Modified Mining Plan with Progressive Mine Closure Plan
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												Kishanganj Introduction
DISTRICT PROFILE KISHANGANJ INTRODUCTION Kishanganj district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar. Kishanganj district is a part of Purnea division. Kishanganj is situated in the northeastern part of Bihar and is is part of the chicken neck on the map of India. Kishanganj has an international border with Nepal and a narrow strip of 20 km land of West Bengal separates Kishanganj district from Bangladesh. Kishanganj district is surrounded by the districts of Araria and Purnea of Bihar, districts of Uttar Dinajpur and Darjeeling of West Bengal and Nepal in the north. The important rivers flowing from the district are Mahananda, Kankai, Mechi, Doictnk, Ratua, Ramzan and Sudhani. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Kishanganj is the distortion of the name Krishna-Kunj. During the Mughal period, Kishanganj district was the part of Nepal and was known as Nepalgarh. Nepalgarh was captured during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam and renamed as Alamganj in his honour. Khagara was made the administrative headquarters and the historical "Khagra Mela" is held here every year. During the Mughal rule under Nawab Mohammed Fakiruddin, a wandering Hindu saint refused to enter Amanganj despite being very tired because the names of the place, river and Nawab were Alamganj, Ramzan and Fakiruddin respectively. When the Nawab heard this grievance of the itinerant saint, he announced that some portion of land would be renamed as Krishna-Kunj. With passage of time, the name Krishna-Kunj got distorted to Kishanganj. Kishanganj was earlier an important sub-division of the erstwhile Purnea district and became an independent district on 14th January 1990. - 
												
												Deo List Bihar
Details of DEO-cum-DM Sl. No. District Name Name Designation E-mail Address Mobile No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 PASCHIM CHAMPARAN Kundan Kumar District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191294 2 PURVI CHAMPARAN Shirsat Kapil Ashok District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191301 3 SHEOHAR Avaneesh Kumar Singh District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191468 4 SITAMARHI Abhilasha Kumari Sharma District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191288 5 MADHUBANI Nilesh Ramchandra Deore District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191324 6 SUPAUL Sri Mahendra KUMAR District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191345 7 ARARIA Prashant Kumar District Election Officer [email protected] 9431228200 8 KISHANGANJ Aditya Prakash District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191371 9 PURNIA Rahul Kumar District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191358 10 KATIHAR Kanwal Tanuj District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191375 11 MADHEPURA Navdeep Shukla District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191353 12 SAHARSA Kaushal kumar District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191340 13 DARBHANGA Shri Thiyagrajan S. M. District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191317 14 MUZAFFARPUR Chandra Shekhar Singh District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191283 15 GOPALGANJ Arshad Aziz District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191278 16 SIWAN Amit Kumar Pandey District Election Officer [email protected] 9473191273 17 SARAN Subrat Kumar Sen District - 
												
												Zila Parishad JITESH KUMAR ARARIA
Panchayati Raj Department Government of Bihar List of Panchayat IT Operators Deployed in the Districts for PRIASoft SL District Block Name Father's Name Mobile 1 Zila Parishad JITESH KUMAR 2 Araria RAJ KUMAR RAJ KRIPA NAND JHA 9835838537 3 Bhargama MD. SARWAR ALAM MD. SIRAJUDDIN 9709996217 4 Forbesganj SANJAY KUMAR SAH MAHENDRA SAH 9199120088 5 Jokihat MD. ASHALAM JAFAR HAZI ASFAQUE HUSAIN 9308734215 ARARIA 6 Kursakatta SANTOSH KUMAR SAH MAKSHUDAN SAH 7 Narpatganj MANOJ KR. BHARATI BHAGWAN MANDAL 9709573281 8 Palasi 9 Raniganj ANUBHAV KUMAR JAI PRAKASH NAYAK 9570357990 10 Sikti PREM KUMAR PASWAN YOGENDRA PASWAN 7250394187 D:\Sarvesh-2012\IT Operators Deployed in District HQ Block\IT Operators deployed in the districts_HQ_Block 1 | 38 it operator_Blocks_n_HQ_280 (2) Panchayati Raj Department Government of Bihar List of Panchayat IT Operators Deployed in the Districts for PRIASoft SL District Block Name Father's Name Mobile 1 Zila Parishad SANTOSH KUMAR 9771734044 2 Arwal ARVIND KUMAR BHIM SINGH 9334480335 3 Kaler AMITSH SHRIVASTAV VIJAY KUMAR SHRIVASTAV ARWAL 4 Karapi RAVIRANJAN KR. PARASAR HARIDWAR SHARMA 8334800422 5 Kurtha KUNDAN KUMAR BINESHWAR PANDIT 9279386443 6 Sonabhadra Vanshi Suryapur MANOJ KUMAR LEELA SINGH D:\Sarvesh-2012\IT Operators Deployed in District HQ Block\IT Operators deployed in the districts_HQ_Block 2 | 38 it operator_Blocks_n_HQ_280 (2) Panchayati Raj Department Government of Bihar List of Panchayat IT Operators Deployed in the Districts for PRIASoft SL District Block Name Father's Name Mobile 1 Zila Parishad RAKESH - 
												
