DOCSLIB.ORG

How Public Libraries Distribute Community Resources to Meet Immigrant Needs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How Public Libraries Distribute Community Resources to Meet Immigrant Needs Branching Out into Immigrant Neighborhoods: How Public Libraries Distribute Community Resources to Meet Immigrant Needs by Laura Humm Delgado Bachelor of Arts Williams College Williamstown, Massachusetts (2005) Master in City Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts (2010) Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Urban and Regional Planning at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY May 2020 © 2020 Laura Humm Delgado. All Rights Reserved The author hereby grants to MIT the permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of the thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Author_________________________________________________________________ Department of Urban Studies and Planning May 20, 2020 Certified by _____________________________________________________________ Professor Emeritus Phillip Clay Department of Urban Studies and Planning Dissertation Supervisor Accepted by_____________________________________________________________ Associate Professor Jinhua Zhao Chair, PhD Committee Department of Urban Studies and Planning 2 Branching Out into Immigrant Neighborhoods: How Public Libraries Distribute Community Resources to Meet Immigrant Needs by Laura Humm Delgado Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning on May 20, 2020 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Urban and Regional Planning ABSTRACT Local organizations play a critical role in providing access to resources and opportunities for those who are low-income, socially isolated, or marginalized. This is especially true for immigrants in the United States, where support with integration falls almost entirely on local organizations. Immigrants are more likely to live in poverty; yet, they are accessing the social safety net less for fear of discrimination and deportation. This research asks how one type of local organization, the neighborhood library branch, distributes resources to immigrants across urban neighborhoods and how neighborhoods shape organizational resources. I approach this research through a mixed-method study of the Boston Public Library and its twenty- five neighborhood branches that relies on participant observation, interviews, and the analysis of archives, texts, and public library data. The first part uses an immigrant integration framework to examine how neighborhood branches contribute to English language learning and political, economic, and social integration. I address how immigrant services align with neighborhood needs and to what extent immigrants access these resources. I find that institutional resources are well targeted to immigrant neighborhoods, but community resources are more effective at reaching immigrants and provide intangible benefits that are tailored to neighborhoods. A reliance on community resources, however, can exacerbate inequalities across neighborhoods. The second part of this research addresses how the neighborhoods in which neighborhood branches are located shape library resources through 1) expressed community needs, 2) level of volunteerism, 3) cultural sharing practices, and 4) organizational partnerships. Whereas scholars have addressed the question of how organizations provide access to resources for marginalized populations by looking at the geographic distribution of organizations, institutional funding, and brokered resources, this research asks 1) how neighborhoods shape organizational resources and 2) what factors, beyond geographic proximity, affect access to resources. The findings from this research have implications for how scholars and planners conceptualize and identify organizational resources at the neighborhood level. Additionally, this research offers lessons for what practices local organizations and government agencies can adopt to reach immigrant communities at a time when immigrants are becoming increasingly fearful of accessing government institutions, public benefits, and public spaces. Dissertation Supervisor: Phillip Clay Title: Professor Emeritus 3 Acknowledgements I am so grateful to have had a supportive, considerate, and knowledgeable committee who helped me tremendously with both my qualifying exams and my dissertation. Professors Phillip Clay, Justin Steil, and Roberto Fernandez, I have learned so much from each of you about what it means to do research and to mentor students with kindness, integrity, and compassion. Professor Clay, thank you so much for teaching me about research and helping me to move forward and complete the doctoral program while also being so kind and encouraging along the way. I am very lucky that I started the doctoral program as your advisee and that you stuck with me even after retirement. Every doctoral student should be so lucky to have an advisor, chair, and mentor such as you! Professor Steil, I am so grateful that you came to DUSP when you did. Your concern for your students and the way that you bring social justice into your research and teaching are inspirational. Thank you so much for the guidance, support, and encouragement you provided throughout my time at DUSP and for showing me how to do research and teach! Professor Fernandez, thank you very much for coming across campus to be on my exam and dissertation committees! You are an impressive scholar, and I am so grateful for the knowledge and expertise you’ve shared with me. From our first meeting through my dissertation defense, I have really appreciated how you have tried to ground my doctoral work such that it leads to a long-term academic career. Thank you to Garnette Cadogan and Chris Bourg for supporting my love of libraries and this dissertation! Garnette, though you were not officially on my dissertation committee, you have been such an important mentor throughout! I am so lucky to have benefited from your knowledge and enthusiasm for libraries these past few years. I selected a somewhat less traditional dissertation topic, and you helped to keep me focused and excited about it throughout. Chris, thank you for the time you have taken to help me with this dissertation, for your encouragement, and for sharing your expertise and passion regarding libraries! MIT and DUSP, in particular, has been an amazing place at which to study as both a master’s and a doctoral student. I am very grateful to the many faculty members who have made learning exciting and who have been so supportive. