Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal in the OSCE Region: Analysis and Findings, Occasional Paper Series No

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal in the OSCE Region: Analysis and Findings, Occasional Paper Series No Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS FOR THE PURPOSE OF ORGAN REMOVAL IN THE OSCE REGION: Analysis and Findings OCCASIONAL SERIES PAPER 6 NO. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe ISBN: 978-92-9234-440-5 Published by the OSCE Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings Wallnerstr. 6, 1010 Vienna, Austria Tel.: + 43 1 514 36 66 64 Fax: + 43 1 514 36 62 99 e-mail: [email protected] © 2013 OSCE/ Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings Design: Sebastian Traxl, Vienna Cite as: OSCE Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal in the OSCE Region: Analysis and Findings, Occasional Paper Series no. 6 (July 2013). Copyright: “All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be freely used and copied for educational and other non-commercial purposes, provided that any such reproduction is accompanied by an acknowledgement of the OSCE/Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings as the source.” The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is a pan-European security body whose 57 participating States span the geographical area from Vancouver to Vladivostok. Recognized as a regional arrangement under Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, the OSCE is a primary instrument for early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation in its area. Its approach to security is unique in being both comprehensive and co-operative: comprehensive in that it deals with three dimensions of security – the human, the politico-military and the economic/environmental. It therefore addresses a wide range of security-related concerns, including human rights, arms control, confidence- and security-building measures, national minorities, democratization, policing strategies, counter-terrorism and economic and environmental activities. PARTICIPATING STATES: Albania | Andorra | Armenia | Austria | Azerbaijan | Belarus | Belgium | Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria | Canada | Croatia | Cyprus | Czech Republic | Denmark | Estonia | Finland | France | Georgia | Germany Greece | Holy See | Hungary | Iceland | Ireland | Italy | Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan | Latvia | Liechtenstein | Lithuania Luxembourg | the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | Malta | Moldova | Monaco | Mongolia | Montenegro Netherlands | Norway | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Russian Federation | San Marino | Serbia | Slovakia | Slovenia Spain | Sweden Switzerland | Tajikistan | Turkey | Turkmenistan | Ukraine | United Kingdom | United States of America Uzbekistan ASIAN PARTNERS FOR CO-OPERATION: Afghanistan | Australia | Japan | Republic of Korea | Thailand MEDITERRANEAN PARTNERS FOR CO-OPERATION: Algeria | Egypt | Israel | Jordan | Morocco | Tunisia The materials in this publication are for general information purposes only, provided on an “as is” basis, without warranties of any kind, including fitness for any particular purpose. The OSCE, specifically, does not make any warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information in this publication. The views, findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the OSCE and/or its participating States. To the extent permitted by law, the OSCE does not accept any liability for any loss, damage, liability or expense incurred or suffered, which may arise as a result of, or in connection with, the use of information contained in this publication. Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS FOR THE PURPOSE OF ORGAN REMOVAL IN THE OSCE REGION: Analysis and Findings Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8 ACRONYMS 9 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 10 1.1 Overview 10 1.2 Mandate and Terms of Reference 11 1.3 Methodology 12 1.4 Disclaimer 13 1.5 Terminology 13 CHAPTER II: THE LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK 14 2.1 The Concept of THB/OR in law 14 2.2 The Policy Context of THB/OR 16 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH FINDINGS ON THB/OR 17 3.1 Global Context 17 3.2 OSCE Region 19 3.2.1 Scope and Scale of THB/OR 19 3.2.2 Gender Issues 21 3.2.3 Children 21 3.2.4 Cases Analysed in the OSCE Region 22 3.3 Financial Scale 23 CHAPTER IV: MODUS OPERANDI OF THB/OR NETWORKS 27 4.1 Introduction 27 4.2 Modus Operandi in the OSCE Region 27 4.2.1 Establishing a THB/OR Network 28 4.2.2 Victim-Donor Recruitment 28 4.2.3 Means 28 4.2.4 Transplant 28 4.2.5 Consequences 29 4.2.6 Logistics 29 4.3 Elements of THB/OR Networks 29 4.3.1 Participants 29 4.4 Victims