Data Sheets Are Available on Request for All Products

Oleon Head Office

Oleon nv Sandefjord Oleon UK Ltd Assenedestraat 2 Oleon Scandinavia AS 19 Wolsey Close 9940 Ertvelde - Belgium Framnesveien 57, PO Box 2051 Worcester Park T: +32 (0)9 341 10 11 3202 Sandefjord - Norway Surrey KT4 7EF F: +32 (0)9 341 10 00 T: + 47 33 44 88 00 United Kingdom E: [email protected] F: + 47 33 44 88 99 T: + 44 2083 379 111 E: [email protected] F: + 44 2083 303 684 E: [email protected] SS Oleon R&D Compiègne Methods of Analysis Novance Innovation Oleon Southern Europe Srl Industriezone Ter Straten Rue les Rives de l’Oise Corso Podestà 8/1 Acid value AOCS Cd 3a-63 Vaartstraat 130 BP 20609 - Venette 16128 Genova - Italy Iodine value AOCS Cd 1-25 2520 Oelegem - Belgium 60206 Compiègne Cedex - France T: + 39 01 05 39 98 14 T: +32 (0)3 470 62 11 T: +33 3 44 90 70 07 F: + 39 01 05 41 931 Hydroxyl value AOCS Cd 13-60 F: +32 (0)3 470 62 00 F: +33 3 44 90 70 70 E: [email protected] Saponification value AOCS Cd 3-25 E: [email protected]

Fatty acid composition AOCS Ce 1b-89 Oleon Northern Europe Oleon Sales Offices Framnesveien 57, PO Box 2051 Melting point AOCS Cc 3-25 3202 Sandefjord - Norway Oleon Plants Cloud point AOCS Cc 6-25 Oleon M&S - Base oleochemicals T: + 47 33 44 88 00 Assenedestraat 2 F: + 47 33 44 88 99 PERSONAL CARE Alpha-monoglycerides AOCS Cd 11-57 Section ll Ertvelde 9940 Ertvelde - Belgium E: [email protected] Assenedestraat 2 Free glycerol AOCS Ca 14-56 T: +32 (0)9 341 10 11 9940 Ertvelde - Belgium F: +32 (0)9 341 12 62 Oleon Americas Inc Moisture Karl Fischer AOCS Ca 2e-84 T: +32 (0)9 341 10 11 E: [email protected] 205 Bryce Circle Suite B F: +32 (0)9 341 10 00 Color, Lovibond AOCS Cc 13b-45 colorscan Simpsonville, SC 29681 - USA E: [email protected] Color, Gardner AOCS Td 1a-64 colorscan Oleon M&S - Derivatives T: + 1 864 329 1887 Industriezone Ter Straten F: + 1 864 329 1897 Color, Apha AOCS Td 1b-64 colorscan Oelegem Vaartstraat 130 E: [email protected] Industriezone Ter Straten Flash point, °C AOCS Cc 9a-48 2520 Oelegem - Belgium Vaartstraat 130 T: +32 (0)3 470 62 11 Oleon Asia-Pacific Sdn Bhd 2520 Oelegem - Belgium F: +32 (0)3 470 62 00 Suite 28-08 Level 28, Centro T: +32 (0)3 470 62 11 E: [email protected] 8 Jalan Batu Tiga Lama F: +32 (0)3 470 62 00 41300 Klang E: [email protected] Oleon GmbH Selangor Darul Ehsan - Malaysia Friedrichstrasse 6 T: + 60 3 3345 2782 Emmerich 65185 Wiesbaden - Germany F: + 60 3 3345 2758 Oleon GmbH - oleochemicals T: + 49 (0) 611 565 88 0 E: [email protected] & specialties F: + 49 (0) 611 565 88 49 Industriestrasse 10 E: [email protected] Oleon Benelux 46446 Emmerich am Rhein - Germany Assenedestraat 2 T: + 49 (0) 2822 74 0 Oleon France SAS 9940 Ertvelde - Belgium F: + 49 (0) 2822 74 484 Le Parc aux Vignes - Bâtiment B T: +32 (0)9 341 11 54 E: [email protected] 23, Allée des Vendanges F: +32 (0)9 341 12 62 77183 Croissy Beaubourg - France E: [email protected] Port Klang T: + 33 (0)1 64 73 00 51 Oleon Sdn Bhd F: + 33 (0)1 64 73 00 56 Lot 57, Jalan Sungai Pinang 4/3/KS11 E: [email protected] Selangor Halal Hub Pulau Indah Industrial Park oleon.com 42920 Port Klang Selangor Darul Ehsan - Malaysia T: + 60 3 3101 3330 F: + 60 3 3101 3334 E: [email protected] Starting from natural, renewable raw materials, Oleon manufactures a broad range of natural chemicals with varying characteristics to fit many application needs and most demanding requirements. We offer renewable, environmental friendly, and biodegradable ingredients for your processes: Oleon, a natural chemistry!

Oleon is the leading company in Europe for the production of chemicals based on nature’s oils and fats. Oleon manages to find that thin balance between technical performance and environmental awareness: our products meet the most stringent market requirements and comply as well with the latest environmental legislation due to the biodegradability and renewability of its raw materials: vegetable oils and animal fats. Oleon brings you the green chemistry of the future, today.