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to learn from you as a student, a researcher, and a teaching assistant! To Ellen Rushman, Sandy Wellford, Karen Yegian and all of the other staff members who have been so helpful, kind, and supportive throughout, thank you so much! You make DUSP run like a well-oiled machine, and you bring a lot of heart to the department. Thank you to my PhD cohort and to the many friends I have made along the way. Aditi Mehta, thanks for being my best friend in the MCP and PhD program! Can we please find a way to work at the same place for many years to come? To Melissa Chinchilla, Aria Finkelstein, Ella Kim, Haegi Kwon, Prassanna Raman, and Yasmin Zaepoor, I am so lucky to have shared this experience (and an office at some point!) with each of you! I hope our paths continue to cross. Finally, I am so grateful to have encountered many impressive, dedicated, and impassioned MCPs (too many to list!) throughout these many years at DUSP. I have always thought that it is too bad that you all come and go so fast, but I am particularly grateful to have gotten to know many of you. * * * 4 One of the most enjoyable aspects of this research was having the excuse to talk with librarians across the Boston Public Library last summer. Each was impressive, intelligent, caring, passionate, and a joy to talk with. As I finished this dissertation, I reached back out to the librarians, and it so happened that the COVID-19 cases in Massachusetts were peaking when I did. I was so touched, and yet not surprised, by how warm their responses were. Thank you so much to all of the BPL librarians who generously took the time to talk with me! I wish I had the opportunity to work with all of you on a regular basis. I know you were busy when I reached out to you, and I am truly grateful for the time, thought, and care that you put into our interviews. It has been so wonderful to talk with all of you and see how devoted you are to your patrons, the work you do, and making the world a better place. The work you do takes time, expertise, and compassion, and I am very humbled by each of you. THANK YOU! Thank you very much to the many other people who have taken the time to meet and talk with me about libraries! Maria Balestrieri, Chris Bourg, and Jan Seymour-Ford, thank you so much for pre- testing my interview schedule. Your feedback was invaluable! Thank you, also, to John Dorsey, Glenn Ferdman, Priscilla Foley, David Giles, Valerie Karno, Eric Klinenberg, David Leonard, Maria McCauley, Shelley Quezada, Jessamyn West, and Jason Yee. Each of you has been so helpful talking with me and providing invaluable information about public libraries. Thank you, also, to the Ford Foundation, the Boston Area Research Initiative, the Bill Mitchell ++ Fund, and MIT for generously funding this research! I could not have done it without these sources of support. * * * A lot can happen during the time it takes to graduate from a doctoral program, and I am so grateful to have gained a partner and son and to have been able to live close to my family throughout most of it. I have relied on my growing family for companionship, laughs, food, support, guidance, and encouragement. The dinners, brunches, walks, movies, and vacations spent with all of you—Doug, Barbara, Mommy, Daddy, Oliver, and even Clem, our dog—mean the world to me and always will. Thank you, also, to my wonderful aunts, uncles, cousins, and in-laws, who have been so supportive throughout! To Oliver, thank you for coming into our lives as I was writing this dissertation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Immigration Posses: U.S
    Journal of Legislation Volume 34 | Issue 1 Article 2 1-1-2008 Immigration Posses: U.S. Immigration Law and Local Enforcement Practices Kevin J. Fandl Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/jleg Recommended Citation Fandl, Kevin J. (2008) "Immigration Posses: U.S. Immigration Law and Local Enforcement Practices," Journal of Legislation: Vol. 34: Iss. 1, Article 2. Available at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/jleg/vol34/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journal of Legislation at NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Legislation by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IMMIGRATION POSSES: U.S. IMMIGRATION LAW AND LOCAL ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES Kevin J. Fandl* ABSTRACT The failure of the United States Congress to pass comprehensive immigration legislation at a time when the issue of immigration has reached a boiling point has created an overwhelming demand by citizens for local reform. States have responded by enacting hundreds of laws that regulate immigration at the state level. This creates significant tension both between states with conflicting laws-which creates havens in some states and rampant enforcement in others-and between states and the federal government, which is ultimately responsible for regulating immigration law. This article examines the history of immigration legislation since the founding of the United States and looks at where the federal and state governments are today in meeting citizen demand for reform. It explores the relationship between state and federal enforcement of immigration law. Finally, it provides recommendations for effective reform and insights into why the current approach is likely to fail.