												BIHAR STATE POWER TRANSMISSION COMPANY LIMITED (Reg
BIHAR STATE POWER TRANSMISSION COMPANY LIMITED (Reg. Office: 4th Floor, Vidyut Bhawan, Bailey Road, Patna-800021) (CIN- U40102BR2012SGC018889) (Department of Power Management Cell) Para wise reply of BSPTCL on the queries raised by Hon’ble Commission as additional information / clarification of BSPTCL – Tariff Petition for control period from FY 2019-20 to FY 2021-22 vide letter no.- 1514, dated – 19/12/2018 with reference to BERC Case No.- 51/2018 Point No. 1- The additional submission on the queries raised by Hon’ble Commission has been submitted vide letter no.- 379, dated – 20/12/2018 and Revised Business Plan as well additional information has also been submitted vide letter no.- 389, dated – 28/12/2018 Point No. 2- Scheme wise and element wise capitalization details for FY 2017-18 is as under: Sl No Scheme Particulars of Element Amount (In Rs.) DOC 132 kv Begusarai to teghara 1 State Plan 19,58,78,742.00 23-02-2018 trns line 132 kv Dalkhola to 2 State Plan 49,67,567.00 20-01-2018 kishanganj trns line 132 KV Fatuha - Gaighat - 3 State Plan 24,24,57,110.00 29-03-2018 Katra 132 KV Gaurichak to 4 State Plan 19,55,79,724.00 29-03-2018 Jakkanpur 132 KV Gaurichak to 5 State Plan 15,53,43,337.00 28-02-2018 Mithapur & Fatuha 132 kv kishanganj to Barsoi 6 State Plan 50,49,58,869.00 06-02-2018 trns line 132 kv Kishanganj to 7 State Plan 1,87,35,979.00 11-04-2017 Farbisganj trns line 132 kv Purnea to saharsha 8 State Plan 64,51,158.00 18-12-2017 trns line 132 kv Pusauli to Bhabhua 9 State Plan 16,81,12,826.00 08-09-2017 Trans line 132 kv Sonbarsha - 
												
												Indian Network Project on Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions, Source Apportionment and Climate Impacts (COALESCE) C
Supplement Indian Network Project on Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions, Source Apportionment and Climate Impacts (COALESCE) C. Venkataraman, M. Bhushan, S. Dey, D. Ganguly, T. Gupta, G. Habib, A. Kesarkar, H. Phuleria, and R. Sunder Raman https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0030.2 Corresponding author: Chandra Venkataraman, [email protected] This document is a supplement to https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0030.1 In final form 3 January 2020 ©2020 American Meteorological Society For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy. AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY JULY 2020 E257 Details of survey methodology and locations This project with 22 institutions (Fig. ES1) involves participation of 40 investiga- tors (Table ES1) and most importantly, over 70 research students and staff. Sur- vey questionnaires were adapted from previously validated instruments for residential sector (Census 2011; Interna- tional Institute of Population Science, 2007, 2017; Balakrishnan et al. 2004), agricultural residue burning (Gupta 2014), brick kilns (Maithel et al. 2012; S. Maithel 2017, personal communica- tion), and on-road vehicles (Table ES2; Goel et al. 2015; S. K. Guttikunda 2016, personal communication). Selection of the survey districts/villages to capture the pan-India diversity in biomass fuels used for cooking, heating, and lighting in residential sector is based on district/ village level data (Census 2011), along with agroclimatic information (Basu and Guha 1996) for residential cooking; that in agricultural residue burning Fig. ES1. COALESCE organization structure. practices is based on district-wise crop production data (OGDP 2015) of nine target crops (Pandey et al. - 
												
