Architecture Philosophy is the journal of the International Society for the Philosophy of Architecture (ISPA). The society was founded in 2009 by Carolyn Fahey, and the journal was first published in 2014 by Tom Spector, Carolyn Fahey, and Stefan Koller. Architecture Philosophy proudly acknowledges the financial support from the Oklahoma State University School of Architecture and the College of Engineering Architecture and Technology that makes free distribution of print copies possible. The journal also acknowledges the support from the Oklahoma State University Library for making the submission management software, the journal’s online presence, and its indexing in academic search engines a reality. Architecture Philosophy (ISSN 2372-0883) is published semiannually. Two parts form a volume. The subscription is free for digital copies, and print copies are available to society members at ISPA events. Visit isparchitecture.com for digital access to the journal’s content. The graphical layout of the journal and the cover design are by Carolyn Fahey. Copying This journal is copyrighted by Oklahoma State University. For permission requests please contact the ISPA at
[email protected]. © Oklahoma State University Printed in the United States by Oklahoma State University. Managing Editor Tom Spector, Ph.D., University of California - Berkeley Assistant Editors Christoph Baumberger, Ph.D., ETH Zürich Carolyn Fahey, Ph.D., Newcastle University Stefan Koller, Ph.D., Delft University of Technology Editorial Board Philosophy Rebecca Bensen-Cain,