    [Show full text]
  • Liberty, Restriction, and the Remaking of Italians and Eastern European Jews
    "Liberty, Restriction, and the Remaking of Italians and Eastern European Jews, (1882-1965)" By Maddalena Marinari University of Kansas, 2009 B.A. Istituto Universitario Orientale Submitted to the Department of History and the Faculty of The Graduate School of the University Of Kansas in partial fulfillment of The requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy __________________________________________ Dr. Jeffrey Moran, Chair __________________________________________ Dr. Donna Gabaccia __________________________________________ Dr. Sheyda Jahanbani __________________________________________ Dr. Roberta Pergher __________________________________________ Dr. Ruben Flores Date Defended: 14 December 2009 The Dissertation Committee for Maddalena Marinari certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: "Liberty, Restriction, and the Remaking of Italians and Eastern European Jews, (1882-1965)" Committee: __________________________________________ Dr. Jeffrey Moran, Chair __________________________________________ Dr. Donna Gabaccia __________________________________________ Dr. Sheyda Jahanbani __________________________________________ Dr. Roberta Pergher __________________________________________ Dr. Ruben Flores Date Approved: 14 December 2009 2 Table of Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………….3 Chapter 1: From Unwanted to Restricted (1890-1921) ………………………………………...17 Chapter 2: "The doors of America are worse than shut when they are half-way open:" The Fight against the Johnson-Reed Immigration
    [Show full text]
  • Nativism and Discriminatory Laws the Chinese Exclusion Acts' Effect
    Southern New Hampshire University Nativism and Discriminatory Laws: The Chinese Exclusion Acts’ effect on Immigration Laws and Immigrants during the 19th and 20th centuries A Capstone Project Submitted to the College of Online and Continuing Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Master of Arts in History By Sandra Ippolito Philadelphia, Pa Submitted May, 2019 Copyright © 2019 by Sandra Ippolito All Rights Reserved ii Student: Sandra Ippolito I certify that this student has met the requirements for formatting the capstone project and that this project is suitable for preservation in the University Archive. __________________________________________ _______________5/22/19 Capstone Instructor Date May 21, 2019 __________________________________________ _______________ Associate Dean of Liberal Arts Date Southern New Hampshire University iii Dedication To my two children, Isabella and my unborn child, to show that when you put your mind to something anything is possible. Also, to Ryan, my husband, best friend, and the father of my children, for always pushing me to do my best. Thank you so much this is for you. iv Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vi List of Illustrations ........................................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration Enforcement Under Federalism: Conflict, Cooperation, and Policing Efficiency∗
    Immigration Enforcement under Federalism: Conflict, Cooperation, and Policing Efficiency∗ Alberto Ciancio1 and Camilo Garc´ıa-Jimeno2 1Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania 2Institute for Quantitative Theory and Methods, Emory University and NBER This Version: February 27, 2019, First Version: December, 2018 Abstract We study how the shared responsibilities over immigration enforcement by local and federal levels in the US shape immigration and law enforcement outcomes, using detailed data on the Secure Communities program (2008-2014). Tracking the pipeline taking arrested unlawfully present individuals through the several steps of the immigra- tion enforcement process, and exploiting a large shift in federal immigration enforce- ment priorities in mid 2011, we disentangle the three key components of the variation in deportation rates: federal enforcement efforts, local enforcement efforts, and the composition of the pool of arrestees. This decomposition allows us to recover the local (county) level immigration enforcement response to changes in federal immigration en- forcement intensity. Among urban counties, 80 percent, mostly Democratic but with small shares of Hispanics, exhibit strategic substitutabilities. The inverse relationship between federal and local efforts was accompanied by an increased misalignment of local and federal preferences. Increased conflict is driven by a change in the types of undocumented individuals prioritized for removal by the federal level. However, the federal level is very effective in directing its enforcement efforts towards counties where it expects local collaboration. Local immigration enforcement efforts are cor- related with improvements in policing efficiency, suggesting that heterogeneity in law enforcement outcomes closely depends on overall immigration enforcement intensity. Keywords: Immigration enforcement, Secure Communities, federalism, law enforce- ment, crime.