												Market Survey Report Year : 2011-2012
GOVERNMENT OF WEST BENGAL AGRICULTURAL MARKET DIRECTORY MARKET SURVEY REPORT YEAR : 2011-2012 DISTRICT : UTTAR DINAJPUR THE DIRECTORATE OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETING P-16, INDIA EXCHANGE PLACE EXTN. CIT BUILDING, 4 T H F L O O R KOLKATA-700073 THE DIRECTORATE OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Government of West Bengal LIST OF MARKETS Uttar Dinajpur District Sl. No. Name of Markets Block/Municipality Page No. 1 Andraguri Hat Chopra 1 2 Bhaispitta Hat - do - 2 3 Butijhari Hat - do - 3 4 Chopra Hat - do - 4 5 Daspara Hat - do - 5 6 Dhanish Hat - do - 6 7 Dhumdangi Hat - do - 7 8 Dighabara Hat - do - 8 9 Dighalgao Hat - do - 9 10 Doluya Hat - do - 10 11 Gendagachh Hat - do - 11 12 Goabari Hat - do - 12 13 Haptiyagachh Hat - do - 13 14 Kachakhati Hat - do - 14 15 Kaliganj Hat - do - 15 16 Katchakai Hat - do - 16 17 Lakhipur Bazar & Hat - do - 17 18 Lalbazar Hat - do - 18 19 Malingram Hat - do - 19 20 Nandhigach Hat - do - 20 21 Narayanpur Hat - do - 21 22 Sonarpur Hat - do - 22 23 Tinmail Road Bazar - do - 23 24 Dalkhola Market Municipality Dalkhola Municipality 24 25 Dhankoil Hat - do - 25 26 Biprit Hat Goalpokher- I 26 27 Debiganj Hat - do - 27 28 Dharmpur Hat - do - 28 29 Goda Hat - do - 29 30 Goti Hat - do - 30 31 Jhiljhili Hat - do - 31 32 Kulauitta Hat - do - 32 33 Nando Hat - do - 33 34 Pamal Hat - do - 34 35 Panjipara Hat - do - 35 36 Sahapur Hat - do - 36 37 Showlpara Hat - do - 37 38 Verestran Hat - do - 38 39 Chakulia Hat Goalpokher- I I 39 40 Godasimul Hat - do - 40 41 Goudal Hat - do - 41 42 Jhitakia Hat - do - 42 43 Kanki Hat - do - 43 44 Manora Hat - do - 44 45 Samspur - do - 45 46 Sisabari Hat - do - 46 47 Surjapur Hat - do - 47 48 Agdimti Hat Islampur 48 49 Amalihjhari Hat - do - 49 50 Ataldanghi Bazar - do - 50 51 Bhadrakali Hat - do - 51 52 Bhotaldangi Bazar - do - 52 53 Bhujaganj Hat - do - 53 54 Dhantala Hat - do - 54 55 Digirpara Bazar - do - 55 Sl. - 
												
												Central Electricity Regulatory Commission New Delhi
CENTRAL ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION NEW DELHI Petition No. 258/TT/2015 Coram: Shri A.S. Bakshi, Member Dr. M.K. Iyer, Member Date of Hearing : 29.04.2016 Date of Order : 26.05.2016 In the matter of: Determination of transmission tariff for 2014-19 for LILO-I of Siliguri - Purnea 400 kV D/C line at new pooling station Kishanganj and associated bays at Kishanganj, LILO-II of Siliguri - Purnea 400 kV D/C line at new pooling station Kishanganj and associated bays at Kishanganj, LILO-I of Siliguri - Dalkhola 220 kV D/C line at new pooling station Kishanganj and associated bays at Kishanganj, LILO-II of Siliguri - Dalkhola 220 kV D/C line at new pooling station Kishanganj and associated bays at Kishanganj, 500 MVA, 400/220/33 kV ICT II along with associated bays at Kisanganj Substation, 125 MVAR Bus reactor I at Kisanganj Substation, 500 MVA, 400/220/33 kV ICT I along with associated bays at Kisanganj Substation, 125 MVAR Bus reactor II at Kisanganj Substation under ―Transmission System for ―Transfer of Power from Generation Projects in Sikkim to NR/WR Part-A‖ in Eastern Region‖ for the 2014-19 tariff period under Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Terms and Conditions of Tariff) Regulations, 2014 and Regulation 86 of Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Conduct of Business) Regulations, 1999. And in the matter of: Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. ‗SAUDAMINI‘, Plot No-2, Sector-29, Gurgaon -122 001 (Haryana). ………Petitioner Versus 1. Gati Infrastructure Chuzachen Ltd. 1-7-293, MG Road, 268 Udyog Vihar, Phase-IV, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh – 500003 2. - 
												
