History of Khorezm Craftsmanship in the Middle
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NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 11, Nov. -2020 HISTORY OF KHOREZM CRAFTSMANSHIP IN THE MIDDLE AGES BOTIROVA NAFOSAT HURMATBEKOVNA Teacher of the Department of History Faculty Of History Urgench State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan [email protected] ABSTRACT: hunting weapons, carpets and soothes, zebu In the article, about the history of ornaments, jewelry sales are on the rise. The Khorezm craftsmanship in the Middle Ages, importance of the work of Ibn Arabshah is that our historian scholars, the written data of it gives valuable information about the the tourists, Shahabiddin Al - Umari's work economy, culture of that time, as well as about titled "ways of eluting to different the political processes that took place in countries" written in the XIV century, Al- Khorezm at the beginning of the XIVXV Bakuvi's òThe book talsikh al-asar...ó the century. named geographer and commentators on In addition, there are various the history of the Khorezm khunarmend of encyclopedic reference books, collected on the Russian historians are described. basis of the data of witnesses and sources, in KEYWORDS: Ibn Arabshah, carpets and which it is possible to meet different sojourns, "Alexander the great", "the information about Khorezm. Shahabiddin al- wonders of fate in the history of Timur", Umari's work written in the 14th century titled "the roads leading to different countries", "ways of bringing people to different countries" Buldumsoz, Tirsak, Kumkanda, "Industrial is from shular sentence[3]. This work, literally, Revolution" , "the conquest of the East". is an extremely important source for studying the problems of the Khorezm Oasis economy, INTRODUCTION: its cities, farming and trade. In the Middle Ages, many works were Al-Bakuvi's ò4®• book talsix al-asar...ó a created for us to find in-depth knowledge of the large part of the named geographer's work is history of Khorezm khunarmend. One of such also devoted to the issue of Khorezm and the important sources is Ibn Arabshah's work" the cities of Central Asia. Al-Bakuvi included in his wonders of fate in the history of Timur " [1]. In work an abbreviated form of al Qazvini's work this game, written in 1436-1437 years, there is on geography. This work of Al-Bakuvi contains only a lot of information about the economy, not only information on geography, but also culture, trade and other spheres of city life. Ibn information on economic life and Arabshah tried to explain what he saw and craftsmanship of Khorezm cities[4]. forgave in Khorezm. He pays great attention to The series of events that took place in the issue of Khorezm cities. According to Ibn Khorezm at the end of the XIV beginning of Arabshah, Khorezm (Urgench) in the second the XV century and the works of historians of half of the XIV century ... one of the largest the Timurid period also play an important role cities, one of the largest provinces... are [2]. in studying the economic life of the Oasis. The city's rich markets have attracted Nizami Shamiy[5], Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi[6], many commercial caravans. In the markets are Abdurazzak Samarkand[7] are among the elegant and colorful handicraft products, in works of the sentence. There is also partial particular, ceramics products, fighting and information about the history of Khorezm at 358 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 11, Nov. -2020 the end of the XIV century in the work century). It contains information about the "Alexander the Great" [8]. medieval cities of Khorezm and the political, The information about the Timurid economic situation of the region, about the period is filled by the work of Zahiriddin lifestyle of the local population, although Muhammad Babur "Baburnama". Recognizing short[12]. the recognition of the great medieval Even in the XIX century, many works commander and statesman, Khorezm mohir were created on the history of the ancient and pierced the bow arrows armor and shields of medieval period of Khorezm. G.Baziner[13], youth. Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur writes: G.I.Danilevsky[14], V.V. Grigoriev[15] The "they (Khorezm youth) are such mohir archers works of are from the shular sentence. As a that their arrows will not once Pierce The result, scientific works, reports covering many Shield and armor, even two armor"[9]. The issues related to the history, culture, economy, next period in the works of Arab-Persian handicraft production of the medieval period of authors, in particular in the work of the Khorezm appeared. historian Khondamir of the XVI century, there Among the works of the XIX century is information about the Khorezm cities and N.Veselovsky's work "historical-geographical their economy of the period under study. sheet on the Khiva Khanate" is particularly The author of the work "Shajarayi turk", remarkable[16]. In the book you can meet a lot written in the XVII century, Khiva Khan of valuable information about the history of the Abulghozi Bahodirkhon is also among the developed medieval period of Khorezm. authors reporting from the history of the N.Y.Veselovsky was one of the first in Russian medieval period of Khorezm. He, relying on the historiography and paid great attention to the Arab-Persian sources created before him, political history of Khorezm, which began from describes the history of the genghisians until ancient times, until the XIX century. the time of the Sheikhan. His work provides The problems of the period under study some additional information about the history are from the authors of the XIX century A.L.Day, and economy of Khorezm during the period A.N.Y.Samoylovich, M.I.Ivanins in the works of, under study. In the game, data on the cities of too, are described in much detail. As the cities Mizdahkon, Khiva, Hazorasp, Vazir, Buldumsoz, are described, they are also partially stopped Tirsak, Kumkanda were recorded[10]. by the issue of the state of craftsmanship. A representative of the trade company The work of comparing the information "MoscowLondon", which was in ancient times of written sources about the cities of Khorezm in 1558 Year A.Jenkinson's information that" in of the Middle Ages with the preserved Khorezm, bows, paykons, swords, spears and monuments.V.Bartold has implemented. It was other weapons are made in the ancient he who first critically analyzed the data of traditional style " also confirms the information Arab-Persian sources on Khorezm cities[17]. about the master craftsmen of the Oasis In the memoirs, works and diaries of mohir[11]. It can be said that this group of Russian tourists and ambassadors of the XVIII written sources is supplemented by the work XIX centuries there is also some information "Bahr ul-Asror Fi manakib ul-ahyor" ("sea of about the field of crafts in the Oasis, including secrets about the courage of noble people"), deposits of metal ores and metal-processing translated into Russian by the great mansions. Although, like other oases of Central encyclopedic scientist Mahmoud ibn Wali (XVII Asia, Khorezm's economic sources, mining raw 359 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 11, Nov. -2020 materials, agricultural products are studied generalize the data on the history of from the point of view of colonization, the craftsmanship in written sources with information they bring is valuable with archaeological evidence, to conduct scientific accuracy. Of course, the increase in the interest research on the basis of methods, and to widely of Russian tourists and ambassadors in the introduce the results of research into science. Central Asian economy and sources of raw materials is explained by the increase in REFERENCE: demand for underground wealth due to the 1) VG Tizengauzen Collection of materials "industrial revolution" in the developed related to the history of the Golden Horde countries of the XVIIIXIX centuries in the ... - P. 460-472; Uvatov U. Information of European territory. In this way, during this Ibn Arabshah about Maverannahr // period, the interest of the Russian state in Questions of history, economics and information about such underground treasures culture of the peoples of Central Asia and as gold, silver, copper, iron also rose to a new countries of the foreign East. - Tashkent, level. 1975. Issue. 2. - P. 98-102; Ibn Arabshah. As a result of Russia's policy of Glorious Al-maqdur Fi history Taymur "occupying the East" in the XVIIIXIX centuries, (wonders of fate in the history of Temur) / many scientific expeditions and ambassadorial the preface, translated from Arabic and the trips to Central Asia were organized. The main author of the comments. Uvatav U. - goal was to collect data on the geographical and Tashkent: Labor, 1992.1-2 Books: 1-book. - geopolitical location, territorial structure, P. 328. economy and underground resources of the 2) Uvatav U. Showing work. - P. 102. Uzbek khanates. Some of these collected 3) Tizengauzen V.G. Showing work. - P. 207- documents also contain information about the 208. Khiva Khanate and the products of 4) Abd ar-Rashid al-Bakuvi. Kitab telsix Al craftsmanship in the territory of the Aral Sea Esar and edjaib Al-Malik al-Kaxxar. - M., (KungradAral Principality) [18]. 1971. 5) Nizamiddin Shamiy. From the Persian CONCLUSION: language yu.Translation of Hakimjonov. - In general, in the written sources of the Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 1996 .-- 528 b. Middle Ages, there is a lot of information about 6) f•≤•¶²§§©Æ (°Æ§ 7≤©¥¥•ä :°¶°≤Æ°≠• the history of craftsmanship in the Khorezm translation of Muhammad Ali ibn Dervish Oasis. These points out that Khorezm is one of Ali al-Bukhari.