    [Show full text]
  • Ussct Brief Template
    No. 20-449 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, et al., Petitioners, v. NEW YORK, et al., Respondents. ON PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT BRIEF IN OPPOSITION FOR THE STATES OF NEW YORK, CONNECTICUT, AND VERMONT, AND THE CITY OF NEW YORK LETITIA JAMES Attorney General State of New York BARBARA D. UNDERWOOD* Solicitor General MATTHEW COLANGELO STEVEN C. WU Chief Counsel Deputy Solicitor General for Federal Initiatives JUDITH N. VALE ELENA GOLDSTEIN Senior Assistant Deputy Bureau Chief Solicitor General Civil Rights Bureau 28 Liberty Street MING-QI CHU New York, New York 10005 Section Chief (212) 416-8020 Labor Bureau [email protected] *Counsel of Record (Counsel list continues on signature pages.) i QUESTION PRESENTED The Immigration and Nationality Act provides that an immigrant is “inadmissible,” and thus ineligible for legal-permanent-resident status, if the immigrant “is likely at any time to become a public charge.” 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(4)(A). “Public charge” is a term of art that has long been limited to individuals who are primarily dependent on the government for long-term subsistence. In August 2019, the United States Department of Homeland Security issued a Final Rule that, for the first time, expanded the statu- tory term “public charge” to include individuals who receive any amount of certain publicly funded supple- mental benefits for twelve months out of a thirty-six- month period, even though Congress designed these benefits to supplement health, nutrition, and economic stability rather than to provide long-term subsistence.
    [Show full text]
  • Ac Ritical Examination of Immigrant Public Benefit
    PUBLICLY CHARGED: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF IMMIGRANT PUBLIC BENEFIT RESTRICTIONS CORI ALONSO-YODER † ABSTRACT Since the early days of the Trump Administration, reports of the Pres- ident’s controversial anD Dramatic immigration policies have dominated the news. Yet, despite the intensity of this coverage, an immigration policy with far broaDer implications for millions of immigrants anD their U.S.- citizen family members has dodged the same meDia glare. By expanDing the Definition of who constitutes a “public charge” unDer immigration law, the Administration has begun a process to restrict legal immigration and chill the use of welfare benefits around the country. The doctrine of public charge exclusion developed from colonial times and has reemerged in Trump Administration policies as a means to curtail legal immigration through executive action. While other commentators have questioneD the racial implications of welfare reform as they affect Black families, the Dis- criminatory animus behind efforts to kick immigrant families off the rolls has yet to be explored. Drawing on critical examinations of welfare reform that locate race- conscious motivations in the figure of the “welfare queen,” the Article ex- amines the rhetorical appeal of the “anchor baby.” By questioning the le- gitimacy of these children’s birthright citizenship and their use of benefits, proponents of immigration restriction reveal that their exclusionary poli- cies are motivateD less by concerns of immigration or economic status anD more by fears of racial Difference. When vieweD in the context of political and demographic historical trends, the public charge Doctrine emerges as a facially neutral pretext for legal discrimination that must be left firmly in the past.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration Law" Mathew J
    Florida Law Review Volume 68 | Issue 1 Article 4 October 2016 Disaggregating "Immigration Law" Mathew J. Lindsay Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/flr Part of the Immigration Law Commons Recommended Citation Mathew J. Lindsay, Disaggregating "Immigration Law", 68 Fla. L. Rev. 179 (2016). Available at: http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/flr/vol68/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UF Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Law Review by an authorized administrator of UF Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lindsay: Disaggregating "Immigration Law" DISAGGREGATING “IMMIGRATION LAW” Matthew J. Lindsay* Abstract Courts and scholars have long noted the constitutional exceptionalism of the federal immigration power, decried the injustice it produces, and appealed for greater constitutional protection for noncitizens. This Article builds on this robust literature while focusing