of THB/OR 31 4.5 Organ Recipients 31 4.6 Variation and Flexibility in THB/OR Networks 31 4.7 Links to “traditional organized crime” 32 4.8 An Alternative Look at THB/OR Modes 32 CHAPTER V: CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSE AND CHALLENGES 34 5.1 Over view 34 5.2 General Analysis 34 5.3 Regulatory/Administrative Measures 35 5.3.1 Legal Qualifications / Charging 35 5.4 Challenges Arising from the Transnational Dimension 36 5.4.1 International Legal Assistance 37 5.4.2 Need for Co-operation 37 5.4.3 Promoting Information Sharing 39 CHAPTER VI: MEDICAL ETHICS AND OTHER ISSUES 41 6.1 Role of Medical Professionals 41 6.2 Medical Professionals and Transplant Surgeries 41 6.3 Pre-operative and Post-operative Care 43 6.4 “Transplant Tourism” 45 6.5 Potential Linkages to Trafficking of OTC 46 CHAPTER VII: ADDRESSING VICTIMS’ RIGHTS AND NEEDS IN PRACTICE 47 7.1 Overview of the Rights Framework for Victims of THB/OR 47 7.2 A Preliminary Assessment of the Needs of Victims of THB/OR 50 7.3 Considerations for Addressing Victims’ Needs 52 7.3.1 Outreach work 52 7.3.2 Health care 53 7.3.3 Psychological counselling 54 7.3.4 Legal counselling and representation 54 7.3.5 Vocational training and labour inclusion 55 7.3.6 Accommodation 57 7.3.7 Partnership and multi-agency work 57 7.3.8 Research 57 CHAPTER VIII: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDED NEXT STEPS 59 8.1 Conclusion 59 8.2 Recommended Next Steps 60 ANNEX A: SUMMARY OF CASES 63 ANNEX B: LIST OF EXPERTS CONSULTED 70 ANNEX C: MAIN REFERENCES 71 OSCE/Blanca Tapia OSCE/Alberto Andreani FOREWORD Since the beginning of my mandate in 2010, one of my research because it is not within my mandate. Firstly, priorities has been to address some of the most invisi- our research does not address allegations of organ ble forms of trafficking in human beings (THB). Traf- trafficking related to alleged war crimes, since they do ficking for the purpose of organ removal is included in not involve trafficking in human beings. Secondly, it is the United Nations Palermo Protocol on Trafficking of important to clarify an important distinction between 2000 in its definition of trafficking in Article 3, but in what is known as organ trafficking, and trafficking in fact this form of trafficking remains one of the most human beings for the purpose of organ removal. My unknown and least addressed. In recent years however, mandate is of course based on trafficking in human we have seen an increase in attention to the subject, in beings; organ trafficking is a separate issue as has been part due to several high profile cases within the OSCE recognized by the United Nations and the Council region, as well as due to the long-standing efforts of of Europe 4, it raises a whole other set of factual and investigative journalists, academics and victim advo- legal considerations. Furthermore, our research does cates who have gone to great lengths to shed light on not cover trafficking of tissues and cells, as it is not this phenomenon. widely recognized to fall within the meaning of “organ removal” within the relevant definition of trafficking Trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ for organ removal. 5 removal (THB/OR) is, like all other forms of traffick- ing, a violation of the fundamental human rights and This Occasional Paper is based on actual reported dignity of individuals, while also clearly representing incidents or cases of THB/OR that have been inves- a grave form of transnational organized crime. My tigated to different degrees, and in some cases, fully mandate to address this form of trafficking stems prosecuted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the back to the OSCE Action Plan to Combat Traffick- first research paper based on an analysis of available ing in Human Beings 1. Other OSCE commitments case studies in the OSCE region. It is thus not pos- throughout the years refer to all forms of trafficking; 2 sible to make any comparisons to the global context most recently in the Vilnius Declaration 3, participat- of the crime, even though the 2012 Global Report on ing States expressed their deep concern for this form Trafficking in Persons has identified a similar scope of trafficking. and scale of the crime. 6 A brief annex of cases where It is important to note at the outset what has not 4 See for instance, Council of Europe and United Nations, Trafficking in organs, tissues and cells and trafficking in human beings for the been included within the terms of reference for this purpose of the removal of organs, Joint Council of Europe/United Nations Study (2009). 1 OSCE Permanent Council, Decision No. 557/Rev. 1 OSCE Action Plan 5 The paper thus does not consider, for instance, the trafficking of to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings (Vienna, 7 July 2005).