												Projects for Pvt. Participation
Potential Projects for Pvt part Railway Projects which could be considered for Private Participation S.No. Name of the Project Length Cost as per Survey Rate of Return State (in Km) (Rs. In Cr) 1 Ahmedabad‐Himmatnagar‐Udaipur Gauge 299.2 742.88 15.91% Rajasthan, Gujarat Conversion 2 Ambala Cantt ‐ Dhapper Doubling 22.71 99.99 Less than 14% Haryana 3 Ara‐Bhabua Road New Line 122 490.8 Socially desirable Bihar 4 Araria‐Galgalia (Thakurganj) New Line 100 529.88 Socially desirable Bihar 5 Araria‐Supaul New Line 92 304.41 Socially desirable Bihar 6 Bhadoi‐Janghai Doubling 30.5 89.1 15.36% Uttar Pradesh 7 Bhagat‐ki‐kothi‐Luni Doubling 28.12 97.36 Less than 14% Rajasthan 8 Bihta‐Aurangabad New Line 118.45 326.2 Socially desirable Bihar 9 Birur ‐Shivani Doubling 28.67 121.98 29.16% Karnataka 10 Champajharan‐Bimalgarh Doubling 21 149.9 34.06% Orissa 11 Chennai‐Cuddalore via Mahabalipuram New Line 179.28 523.52 Socially desirable Tamil Naidu 12 Chhindwara‐Mandla Fort Gauge Conversion 182.25 556.54 Socially desirable Madhya Pradesh 13 Chhitauni‐Tumkuhi Road New Line 58.88 243.78 Socially desirable Bihar, Uttar Pradesh 14 Dangoaposi and Rajkharswan 3rd line 75 309.44 32.11% Jharkhand 15 Dehri on Sone‐Banjari New Line 36.4 106.2 Socially desirable Bihar 16 Delang‐Puri Doubling 29 133.71 Less than 14% Orissa 17 Durg‐Rajanandgaon 3rd line 31 147.06 Less than 14% Chhattisgarh 18 Gauge Conversion of Dholpur‐Sirmuttra with 144.6 622.41 7.16% Rajasthan extension to Gangapur City 19 Gauge Conversion of Gwalior‐Sheopur Kalan with 284 1176.09 Socially desirable - 
												