on a particularly critical conceptual and doctrinal obstacle to legal reform—the notion that laws governing the rights of noncitizens to enter and remain within the United States comprise a distinct body of “immigration laws” presumed to be part and parcel of foreign affairs and national security. This Article argues that the U.S. Supreme Court’s recent immigration jurisprudence suggests a willingness to temper, and perhaps even retire, that presumption. In particular, the majority opinions in Zadvydas v. Davis and Padilla v. Kentucky evidence a growing skepticism among the Justices that the regulation of noncitizens comprises a discrete, constitutionally privileged domain of distinctly “political” subject matter that is properly buffered against judicial scrutiny.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Encyclopedia of American Immigration Table of Contents A Abolition movement Accent discrimination Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adoption Affirmative action African Americans and European immigrants African immigrants Afroyim v. Rusk Alabama Alaska Albright, Madeleine Alien and Sedition Acts Alien land laws Alvarez, Julia Amerasian children Amerasian Homecoming Act American Colonization Society American Jewish Committee American Protectivist Association Americanization programs Angel Island immigration station Angell's Treaty Anglo-conformity Anti-Catholicism Anti-Chinese movement Anti-Defamation League Anti-Filipino violence Anti-Japanese movement Anti-Semitism Antimiscegenation laws Antin, Mary Arab immigrants Argentine immigrants Arizona Arkansas Art Asakura v. City of Seattle Asian American Legal Defense Fund Asian American literature Asian immigrants Asian Indian immigrants Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance Asiatic Barred Zone Asiatic Exclusion League Assimilation theories Association of Indians in America Astor, John Jacob Au pairs Australian and New Zealander immigrants Austrian immigrants Aviation and Transportation Security Act B Bayard-Zhang Treaty Belgian immigrants Bell, Alexander Graham Bellingham incident Berger v. Bishop Berlin, Irving Bilingual education Bilingual Education Act of 1968 Birth control movement Border fence Border Patrol Born in East L.A. Boston Boutilier v. Immigration and Naturalization Service Bracero program "Brain drain" Brazilian immigrants British immigrants Bureau of Immigration Burlingame Treaty Burmese immigrants C Cable Act California California gold rush Cambodian immigrants Canada vs. the U.S. as immigrant destinations Canadian immigrants Canals Capitation taxes Captive Thai workers Censuses, U.S. Center for Immigration Studies Chae Chan Ping v. United States Chain migration Chang Chan v. Nagle Cheung Sum Shee v. Nagle Chicago Chicano movement Child immigrants Chilean immigrants Chin Bak Kan v.
    [Show full text]
  • In Tracing the Course of Immigration Law One Finds a Continual
    THE PRESENT STATUS OF OUR IMMIGRATION LAWS AND POLICIES E. P. H u t c h i n s o n 1 n tracing the course of immigration law one finds a continual process of amendment. New problems of immigration arise from time to time to require new legislation, and Iadministrative difficulties encountered in the enforcement of the existing law call for its modification. But the underlying immigration law and immigration policy are little affected. The pattern of regulation of immigration to the United States has been set by a few major acts, beginning with the original im­ migration act of 1882. Since that time there have been only four comprehensive immigration acts, those of 1891,1903,1907, and 1917, and for the most part these acts represented little marked change in immigration law and policy. Each succeeding act incorporated the substance of the preceding law, often with little or no change of wording, reaffirming and building on the earlier legislation rather than departing widely from it. Status at World War II. At the outbreak of World War II immigration to the United States was still largely controlled by legislation of the first world war period. The basic law reg­ ulating the admission of aliens was the Immigration Act of 1917. Superimposed on but not superseding the 1917 act was the Quota Act of 1924. The 1917 act, passed at a time of heightened concern over problems of immigration and alienage, contained the most severely restrictive controls of immigration that had yet been adopted by Congress. Included in the act were addi­ tions to the number of excludable classes, the many times ve­ toed literacy test, and the Asiatic barred zone provisions.