Recommended publications
  • Trafficking in Persons for the Removal Of
    TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS FOR THE REMOVAL OF ORGANS IN INDIA: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON VULNERABILITY AND PROTECTION By KATHERINE FINDLEY A dissertation submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Social Work Written under the direction of Dr. Patricia Findley And approved by ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October, 2018 TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS FOR THE REMOVAL OF ORGANS IN INDIA: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON VULNERABILITY AND PROTECTION By KATHERINE FINDLEY Dissertation director: Dr. Patricia Findley This dissertation explores how influences on the individual, family, community, and governmental level impact susceptibility to trafficking in persons for the removal of organs (TPRO) in India. Two of the research questions examine specifically what impacts vulnerability and protection among a sample of 43 individuals living in a community in India. The third research question explores the role of the living organ donor assessment process in the prevention of trafficking. In this dissertation, the theoretical understanding of how choices are made, or not made, particularly by vulnerable individuals, is explored. Qualitative interviews were conducted with persons trafficked for organ removal and persons not trafficked for organ removal who are living within the same socio-economic environment, but who were not all trafficked for organ removal. Study data were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory methods. Findings from this study show that economic, cultural, and social influences affect both protection from and susceptibility to trafficking.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Trafficking for the Purpose of Organ Removal
    HUMAN TRAFFICKING FOR THE PURPOSE OF ORGAN REMOVAL Jessica de Jong Human trafficking for the purpose of organ removal Jessica de Jong Copyright © 2017, Jessica de Jong Cover art: Roger Klaassen Layout cover: Liedewij Vogelzang ISBN 978-90-393-6817-6 Financial support by the National Police is gratefully acknowledged. All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the author. Human trafficking for the purpose of organ removal Mensenhandel met het oogmerk van orgaanverwijdering (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 20 oktober 2017 des middags te 4.15 uur door Jessica Elisabeth Clasina de Jong geboren op 24 februari 1986 te Driebergen-Rijsenburg Promotoren: Prof. dr. D. Siegel Prof. dr. C.R.J.J. Rijken Voor Koos, mijn grote liefde Contents List of abbreviations 9 Introduction 11 1. Research and analysis process 15 1.1 Research methods 16 1.1.1 Desk research 16 1.1.2 Case studies 17 1.1.2.1 Interviews 20 1.1.2.2 Court documents 23 1.1.2.3 Documentaries 23 1.1.3 Expert meetings 25 1.2 Analysis methods 26 1.3 Validity and triangulation 26 1.4 Ethical issues 27 1.5 Limitations of the study 28 2. Prohibition, violation and enforcement 29 2.1 The prohibition and its influence 30 2.1.1 WHO’s Guiding Principles 30
    [Show full text]
  • Public Anthropology
    PERSPECTIVES: AN OPEN INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY Nina Brown, Thomas McIlwraith, Laura Tubelle de González The American Anthropological Association Arlington, VA Perspectives: An Open Introduction to Cultural Anthropology by Nina Brown, Thomas McIlwraith, Laura Tubelle de González is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Under this CC BY-NC 4.0 copyright license you are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. 1919 PUBLIC ANTHROPOLOGY Robert Borofsky, Hawaii Pacific University, Center for a Public Anthropology [email protected] http://www.publicanthropology.org/ As an example of public anthropology (following the model of the Kahn Academy), Dr. Borofsky has created short 10-15 minute videos on key topics in anthropology for introductory students. All 28 videos are available from the Perspectives: An Open Introduction to Cultural Anthropology website. Learning Objectives • Explain how the structure of academic careers, topical specialization, and writing styles contribute to difficulty with communicating findings from academic anthropology to a wider public. • Identify examples of anthropological research that has contributed to the public good. • Define public anthropology and distinguish it from academic anthropology and applied anthropology. • Assess the factors that contribute to a desire for public engagement in anthropology as well as the obstacles to this engagement.
