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Peru Mercury Inventory 2006

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Peru Mercury Inventory 2006 PERU MERCURY INVENTORY 2006 By William E. Brooks,1 Esteban Sandoval,2 Miguel A. Yepez, 2 and Howell Howard2 Open File Report 2007–1252 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 1U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192 2U.S. Embassy Lima, Peru U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Brooks, W.E., Sandoval, E., Yepez, M.A., Howell H., 2007, Peru mercury inventory 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1252, 55 p., available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1252/. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. ii Contents Abstract................................................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................................1 Ancient Use of Mercury....................................................................................................................................................2 Mercury in Coal ..................................................................................................................................................................3 Geology and Mining...........................................................................................................................................................4 Byproduct Production of Mercury ..................................................................................................................................4 Mercury Uses in Peru........................................................................................................................................................6 Overview of Artisanal Gold Mining .............................................................................................................................6 Piura............................................................................................................................................................................11 La Libertad .................................................................................................................................................................11 Madre de Dios...........................................................................................................................................................13 Puno ............................................................................................................................................................................16 Ananea....................................................................................................................................................................16 La Rinconada-Cerro Lunar de Oro.....................................................................................................................17 Chlor-Alkali Production...................................................................................................................................................17 Dental Amalgam ...............................................................................................................................................................17 Other Uses and Disposition of Imported Mercury-Containing Products...............................................................18 Batteries.........................................................................................................................................................................18 Electronics and Computers ........................................................................................................................................20 Fluorescent Lamps.......................................................................................................................................................20 Thermometers, Medical Equipment, and Vaccines...............................................................................................21 Prices..................................................................................................................................................................................22 Mercury Stocks ................................................................................................................................................................23 Other Mercury Releases and Uses...............................................................................................................................23 Cremation.......................................................................................................................................................................23 Fireworks........................................................................................................................................................................23 Laboratories ..................................................................................................................................................................24 Landfills ..........................................................................................................................................................................24 Neon lights.....................................................................................................................................................................24 Paint................................................................................................................................................................................24 Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................................................24 References Cited..............................................................................................................................................................25 Figures 1. Security container with flasks of byproduct mercury before leaving Newmont Mining Corporation’s Yanacocha mine, northern Peru. (Photograph permission of Newmont Mining Corporation).. ...........................................................................................................................................5 iii 2. Unvented mercury retort for gold processing in a grocery store in Inambari, Madre de Dios, Peru. (Photograph by William E. Brooks).. .......................................................................................................7 3. Sealable mercury retort at Mina Cabecera Santa Ynes, Huepethue, Madre de Dios, Peru. Tube on side helps to capture some of the volatized mercury fumes. (Photograph by William E. Brooks).. .................................................................................................................................................................8 4A.) Mercury retort, with B) a chimney to vent mercury fumes outside, in a gold shop in Huepethue, Madre de Dios, Peru. (Photographs by William E. Brooks).. ..................................................9 5. Mercury reactivator for cleaning and recycling mercury by using electricity from a 12 volt battery. (Photograph by William E. Brooks)...................................................................................................11 6A.) Sluice and B) silvery, mercury-gold amalgam in gold pan (batea) in foreground at Mina Cabecera Santa Ynes, Huepethue, Madre de Dios, Peru. (Photographs by William E. Brooks).. ...............................................................................................................................................................14 7A) Gold immediately after being removed from the retort and B) gold after being burned (refogado) to remove any mercury and improve the aesthetic appearance of the gold, Mina Cabecera Santa Ynes, Huepethue, Madre de Dios, Peru. (Photographs by William E. Brooks).. ...............................................................................................................................................................15 8. Widely used “El Español” brand of recycled mercury. (Photograph by William E. Brooks)..........................15 9. Battery collection for recycling, an environmental project by students at Colegio Roosevelt, Lima, Peru in collaboration with Supermercados Wong, S.A., a major grocery chain and Teconec, S.A.C., an environmental consulting firm in Lima, Peru. (Photograph courtesy of Sarah Kemme, instructor, Colegio Roosevelt, Lima, Peru).. .......................................................................19 10. Discarded fluorescent lamp on the street, Trujillo, Peru. (Photograph by William E. Brooks)....................21 11.
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