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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0244266A1 Reardon Et Al US 20130244266A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0244266A1 Reardon et al. (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 19, 2013 (54) BOSENSING SYSTEMIS FOR Related U.S. Application Data MEASUREMENT OF LACTOSE (60) Provisional application No. 61/415,920, filed on Nov. 22, 2010, provisional application No. 61/510,382, (76) Inventors: Kenneth F. Reardon, Fort Collins, CO filed on Jul. 21, 2011. (US); David S. Dandy, Fort Collins, CO (US); Ryan E. Holcomb, Fort Collins, Publication Classification CO (US) (51) Int. C. Appl. No.: 13/988,723 GOIN 2L/64 (2006.01) (21) (52) U.S. C. CPC .................................. G0IN 2 1/6486 (2013.01) (22) PCT Filed: Nov. 22, 2011 USPC .. 435/26: 435/288.7; 435/25; 435/29: 435/27 (86) PCT NO.: PCT/US2O11AO61956 (57) ABSTRACT S371 (c)(1), Herein disclosed are biosensing systems that measure lactose (2), (4) Date: May 21, 2013 concentration in a solution. Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 1 of 9 US 2013/0244266 A1 O 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 H2O2 (ppm) FIG. 1 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 % Lactose (wthwt) FIG. 2 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 2 of 9 US 2013/0244266 A1 122 1.1 OS 1.02 0.012 0.07 0.22 0.027 0.032 % Lactose (wt wt) FIG. 3 1. 3 25 1. 2 1.15 1. 1. 05 20.4 27.2 FIG. 4 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 3 of 9 US 2013/0244266A1 1.13 1.11 1. O9 O 7 1.05 1.03 0.012 0.016 O.02 0.024 0.028 0.032 %Lactose (wwt.) FIG. 5 1.26 1,22 2 O 1.18 9 $n 1.14 - 11 1.05 12 15 20 24 28 H2O, (ppm) F.G. 6 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 4 of 9 US 2013/0244266 A1 12 st .9 s Cl CD O OOO 2OOO 3OOO 4OOC SubStrate COnCentration s Substrate TP, bulk solution diffusion D, &:3;&SW. D. RNA f enzyme 1. layer 2RS. f V 2S weWS WWNXscast rer * : * re. wf WW WW FIG. 8 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 5 of 9 US 2013/0244266 A1 1.20 1.16 Lactose (mM) 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.00 O 5 10 15 20 Lactose (mM) FIG. 10 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 6 of 9 US 2013/0244266A1 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 O 20 40 60 80 100 Lactose (mM) F.G. 11 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 7 of 9 US 2013/0244266 A1 1 OO N. 150-- 13O 120 110 FIG. 12 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 8 of 9 US 2013/0244266 A1 70 10 Light Source 8O Filter 50 Bifurcated Optical Cable 40 1. Detection Device Signal Pig , 22 y Software 50 Matrix 64 , 82 90 1 N-u pH/O2 Responsive Biocomponent Fluorescent Transducer 2O 30 FIG. 13 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 9 of 9 US 2013/0244266 A1 Generate light of a first wavelength and send the light 2OO through bifurcated optical cable to a transducer within a biosensing element Analyte diffuses into matrix of biosensing element and reacts 204 with biocomponent y Product of reaction produces or uses oxygen or protons that 2O6 affects the level of luminescence of transducer at a Second \ wavelength of light L Second wavelength of light is transmitted through bifurcated 2O8 optical cable to photon-detection device Photon-detection device detects and multiplies second wavelength of light and sends a signal to a signal processing system Signal processing system contains Software that uses an algorithm to transform the signal from photon -detection device to an output that correlates to the Concentration of the analyte F.G. 14 US 2013/0244266 A1 Sep. 19, 2013 BOSENSING SYSTEMIS FOR are selected such that Da is greater than the value of 1-3 and MEASUREMENT OF LACTOSE the quotient between Da and 4B is from about 10 to at least 1000, and V is the maximum reaction rate achieved by the RELATED APPLICATIONS biocomponent layer under Saturation lactose concentrations, 0001. This application claims the benefit of priority to and K is the lactose concentration at which the reaction rate U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. Nos. 61/415,920, achieved by the biocomponent layer is half of V, and f is the lactose concentration in the said solution divided by K of filed Nov. 22, 2010, and 61/510,382, filed Jul. 21, 2011. Each said biocomponent for lactose, and h is the thickness of the of these applications is herein incorporated by reference. enzyme biocomponent layer which is embedded within a GOVERNMENT RIGHTS matrix, and h is the thickness of a porous polymeric or ceramic material which sits atop the enzyme biocomponent 0002 This invention was made with Government support layer, and D, is the diffusion coefficient of the polymer coat under contract number BES-0529048 awarded by the National Science Foundation. The U.S. Government has cer ing, and Da is a dimensionless number, and Dais (h, V,h)/ tain rights in this invention. 