    [Show full text]
  • Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal
    TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS FOR THE PURPOSE OF ORGAN REMOVAL A Comprehensive Literature Review Assya Pascalev - Bulgarian Center for Bioethics, Bulgaria Jessica de Jong - Central Division of the National Police, the Netherlands Frederike Ambagtsheer - Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands Susanne Lundin - Lund University, Sweden Ninoslav Ivanovski - University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Natalia Codreanu - Renal Foundation, Moldova Martin Gunnarson - Lund University, Sweden Jordan Yankov - Bulgarian Center for Bioethics, Bulgaria Mihaela Frunza - Academic Society for the Research of Religions and Ideologies, Romania Ingela Byström - Lund University, Sweden Michael Bos - Eurotransplant International Foundation, The Netherlands Willem Weimar - Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands December 2013 This report is published with the financial support of the Prevention of and Fight against Crime Programme European Commission – Directorate General Home Affairs. The HOTT project has been funded with the support of the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which can be made of the information contained therein. Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal Please do not cite this report This report will be published in 2014 as: Pascalev A, De Jong J, Ambagtsheer F, Lundin S, Ivanovski N, Codreanu C, Gunnarson M, Yankov J, Frunza M, Byström I, Bos M, Weimar W, Trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal: a comprehensive literature review. Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers 2014. This review is the first delivery of a series of reports forthcoming under the HOTT project: 1. Literature review (December 2013) 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Manslaughter Trial Ends in Hung Jury
    Your Local Connection November 1, 2007 North Brunswick * South Brunswick 50$ Look of despair Schiano's Scarlet Knights get trounced by West Virginia in the rain Page 24 Entertainer Check out this week's Just Go! Page 20 Quote of the week: SCOTT FRIEDMAN "I hate cfowns." Olga Jimenez-Delgado (r), of the Middlesex County Division of Solid Waste Management, helps Mindy Chervin, of North Brunswick, empty her old paperwork into a truck during a free paper-shredding event held at the North Brunswick Municipal Building on Saturday. — Nicole Traves Page 14 Manslaughter trial ends in hung jury stated that he believed the boy sustained blunt tified for the defense that the injuries that State must decide force trauma injuries to his abdomen and back, caused the child's death could have occurred Index by December whether causing a broken vertebrae and massive inter- up to three days prior. He agreed with DiCarlo 30 to proceed with retrial nal bleeding near the kidneys, the adrenal that homicide was the likely cause of death, 22 glands, the intestinal lining and the psoas but neither he nor the defense speculated on Editorials ,.10 BY JENNIFER AMATO muscle. who else might have been responsible. Entertainment 20 Staff Writer He told the jury that such injuries were Baden said a slip in his mother's bathroom inflicted about a half-hour to an hour prior to just days prior could have caused the broken Obituaries 17 fter six days of deliberation, a state Police Beat ..15 the 10:46 a.m. 911 call on Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham Research Online
    Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 28 June 2018 Version of attached le: Submitted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Atkinson, S. (2016) 'Care, kidneys and clones : the distance of space, time and imagination.', in The Edinburgh companion to the critical medical humanities. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press., pp. 611-626. Edinburgh companions to literature and the humanities. Further information on publisher's website: https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-the-edinburgh-companion-to-the-critical-medical-humanities.html Publisher's copyright statement: Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk Care, Kidneys and Clones: the distance of space, time and imagination Sarah Atkinson Department of Geography and the Centre for Medical Humanities, Durham University ‘We lived, as usual by ignoring. Ignoring isn't the same as ignorance, you have to work at it.’ (Margaret Atwood in The Handmaid’s Tale)1 Care as a concept is central to any engagement with health, ill-health and the practices that aim to prevent, mitigate or cure, and the term itself is mobilised in a variety of different ways and at a variety of different scales.