												Application Number Panchayat Name Block Name Candidate Name
Kishanganj District-List of Not Shortlisted Candidates for the Post of Uddeepika Percen Application DD/IPO tage Panchayat Name Block Name Candidate Name Father's/ Husband Name Correspondence Address Date Of Birth Ctageory number Number Of Marks S .No. Reasons of Rejection 48 Kishanganj Kishanganj Susmita Rai Ashok Rai Gandhi Nagar, Aspatal Road, PO+Dist- Kishanganj, Pincode- 855107 23-Jan-92 BC 9H 731378 63.00 Panchayat name is not in list 1 2 60 Kishanganj Kishanganj SONA SINGH VIDHUT KUMAR SINGH VILL- DUMARIYA, PO+DIST- KISHANGANJ. 22-Oct-92 BC 9H 731377 63.00 Panchayat name is not in list ASPATAL ROAD, WARD NO- 25, PO+PS+DIST- KISHANGANJ, PINCODE- 63 Kishanganj Kishanganj PRIYANKA DAS NIRMAL KANTI DAS 05-May-88 BC 9H 735192 47.00 Panchayat name is not in list 3 855107 4 71 Kishanganj Kishanganj SUSHMITA DAS NIRMAL KANTI DAS ASPATAL ROAD, WARD NO.- 25, PO+PS+DIST-KISHANGANJ 06-Jul-91 BC 9H 735193 57.00 Panchayat name is not in list 5 88 MOHUDDINPUR Kishanganj PURNIMA KUMARI SUNIL CHANDRA SAHA VILL- MOHIUDDINPUR, PO- CHAKLA, PS- KISHANGANJ 16-Jun-93 EBC 9H 735213 45.00 Panchayat name is not in list 109 Kishanganj Kishanganj BABITA ROY ASHOK KUMAR ROY VILL- GANDHI NAGAR, HOSPOTAL ROAD, BARD NO.- 14 PIN- 855107 03-Aug-90 BC 9H 735270 54.00 Panchayat name is not in list 6 VILL- MILANPALLI , P.O.- KISHANGANJ , P.S.- KISHANGANJ , PIN- 110 KAJLAMINI Kishanganj SONI KUMARI SURESH YADAV 08-Feb-93 BC 9H 735260 49.00 Panchayat name is not in list 7 855107 8 194 Thakurganj Thakurganj SARASWATI KUMARI VISHNU PRASAD SAH STATION ROAD, THAKURGANJ, PINCODE- 855116 20-Jan-95 EBC 9H 729932 61.00 Panchayat name is not in list BARKHA KUMARI 199 CHURIPATTI HAT Kishanganj BALESHWAR PASWAN GANDHI NAGAR, HOSPITAL ROAD 09-Feb-92 SC 54.00 Panchayat name is not in list PASWAN 9 VILL- HOSPOTAL ROAD, C.S. - 
												
												PROGRESS REPORT up to MARCH 2016 Status of Powergrid Projects
PROGRESS REPORT UP TO MARCH 2016 Rs. in Crore Annexure_I(A) Status of Powergrid Projects: Transmission Lines PART - I : पारेषण लाईनस TRANSMISSION LINES लंबाई भा.स./िन. लागत संपूित मांक पारेषण लाईन का नाम Remarks / Constraints & assistance (सीकेएम) मं (अनुमोिदत ल Sl. No. Name of the Trans line required. Length अनुमोदन ) /ािशत Completi Sch. IA / ा./ BPTA* वा. whichever Ant./ Act. later EASTERN REGION Transmission System for Development of Gen. project delayed Pooling Station in Northern region Part of (ant. in 2017 -18). Works slowed down 1. 168 Apr'10 4404.57 Jan'15 Mar'17 West Bengal and Transfer of Power from to the extent feasible to match BHUTAN to NR/WR. Genaration. LILO of Bishwanath Chariali - Agra HVDC line at Work under progress. 1.1 New Pooling Station in Alipurduar for parallel 24 Sep'16 Commissioning matching with operation of the HVDC stn. associated HVDC terminal. LILO of 400KV D/C Bongaigaon - Siliguri line Completion matching with Alipurduar 1.2 (Pvt. Sector line) at New Pooling Station in 13 Sep'16 PS. Alipurduar LILO of 400KV D/C Tala - Siliguri line at New 1.3 SCOPE DELETED. Pooling Station in Alipurduar Wild life sanctuary involved. Case 400KV D/C Punatsangchu-1 (Gen. Proj. in processed at NBWL & forwarded to 1.4 Bhutan) - Alipurduar line (HTLS Cond.) India 128 Mar'17 State for further processes. Portion. Gen. expected beyond 2017-18. LILO of 220KV D/C Birpara - Salakati line at Completion matching with Alipurduar 1.5 3 Sep'16 New Pooling Station in Alipurduar PS. - 
												
