Navy League in Australia, like sea training to and instilling naval training in boys its older counterpart, the Navy League in Britain, who intend to serve in Naval or Merchant services is to insist by all means at its disposal upon the and also to those sea-minded boys who do not The largest organisation in Victorian ports for the supply and erection of fittings vital importance of Sea Power to the British intend to folow a sea career, but who, gjvm this Commonwealth of Nations. The League sponsors knowledge, w* form a valuable Reserve for the for the carriage of every description of cargo. Bulk grain fittings a speciality. the Australian Sea Cadet Corps by giving technical Naval Service. Tile League consists of Fellows (Annual or Life) and Associates. Dunnage supplied, holds cleaned. Decks caulked. Carpenters, joiners and All British subjects who signify approval to the oojects of the League are eligible. shipwrights supplied. MAY WE ASK YOU TO JOIN and swell oar members so that the Navy League is AutrmOs UT ha widely known and exercise an important Influence in the life of the AastraUaa Nation? For particulars, contact The Secretary, 66 Clarence Street, Sydney, N.S.W. 88-102 NORMANBY RD., SOUTH MELBOURNE or The Secretary, Room 8, »th Floor, S2B Collins Street, Melbourne. C.I, Victoria or one of the Hon. Secretaries at: Telephone: MX 5231 Telegrams and Cables: " FLEETWAYS," Melbourne * S.P.O. Brisbane, Queensland • 30 Pirie Street. Adelaide, S> — — * ™ Sin

THE NAVY 20 D.c.mb.r, I960 21 (Continued from page 9) grass and this had choked the provide forward propulsion. system, did overcome some of intakes. This year much more This is the duty of a separate the ordinary helicopter's han is known about this method of power unit. Clearly the critic dicaps and it has shown a jet lift and, most important of could point to this battery of higher forward speed. It should all. transitions have been mailj lift engines and say that the be more economical iu cruising between the condition of direct VTOL principles of the SC.l flight. Yet it retains the ability jet lift, such as is used at take- arc as uneconomic as those of to take off vertically, to off and again at landing, and the ordinary helicopter. The land vertically, and to the condition of normal cruis- helicopter makes its wings hover. (It should be added that ing flight when the aircraft is, travel much farther than they its hovering ability is restricted to all intents and purposes, a need ill cruising flight; the compared with that of a con- conventional aircraft. It is then SC.l carries a load of engines ventional helicopter). drawn forward by its power which it does not need in cruis- Vet the Rotodyne cannot be plant and supported by its ing flight. It would be a diffi- the whole answer to the appli- wings just as the conventional cult matter to decide whieh was cation of VTOL to naval pur- aeroplane has been since the basically the more uneconomic! poses. Something more is still days of the Wright Itrothers. I tut it is clear that in the wanted. And it may be that Hut lest we become too en- SC.l there are possibilities of the Short SC.l has that some- thusiastic about the SC.l's way development of the highest im- thing though obviously in very of Might, let it be noted that portance. It may be that their crude and elementary form. It it carries a battery of small, realization is approached in the may be recalled that the SC.l lightweight, jet engines solely new llawker P1127. There had was at Karnborough last year for vertical flight and hovering been hopes at one time that and that it did a vertical take- flight. These jet engines are this might be seen in flight at off. but was immediately forced susceptible to angular adjust- Karnborough this year but to land again because the jet ment for assisting in the tran- the date of the first public lift engines had drawn in sitions between forward and presentation does not greatly great masses of freshly mown vertical flight, but they do not affect the issue. This aircraft

Precision Built tor Reliability... JNUTTALL

LATHES uses the Bristol Siddelev BS53 a space scarcely larger in di- given way to the mobile site— dueled fail engine which is ex- mensions than the overall Built i Australia to Schl.ling.r that is to the ship-based Polaris Limits. pressly designed for VTOL dimensions of the aircraft is and the aircraft-based Sky- aircraft and which is so ar- realized. The hope of centuries Bolt. But that same basic Inverted V.. type bed — Timlrin ranged that its direction of —for cruising performance principle applies to all the bearing h.adstock with large bore thrust can be altered at will. coupled with landing and tak- hollow spindle. instruments of defence. Even- The PI 127 will therefore be ing off performance—is 011 the aircraft is enhanced iu military- EARLY DELIVERY AVALIABLE able to use the same power unit way to achievement. value as its base becomes more INCLUDING for vertical take-off and verti- During the past 12 months mobile. LATHE CHUCKS — LATHE TOOLS cal landing and for cruising we have seen the official views And the crux of VTOL de- — DRILLING MACHINES — flight. In other words it will on national defence undergo velopments is that they will MILLING MACHINES —GRINDING not be carrying unnecessary some considerable changes. eventually produce aircraft in MACHINES — HACKSAWING weight nor will it he making These changes have been in nearly every category which MACHINES — BANDSAWS, BV. its wings travel an unnecessary accordance with the criticisms will be freed from the ties of distance. of independent observers. For the fixed runway and the On* of a large rang* available, including:! DISTRIBUTORS Note now flic vast scope of instance it has at last been static aerodrome. There is 110 Centre — Sliding — Surfacing — Screw- such a machine for work with officially appreciated that mo- branch of aeronautical en- a fleet at sea. The cruising cutting — Capstan — Automatic — Turret MODERN TOOLS Ply. Lid. bility in defence systems is as deavour at the present time speed can be high—the per- — Special Purpose. j 414 BOTANY ROAD - ALEXANDRIA • NSW important as ever" it was and which is of greater significance formance of the PI 127 is said that static rocket sites are 11 Telephone: MX 4327 to all who are interested in to equal that of the Hunter— waste of time ami money. The naval matters than this work yet the ability fo take off from static site lias accordingly OM VTOL machines.

22 THE NAVY December, I960 23 Famous '/1 0-/ r* since 1835

TOOTH'S H.M.A.S. BASS are proud EATA Commissioned to supply K.A.N.'8 FOURTH SURVEY SHIP their products EX RA II.M.A.S. BASS was commissioned at Garden Island 011 the 14th November, 1960. Built by Walkers Ltd., Maryborough, Qld., to the EGGA she is a general purpose vessel 90 feet long and has a displacement of '232 tons. ROYAL DAYi She has been equipped for survey duties and will begin her career by surveying in Vic- torian waters early in January. AUSTRALIAN After completing this survey she will pro- ceed to South Australian and then to Queens- Remember—Two Eggs land waters. NAVY! She carries a complement of 2 Officers and are always better than one! 14 men. A sister ship, II.M.A.S., BANKS, is at present Inserted by the Poultry Farmers of NS.W. TOOTH & CO. LIMITED who are. of course, the Egg Marketing Board engaged on surveying work in North Aus- DtAUGNT BIERS: Tooth's XXX (0ld>-Tooth's Woverlcy—Tooth's Looer—Tooth's for the State of N.8.W. tralian wnters and is also used as a Fisheries New—Tooth's Old K«nt—Resch's XXX—Resch's Country Special. Surveillance work. •OTTIED BEERS: Tooth's KB lager—Resch's Dinner Ale—Resch's Pilsener—Tooth's Sheaf Stout. son DRINKS: "Blue Bow" in a wide variety of aerated waters and cordials. THE NAVY

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