    [Show full text]
  • A Report on Trafficking in Women and Children in India 2002-2003
    NHRC - UNIFEM - ISS Project A Report on Trafficking in Women and Children in India 2002-2003 Coordinator Sankar Sen Principal Investigator - Researcher P.M. Nair IPS Volume I Institute of Social Sciences National Human Rights Commission UNIFEM New Delhi New Delhi New Delhi Final Report of Action Research on Trafficking in Women and Children VOLUME – 1 Sl. No. Title Page Reference i. Contents i ii. Foreword (by Hon’ble Justice Dr. A.S. Anand, Chairperson, NHRC) iii-iv iii. Foreword (by Hon’ble Mrs. Justice Sujata V. Manohar) v-vi iv. Foreword (by Ms. Chandani Joshi (Regional Programme Director, vii-viii UNIFEM (SARO) ) v. Preface (by Dr. George Mathew, ISS) ix-x vi. Acknowledgements (by Mr. Sankar Sen, ISS) xi-xii vii. From the Researcher’s Desk (by Mr. P.M. Nair, NHRC Nodal Officer) xii-xiv Chapter Title Page No. Reference 1. Introduction 1-6 2. Review of Literature 7-32 3. Methodology 33-39 4. Profile of the study area 40-80 5. Survivors (Rescued from CSE) 81-98 6. Victims in CSE 99-113 7. Clientele 114-121 8. Brothel owners 122-138 9. Traffickers 139-158 10. Rescued children trafficked for labour and other exploitation 159-170 11. Migration and trafficking 171-185 12. Tourism and trafficking 186-193 13. Culturally sanctioned practices and trafficking 194-202 14. Missing persons versus trafficking 203-217 15. Mind of the Survivor: Psychosocial impacts and interventions for the survivor of trafficking 218-231 16. The Legal Framework 232-246 17. The Status of Law-Enforcement 247-263 18. The Response of Police Officials 264-281 19.
    [Show full text]
  • Epistemic Communities, Human Rights, and the Global Diffusion of Legislation Against the Organ Trade
    social sciences $€ £ ¥ Article Epistemic Communities, Human Rights, and the Global Diffusion of Legislation against the Organ Trade Fikresus Amahazion Department of Sociology and Social Work, National College of Arts and Social Sciences, Asmara 12423, Eritrea; Tel.: +291-711-8538; [email protected] Academic Editor: Martin J. Bull Received: 11 August 2016; Accepted: 19 October 2016; Published: 27 October 2016 Abstract: Over the past several decades, over 100 countries have passed legislation banning commercial organ transplantation. What explains this rapid, global diffusion of laws? Based on qualitative data from in-depth interviews, historical analysis, and secondary sources, this paper explores the role played by the medical epistemic community and human rights in the global spread of laws against the organ trade. In addition to shaping, guiding, and influencing norms and approaches to transplantation, the epistemic community has been instrumental in the development of various resolutions, policy initiatives, recommended practices, statements, legislation, and model laws. Moreover, the epistemic community helped position the organ trade as an issue of societal and global importance, and it persistently encouraged states to undertake actions, such as implementing legislation, to combat the organ trade. Critically, the epistemic community’s efforts against the organ trade incorporated the concepts of human rights, integrity, and dignity, which had diffused globally and become institutionalized in the period after WWII. Keywords: world culture; human rights; organ trafficking; policy diffusion; epistemic communities; law; policy 1. Introduction Transplantation, the process of replacing failing organs in one individual with healthy organs from another, is “hailed as one of the great miracles of modern science” ([1], p.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Anthropology Wenner-Gren Symposium Current Anthropology Supplementary Issues (In Order of Appearance)