    [Show full text]
  • THE US IMMIGRATION SYSTEM: Principles, Interests, and Policy Proposals to Guide Long-Term Reform
    JANUARY 2018 THE US IMMIGRATION SYSTEM: Principles, Interests, and Policy Proposals to Guide Long-Term Reform S1 Moving Beyond Comprehensive Immigration Reform S163 Separated Families: Barriers to Family Reunification and Trump: Principles, Interests, and Policies to Guide After Deportation Long-Term Reform of the US Immigration System DEBORAH A. BOEHM DONALD KERWIN S179 US Immigration Policy and the Case for Family Unity S37 Making America 1920 Again? Nativism and US ZOYA GUBERNSKAYA and JOANNA DREBY Immigration, Past and Present JULIA G. YOUNG S193 Creating Cohesive, Coherent Immigration Policy PIA O. ORRENIUS and MADELINE ZAVODNY S56 Working Together: Building Successful Policy and Program Partnerships for Immigrant Integration S207 Segmentation and the Role of Labor Standards ELS DE GRAAUW and IRENE BLOEMRAAD Enforcement in Immigration Reform JANICE FINE and GREGORY LYON S75 Citizenship After Trump PETER J. SPIRO S228 Mainstreaming Involuntary Migration in Development Policies S84 Enforcement, Integration, and the Future of JOHN W. HARBESON Immigration Federalism CRISTINA RODRIGUEZ S233 Immigration Policy and Agriculture: Possible Directions for the Future S116 Is Border Enforcement Effective? What We Know and PHILIP MARTIN What It Means EDWARD ALDEN S244 National Interests and Common Ground in the US Immigration Debate: How to Legalize the US S126 Immigration Adjudication: The Missing “Rule of Law” Immigration System and Permanently Reduce Its LENNI B. BENSON Undocumented Population DONALD KERWIN and ROBERT WARREN S151 The Promise of a Subject-Centered Approach to Understanding Immigration Noncompliance in the United States EMILY RYO A publication of the Executive Editor: Donald Kerwin Lynn Shotwell Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Council for Global Immigration Associate Editors: Margaret Stock John J.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Us Immigration Laws, 1790 - Present
    Timeline M a rc h 2 0 1 3 MAJOR US IMMIGRATION LAWS, 1790 - PRESENT 1790 • 1790 Naturalization Act The (1 Stat. 103) establishes the country’s first uniform rule for naturalization. The law provides that “free white persons” who have resided in the United States for at least two years may be granted citizenship, so long as they demonstrate good moral character and swear allegiance to the Constitution. The law also provides that the children (under 21) of naturalized citizens shall also become M 1798 US citizens. • Alien and Sedition Acts Congress enacts four laws known collectively as the , which e f o r contain a number of stringent immigration enforcement provisions. Among other r provisions, the laws require that noncitizens have resided in the United States for 14 years prior to naturalization, authorize the President to apprehend, restrain, and remove noncitizens who are citizens or subjects of countries with which the United States is at war, and allows the Executive Branch to deport any noncitizen deemed “dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States.” Congress eventually repeals the naturalization provisions in 1802 and the other portions of the laws are 1864 permitted to expire. • Immigration Act of 1864 The (13 Stat. 385) establishes the position of the i g r a t i o n Commissioner of Immigration, who will report to the Secretary of State, and provides that labor contracts made by immigrants outside the United States shall be mm 1882 enforceable in the US courts. i • Immigration Act of 1882 Congress enacts the (22 Stat.
    [Show full text]
  • US Press Framing of Immigrants and Epidemics, 1891 to 1893
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Communication Theses Department of Communication 11-20-2008 Contagion from Abroad: U.S. Press Framing of Immigrants and Epidemics, 1891 to 1893 Harriet Moore Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/communication_theses Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Moore, Harriet, "Contagion from Abroad: U.S. Press Framing of Immigrants and Epidemics, 1891 to 1893." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2008. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/communication_theses/42 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Communication at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communication Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONTAGION FROM ABROAD: U.S. PRESS FRAMING OF IMMIGRANTS AND EPIDEMICS, 1891 TO 1893 by HARRIET MOORE Under the Direction of Dr. Leonard Ray Teel ABSTRACT This thesis examines press framing of immigrant issues and epidemics in newspapers and periodicals, 1891 to 1893. During these years, immigration policies tightened because of the Immigration Act of 1891, the opening of Ellis Island in 1892, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1892, the New York City epidemics of 1892, the National Quarantine Act of 1893, and the nativist movement. The research questions are: 1) How did articles in newspapers and periodicals frame immigrants and immigration issues in the context of epidemics from 1891 and 1893?; 2) How did the press framing of immigrants and immigration issues in the context of epidemics from 1891 to 1893 reflect themes of nativism? This thesis contributes to the discourse of immigration because Americans historically have learned about immigration from the press.
    [Show full text]