0008. In another embodiment, the biosensing system luminescent transducer layer contains a luminescent agent BACKGROUND that is selected from the group consisting of a fluorescent 0003. Many different products in our daily diet are derived agent, a phosphorescent agent, a bioluminescent agent, or a from milk. Milk contains Sugar, fats and proteins. The pri chemiluminescent agent. mary Sugar in milk is lactose. Lactose is found at levels of 0009. In one embodiment, the biosensing system lumines about 2-8 percent in milk. Lactose is a disaccharide Sugar cent transducer layer contains a luminescent agent that is composed of galactose and glucose. In the dairy industry it is selected from the group consisting of trisodium 8-hydroxy often necessary to measure lactose concentrations. For 1.3.6-trisulphonate, fluoro(8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulpho example, the production of lactose-free milk requires analysis nate), tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complex, RuDPP. ruthe of the lactose levels in the final product and could be opti nium complexes, and acridinium- and quinidinium-based mized by lactose measurements during the process. reagents, fluorescein, fluoresceinamine, or a fluorescein con 0004 Analytical methods that are currently used to mea taining compound. Sure the concentration of lactose in milk take samples from 0010. In one embodiment, the biosensing system biocom the milk solutions and then send them to laboratories where ponent layer comprises a biocomponent selected from the they are analyzed. When the milk samples are removed, and group consisting of at least one enzyme selected from the during the time it takes to test these samples, the chemistry of group consisting of enzymes from Enzyme Commission the sample often changes and thus the test results may be inaccurate or inconsistent. Current analytical methods have a numbers 1.1.3, 1.2.3, 1.3.3, 1.4.3, 1.5.3, 1.6.3, 1.7.3, 1.8.3, limited range of measurement because the response of their 1.9.3, 1.10.3, 1.16.3, 1.17.3, 1.21.3, and 3.2.1.23. detection element saturates, returning the same signal for two 0011. In one embodiment, the biosensing system biocom different concentrations. In order to obtain an accurate con ponent layer comprises a biocomponent displaced within a centration measurement under Saturating conditions, the matrix comprising a hydrogel or other polymer, and wherein Solution is diluted and then measured again. This can lead to the hydrogel is selected from the group consisting of algal measurement errors and is not readily Suitable for continuous polysaccharides, agarose, alginate, gelatin, collagen, pectin, and in-situ measurements. poly(carbamoyl)sulfonate, locust bean gum, and gellan, and wherein the other polymer is selected from the group consist SUMMARY ing of polyacrylamide, polystyrene, polymethacrylate, poly vinylalcohol and polyurethane, and wherein the biocompo 0005. The present instrumentalities advance the art and nent is adsorbed within said matrix layer by physisorption or overcome the problems discussed above by providing bio chemisorption. sensing systems, biosensing elements and methods for use in 0012. In one embodiment, the biosensing system biocom detecting one or more analytes such as lactose and hydrogen ponent is bound to the matrix layer through adding crosslink peroxide in milk, milk byproducts, or other solutions that may ing agents to the biocomponent disposed within the matrix contain carbohydrate and/or hydrogen peroxide and also pro layer, and wherein the crosslinking agents are selected from viding biosensing systems that allow measurements at high the group consisting of glutaraldehyde, hexamethylene diiso concentrations of an analyte and avoid sample dilution. cyanate and 1,5-dinitro-2,4-difluorobenzene, glutaraldehyde, 0006. In one aspect, a biosensing system that measures polyethyleneimine, hexamethylenediamine and formalde lactose concentration in a solution is disclosed, wherein the biosensing system comprises an optode comprising an optical hyde. fiber having a first tip and a second tip, the first tip is covered 0013. In one embodiment, the biosensor luminescent by aluminescent transducer layer, the luminescent transducer transducer layer is bound in a layer of molecules bound to the layer is covered by a biocomponent layer, the biocomponent first tip of the optical fiber, the layer of molecules is selected layer is covered by a porous membrane, the second tip is from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, coupled to a photon-detection device, and the photon-detec silica, glass, dextran, starch, agarose, porous silica, chitin and tion device is coupled to a signal processing system.
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