    Forthcoming Current Anthropology Wenner-Gren Symposium Current Anthropology Supplementary Issues (in order of appearance) VOLUME 58 SUPPLEMENT 15 FEBRUARY 2017 Fire and the Genus Homo. Francesco Berna and Dennis Sandgathe, eds. Current Human Colonization of Asia in the Late Pleistocene. Christopher Bae, Michael Petraglia, and Katerina Douka, eds. The Anthropology of Corruption. Sarah Muir and Akhil Gupta, eds. Anthropology Previously Published Supplementary Issues Working Memory: Beyond Language and Symbolism. Thomas Wynn and THE WENNER-GREN SYMPOSIUM SERIES Frederick L. Coolidge, eds. Engaged Anthropology: Diversity and Dilemmas. Setha M. Low and February 2017 Sally Engle Merry, eds. NEW MEDIA, NEW PUBLICS? Corporate Lives: New Perspectives on the Social Life of the Corporate Form. Damani Partridge, Marina Welker, and Rebecca Hardin, eds. GUEST EDITORS: CHARLES HIRSCHKIND, MARIA JOSÉ A. DE ABREU, AND CARLO CADUFF The Origins of Agriculture: New Data, New Ideas. T. Douglas Price and Ofer Bar-Yosef, eds. New Media, New Publics? The Biological Anthropology of Living Human Populations: World Histories, Gods in the Time of Automobility National Styles, and International Networks. Susan Lindee and 58 Volume Ricardo Ventura Santos, eds. Reel Accidents: Screening the Ummah under Siege in Wartime Maluku Graduated Publics: Mediating Trance in the Age of Technical Reproduction Human Biology and the Origins of Homo. Susan Antón and Leslie C. Aiello, eds. GoPro Occupation: Networked Cameras, Israeli Military Rule, Potentiality and Humanness: Revisiting the Anthropological Object in and the Digital Promise Contemporary Biomedicine. Klaus Hoeyer and Karen-Sue Taussig, eds. The Crisis in Crisis Alternative Pathways to Complexity: Evolutionary Trajectories in the Middle Too Much Democracy in All the Wrong Places: Toward a Grammar Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age.
    [Show full text]
  • Organ Trafficking and the TVPA: Why One Word Makes a Difference in International Enforcement Efforts
    Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy (1985-2015) Volume 24 Issue 1 Article 7 2007 Organ Trafficking and the TVPA: Why One Word Makes a Difference in International Enforcement Efforts Elizabeth Pugliese Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/jchlp Recommended Citation Elizabeth Pugliese, Organ Trafficking and the TVPA: Why One Word Makes a Difference in International Enforcement Efforts, 24 J. Contemp. Health L. & Pol'y 181 (2008). Available at: https://scholarship.law.edu/jchlp/vol24/iss1/7 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy (1985-2015) by an authorized editor of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ORGAN TRAFFICKING AND THE TVPA: WHY ONE WORD MAKES A DIFFERENCE IN INTERNATIONAL ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS Elizabeth Pugliese* INTRODUCTION A guy goes into a bar for a drink. The next morning, he wakes up in a hotel bathtub covered in ice up to his chest. There is a note taped to the wall that tells him not to move and to immediately call 9-1-1 from the cell phone next to the tub. He does and the operator tells him to carefully feel his back. The man feels a closed incision. The operator tells him to remain calm, an ambulance is on the way. Then the operator tells him what happened; he is the victim of organ theft.' This story is an urban myth. The reality is, although no one is waking up in bathtubs without kidneys, organs are being sold, sometimes willingly, sometimes not.
