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“Avesta” in the Study of the Ancient Socio-Economic Life of Central Asia

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“Avesta” in the Study of the Ancient Socio-Economic Life of Central Asia 1 shkolanauki.ru The role of “Avesta” in the study of the ancient socio-economic life of Central Asia Botirova Nafosat Hurmatbekovna, Teacher of the Department of history Faculty of history Urgench State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan Abstract. In this article, the Bible of the religion of Zarathustra is considered to be about the data of Avesta. The article analyzes the current economic, social life of the peoples living in the territory of Central Asia, the patriarchal – seed relations in society, the divine reflections of the population, philosophical and moral views. Keywords: ancient world, Yasht, Videvdat, anria, sakrana, Tchaikastku, Xshatrasauka, Zaratushtra, Kavi Vishtasp, nmana, vis, zantu. 1. Introduction property. “At Avesta it is said that he enslaved those who Khorezm is one of the foci of ancient culture. The were captured in the war. The term "vaysa" in it means a most ancient of the encyclopedic works embodying the slave. And from slaves it is noted that it was used in ancient history, customs, worldview, spiritual and moral cattle-feeding, in the extraction of canals, in the views of the Khorezm peoples is Avesta. The Avesta book construction of fortresses and other, heavy labor. reflects the primitive and ancient divine images of According to the researchers, approximately BC in the Uzbek, Tajik, Azerbaijani, Persian and other peoples, IX-VIII centuries, there was a high level of dependence philosophical and moral views, socio-political life. between the herbivorous farming and the livestock 2. Literature review population. Representatives of the kavids (Kayyonids) Avesta's Yasht and Videvdat books provide a wealth dynasty fought with the "species" cattle tribes. Kavi of information about the places, mountains that existed Khusrav fought hard with the companion of the"species" in the territory of Central Asia at that time, as well as Franco (Afrasiab in the "royal"), who defeated him about the history of the ancient population that lived on around Lake Chaychast. The Tsar Kavi Vishtasp, who this land. In the game it is noted that the influence of accepted the teaching of Zaratushtra (Zardusht), fought patriarchal – seed relations in the social life of society with the captains of the Turanian tribes-Ashtarvant, has been preserved for quite a long time[1]. The family at Arjatasp and others[5]. According to the researchers, the Avesta-the first bud of society, founded by the term most ancient parts of Avesta ("Yasht"and"Gats", about nmana (Imana). Seedesa is pronounced with the name" mile. avv. IX-VIII centuries) embodied in the imagination vis". "Vis "is made up of a certain rural population and of non-written times. "Avesta" provides information they are also referred to as" Vis". Several seeds United about the Society of crop farmers and farmers. This and formed a tribe. And the tribes were called"zantu "in" society is" military democracy", that is, it consists of Avesta " [2]. various social groups and categories at the stage of In the Avesta book again, information about such transition to the first statehood[6]. In the twentieth tribes as "anria", "tunria" (tour), "Sakrana", "Sainadaha", century, due to a more extensive study of the content of who lived on the territory of Central Asia at that time, is Avesta, important information on the ancient socio- presented. In the Jade section of Avesta, the king of the economic and political system of Central Asia was nomadic species tribe, Frankrassian (Afrasiab), covered. In the 30-40-ies of the same century, the compared to the idol, Javi Usan's son, Syavarshan famous antiquarian S.P. Tolstov covered issues related Frankrassian d the xshatrosauka stronghold on the to the history of ancient Khorezm, based on "Avesta"in a "country of the species" and "high divine Kanghe", number of articles and monographs on the history of the meaning "escape to the country of the species" [3]. This Ancient Society of the Region[7]. information is mentioned in the history of statehood of In 50-60-ies of the XX century Orientalists the nomadic world, especially as the ruler of the Ariy M.M.Dyakonova and I.M.Dyakonovs considered such country[4]. In the Avesta data, information about the issues as the society" Avesta", the family and its fact that their king Frankrassian reigned over all the bees composition, seed, tribe, their structure, territorial can be considered as new information about the first location, interaction[8]. On the basis of the statehood of the nomadic world. In the book Avesta it is geographical, territorial names reflected in Avesta, the noted that several tribes of the tribes united into a large list of regions listed in the source, the problem on the Union and formed an alliance of tribes. They were called boundaries