												DEAF Account List
NAME OF S.N. BRANCH REGION NAME OF AC HOLDER 1 TULSIYA Araria SUKHILAAL GANESH 2 TULSIYA Araria JAGDISH RAAM 3 TULSIYA Araria TULI SINHA 4 TULSIYA Araria CHHATU SAH 5 TULSIYA Araria CHIHARU LAAL SAH 6 TULSIYA Araria FUL MOHAMMAD 7 TULSIYA Araria SUKHILAAL GANESH 8 TULSIYA Araria ABBU1L KALAAM 9 TULSIYA Araria GANGA DHAR CHOUDHARY MADAN MOHAN SAH SO LATE SATYA DEO 10 JOKIHAT Araria SAH HAJI SK MAJID SO SK RAMJAN ALI RAJI 11 JOKIHAT Araria ANWAR 12 JOKIHAT Araria ABDUL QAYUM SO LATE NOOR MOMAHAD HAJI ABDUL MAJID SO RAMJAN ALI ABDUL 13 JOKIHAT Araria RAZI 14 JOKIHAT Araria SAKILUDDIN SO LATE HAJI WAFUDDIN 15 JOKIHAT Araria SHAKILAUDDIN SO HAJI WAJUDDIN MATIUR RAHMAN SO ASHFAQ HASSAN MD 16 JOKIHAT Araria ASHFAQ HASSAN ASFAQ HUSSAIN SO ABDUL ALI GHULAM 17 JOKIHAT Araria SARWAR ASHFAQ SO SK ABDUL ALI BIBI ANWARI 18 JOKIHAT Araria KHATOON 19 POTHIA Araria BHOLA BASKI PEON BHUPENDRA NATH SARKAR AND NILIMA RANI 20 POTHIA Araria SARKAR MANOJ KR AGARWAL SO NARAYAN 21 POTHIA Araria AGARWAL 22 SIMRAHA Araria SARINA DEVI 23 SIMRAHA Araria RAJENDAR PRASAD BISHWAS 24 SIMRAHA Araria VISHNU KUMAR SRMA 25 POWAKHALI Araria BIBI ZAMILA KHATUN 26 POWAKHALI Araria JAMILA KHATOON 27 POWAKHALI Araria MD LUQUEMAN AND HABIB 28 POWAKHALI Araria MD LUQUEMAN AND HABIB 29 POWAKHALI Araria MD LUQUEMAN AND HABIB 30 POWAKHALI Araria MD LUQUEMAN AND HABIB 31 POWAKHALI Araria PINKI KUMARI 32 POWAKHALI Araria MD ATAUR RAHAMAN 33 POWAKHALI Araria XXX 34 POWAKHALI Araria SANKAR KR SINHA 35 POWAKHALI Araria HABIB AND MD LUQUMAN 36 POWAKHALI Araria MAHENDRA KR GANESH 37 DHOLBAJJA Araria JYOTISHA SO MAHENDRA SAH 38 DHOLBAJJA Araria YOGENDRA KUMAR SAH SO BNARSI PD SAH 39 DHOLBAJJA Araria NAND KISHOR YADAV SO BALDEV PD YADAV 40 CHAKARDAHA. - 
												
												Purnea Introduction
DISTRICT PROFILE PURNEA INTRODUCTION Purnea district is one of the thirty-eight administrative districts of Bihar state. Purnea district is a part of Purnea division. Purnea is bounded by the districts of Araria, Katihar, Bhagalpur, Kishanganj, Madhepura and Saharsa and district of West Dinajpur of West Bengal. The major rivers flowing through Purnea are Kosi, Mahananda, Suwara Kali, Koli and Panar. Purnea district extends northwards from river Ganges. Purnia has seen three districts partitioned off from its territory: Katihar in 1976, and Araria and Kishanganj in 1990. Purnea with its highest rainfall in Bihar and its moderate climate has earned the soubriquet of 'Poor's man's Darjeeling’. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Purnea has a rich history and a glorious past. It is believed that the name Purnea originates either from the Goddess Puran Devi (Kali) or from Purain meaning Lotus. The earliest inhabitants of Purnea were Anas and Pundras. In the epics, the Anas are grouped with the Bengal tribes and were the eastern most tribes known to the Aryans during the period of Atharva Samhita while the Pundras, although they had Aryan blood were regarded as degraded class of people in the Aitarya Brahmana, Mahabharata and Manu Samhita, because they neglected the performance of sacred rites. According to the legend of Mahabharata, Biratnagar which gave shelter to the five Pandava brothers during their one year incognito exile, is said to be located in Purnea. During the Mughal rule, Purnea was a military frontier province under the command of a Faujdar. The revenue from this outlying province was spent on the maintenance of troops for protecting the borders against tribes from the north and east.