    [Show full text]
  • Personalised Medicine, Individual Choice and the Common Good
    PERSONALISED MEDICINE, INDIVIDUAL CHOICE AND THE COMMON GOOD Hippocrates famously advised doctors, ‘it is far more important to know what person the disease has than what disease the person has’. Yet 2,500 years later, ‘personalised medicine’, based on individual genetic profiling and the achievements of genomic research, claims to be revolutionary. In this book, experts from a wide range of disciplines critically examine this claim. They expand the discussion of personalised medicine beyond its usual scope to include many other highly topical issues, including: • human nuclear genome transfer (‘three-parent IVF’) • stem cell-derived gametes • private umbilical cord blood banking • international trade in human organs • biobanks such as the US Precision Medicine Initiative • direct-to-consumer genetic testing • health and fitness self-monitoring Although these technologies often prioritise individual choice, the original ideal of genomic research saw the human genome as ‘the common heritage of humanity’. The authors question whether personalised medicine actually threatens this conception of the common good. britta van beers is an associate professor at VU University Amsterdam. As a legal philosopher she explores the notions of person- hood and corporality within the regulation of biomedical technologies, such as assisted reproductive technologies, markets in human body mate- rials and biomedical tourism. In 2011 she received the Praemium Erasmianum Research Prize for her PhD dissertation on the legal relation- ship between persons and their bodies in the era of medical biotechnology (2009). Recent publications include the co-edited volumes Humanity in International Law and Biolaw (Cambridge University Press, 2014) and Symbolic Legislation and Developments in Biolaw (2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Character Letters
    Case 5:17-cr-00390-JS Document 224-1 Filed 08/22/18 Page 1 of 279 Character Letters Edwin Pawlowski Character Letters for Sentencing Name Occupation ☐ 1. James F. Reilly, M.D. Trauma Surgeon ☐ 2. Bill Leiner Lehigh County Commissioner at Large (2007) ☐ 3. Al Ritter Allentown Resident ☐ 4. Amy C. Beck, LSW, MSW Executive Director of LVCIL ☐ 5. Andre Boyle Former Resident of Allentown ☐ 6. Ann Breidenbach ESL (English Second Language) Teacher ☐ 7. Anthony Piergiovanni, Jr. Lehigh Valley Resident ☐ 8. Anthony Telesha, D.C. Chiropractic Physician ☐ 9. Ayoub Jarrouj President; Syrian Arab American Charity Association ☐ 10. Bill Villa Ad Agency Creative Director; Allentown resident ☐ 11. Carlen Blackstone Teacher; Former Allentown resident (1979 – 2010) ☐ 12. Carlos G. Rodriguez, Esquire Attorney; Allentown Resident. ☐ 13. Carol M. Klinetob Lehigh County Resident ☐ 14. Carol Williams Allentown Resident ☐ 15. Cesar Perez School Bus Driver ☐ 16. Chad Licsko Executive Chef Bethlehem Area School District ☐ 17. David R. Noel Dual Temp Company; Allentown Business Owner ☐ 18. Deborah & Giles Baker Registered Nurse at St. Luke’s Bethlehem Hospital ☐ 19. Debbie DeLong Realtor in Lehigh Valley; Allentown Resident ☐ 20. Denise Jennings Allentown Resident ☐ 21. Denise Simon Allentown Resident ☐ 22. Donald A. Ritter Allentown Resident ☐ 23. Donald and Barbara Svachula Long-time Friends ☐ 24. Eileen Fricke Sister ☐ 25. Elizabeth Perez Allentown Resident ☐ 26. Elizabeth Seton Silver Certified Public Accountant; Friend. ☐ 27. Eugenia Santos Allentown Resident ☐ 28. Frank Sciackitana Lakeview Realty Investors, LLC; Nephew 1 Case 5:17-cr-00390-JS Document 224-1 Filed 08/22/18 Page 2 of 279 Name Occupation ☐ 29. George A. Heitczman Attorney; Lehigh Valley ☐ 30.
    [Show full text]