of the Avesta peoples and their territorial "Daxyu". A large territory, that is, the province also location was analyzed[9]. In the 50-60-ies of the XX meant. The head of the region is referred to as century, the study of the ancient socio-economic "Daxyupati". "Daxyu sastir "is an administrative-political system of Central Asia became an urgent task. A number unit of the province that has grown to the state level, of scientists, including I.M.Dyakonov, V.A.Livshits, S.N denoted by the name of its superiors – the king, that is," Sokolov, V.M.Masson and others re-focused on the Kavi". Seed-heads of tribes, elders, priests were Avesta data in their works. They noted that the society considered the most influential nobles of the team, and and social processes described in "Avesta" have the great property of the team began to gather in their similarities in many situations with the socio-economic hands. Previously, if the pet was gan, which was processes taking place in Central Asia in the VIII-VII considered the property of the whole community, then centuries BC[10]. In 1991-2001, ancient written sources, now the livestock, pasture, crop fields became private including various chapters of Avesta, were translated 2 shkolanauki.ru into Uzbek[11] and served to study actual historical The manuscripts of the Avesta book that have problems[12]. reached us have been collected in two different editions. In the years of independence, our history was In the first edition of "Videvdat", "Visparad" and "Yasna" awakened among the interests of Avesta, including nasks, each part is divided as goh it is this part of goh students, teachers, broad readers, due to the need for that is placed interchangeably. And this is not just a unbiased, truthful research on a new methodological system of chaos, but also the subjugation of the internal basis. This approach required the creation of new legislation arising from the level of significance of the translations of Avesta, manuals and popular scientific texts being read for rituals. This option is called books. "Vendidot-sode", which means" simple Vendidot, clean In this regard Attention should be paid to M. text". Isxakov's publications[13]. The researcher analyzed Avesta was edited for the second time, when it was problems such as the meaning and significance of some collected in the book, the texts of the incoming parts terms in Avesta, issues related to historical geography, (nasks) were collected and given together. Since each philosophical views. From the new educational literature nask is located separately in the whole view, comments in the manual of A.Sagdullaev, the following topics were have been added to them with a Pahlavi inscription in covered:"Avesta" and zaroastrian," geographical, the middle Persian language. These reviews are called" territorial names"," socio-economic data"," political Zand Avesta", that is," to know Avesta, to interpret". history"," religious philosophy and various data","funeral 3.Conclusion rites" [14]. In the coverage of these issues, information In conclusion, we can say that the study of the work published in previous years was widely used. In "Avesta" will be a positive impetus for the further connection with the anniversary of the 2700th development of our cultural life. Learning to read it will anniversary of Avesta in Uzbekistan, a number of new open the way to the emergence of new scientific, studies devoted to Avesta were published in the late 90- scientific-popular works from the beginning, to the ies of the XX century, covering the fields of source restoration of the bridge between our past and our Studies, History and literature[15]. present life. References: [1] Avesta: historical and literary monument.,- Т., 2001. – P. 19. [2] Askarov A. History of Uzbekistan. – Т., 1994. – P. 113. [3] "Avesta". Ardvi sura alkawi, Aban Yasht,V, 54, 57. (“Some say the word" Xshatrosauka "means" tang dara” (Steblin-Kaminsky), others will interpret it as" Fortress", "fortress" (I.V.Pyankov). [4] «Avesta." Yasht, XIX. 93; Pyankov I.V. Ancient state formation. -М., 1987. - P. 340. [5] Sagdullaev A. Ancient Uzbekistan in the first written sources. – Tashkent: Teacher, 1996. – P. 25. [6] Pyankov I.V.Avesta // History of the Tajik people. – Dushanbe, 1998. Т. 1. – P. 216-217. [7] Tolstov S. P. On the question of periodization of the history of primitive society // Soviet Ethnography.– 1946. – № 1. – P. 25-30; The same author. Looking for ancient Khorezm culture. - T.: Science,1964. – P.441. [8] Diakonov I. M. Addition of class society in Northern Bactria. - M., 1954. - P. 121-140; Diakonov I. M. history of the mussel. – M., - L.,1956. – P. 180. [9] Diakonov I.M. History Of The Mussel. - M., - L., 1956. – P. 188-189. [10] Masson V.M. On the question of the social structure of ancient Central Asia // History, archeology and Ethnography of Central Asia. - Moscow: Nauka, 1968.– P. 93. [11] "Avesta" // Art. – 1991. – № 5. – Б. 20-23; – № 6. – Б. 24-28; – № 7.
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