COSMETICSSince January 2009 Oleon nv belongs to Sofiprotéol, the financial Personal Careorganization of the French vegetable oils and proteins sector. By this operation, Oleon has joined a group present on the entire oilseeds sector – from grain to all its end products – and strongly engaged in the development of oleochemistry. It also reinforces the strategy of diversification and international development implemented by Oleon to strengthen its position among European leaders on the global oleochemical market. Oleon converts renewable raw materials into 500,000 tons of fatty acids, esters, glycerine, dimers and other specialties. Those products combine high technical and environmental properties and are used by industrial companies in applications such as lubricants, detergents, cosmetics and hygienic products, coatings and paints. 1

trade name Radia® and Nouracid®

products - fatty acids - glycerine - esters - dimer acids - technical oils - ketones - biodiesel - specialty oleochemicals raw materials - vegetable oils (oil of palm, sunflower, coconut, …) All our raw materials are non-toxic and biodegradable

Oleon Oleon Ertvelde, Belgium (also head office) production glycerine, fatty alcohols, biodiesel, R&D sites Oleon Oelegem, Belgium fatty esters, dimer acids, R&D Oleon Emmerich, Germany specialty fatty acids, ketones, technical oils, vitamins, R&D Oleon Sandefjord, Norway fatty esters Oleon Port Klang, Malaysia fatty esters Oleon Compiègne, France fatty esters, glycerine, R&D

safety We at Oleon pledge to conduct our activities and products in a manner quality that safeguards the environment, the health and safety of our personnel, environment local communities, consumers and the general public. To ensure environmental control, the production is iso14001 certified. An Internal Safety Management system based on the principles of isrs and ohsas18001 ensures the health and safety of our personnel and the surrounding public. To guarantee the quality and consistency of Oleon products and services, the quality assurance system iso9001 is implemented and certified throughout the whole organization.

Information contained in this publication is true and accurate to the best of our knowledge. The nominal values stated herein are obtained using laboratory test specimens. Oleon nv and its affiliated companies do not accept any liability whatsoever arising from the use of this information or the use, application or processing of any product described herein. No information contained in this publication can be considered as a suggestion to infring patents. The Company disclaims any liability that may be claimed for infringement or alleged infringement Table of contents

3 General information 6 Overview Radia® products for personal care 10 Glycerine 12 Radiacid® fatty acids 16 Radia® emollients 18 Radia® pearlescent - bodying agents 22 Radia® emulsifiers 24 Radia® stabilizers 26 Radianol® isostearic acid and derivatives 28 Product properties and applications 30 Composition of natural fats and oils 32 Alphabetical list by INCI names Radia® 3 oleochemicals General Information Oleochemicals are derived from a naturally renewable resource: natural fats and oils. Oleochemistry splits these raw materials to obtain their constituents, glycerine and fatty acids, and then recombines them with other molecules or with each other. Oleochemistry uses the biodegradable, non-toxic and non-irritant properties of natural fats and oils to produce a wide range of chemicals. The production of Radia® and Nouracid® oleochemicals is an integrated operation from fatty acids and glycerine to oleochemical derivatives, specialty and performance chemicals. Traditionally, most end uses of oleochemicals have resulted from their lack of toxicity and from the low skin and eye irritation displayed by the hydrocarbon chains present in natural fatty materials. Today, governments and industry are increasingly aware of the combination of efficiency and environmental compatibility offered by oleochemicals. In recent years Oleon Research has developed many new environmentally friendly oleochemicals, such as a biodegradable drilling mud fluid, a lubricant for water-based drilling muds, base oils for biodegradable lubricants, deinking chemicals and non-VOC solvents. fatty acids Oleon, the leader on the European oleochemical scene, markets a wide range of fatty acids. Radiacid® and Nouracid® fatty acids are derived from animal fats and oils such as beef tallow and from vegetable oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, coconut and palm kernel oils, palm oil, etc. Radiacid® and Nouracid® fatty acids are produced by Oleon in its plant at Ertvelde near Ghent, Belgium (which went into production in 1958), and its Kosher and HALAL certified plant in Emmerich, Germany (in production since 1908). Over the years these plants have grown to their present status: not only one of the biggest but also one of the most modern and efficient oleochemical plants worldwide. In Ertvelde fatty acids and glycerine are produced. In the Emmerich plant the production of specialty fatty acids takes place, along with ketones, technical oils and vitamins. natural glycerine The applications of natural glycerine are based on a unique combination of properties: it is a tasteless and odorless hygroscopic, non-toxic and non-irritant viscous liquid with a plasticizing and lubricating activity, and it contains three free hydroxyl groups, supplying chemical reactivity. fatty esters The performance-directed esterification or transesterification of our own fatty acids, fatty alcohols, hydrogenated triglycerides and glycerine with other acids and alcohols leads to a wide range of oily, fatty or waxy substances, each with its own specific physical and chemical properties. Almost all fatty esters display the inherent advantages of their raw materials, natural fats and oils: they are non-toxic, non-irritating and biodegradable. The number of possible fatty esters is virtually unlimited. So are the combinations of functions they can perform. RADIA® OLEOCHEMICALS FOR PERSONAL CARE Radia® Oleochemicals are non-toxic, non-irritating and fully biodegradable products supplied by natural vegetable oils such as palm oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil,… Oleon proposes a wide range of raw materials for personal care products and topical preparations. Radia® Oleochemicals meet the requirements of this high quality demanding market:they are from vegetable origin, they are odorless and show great sensorial properties.

The major Radia® Oleochemicals for these applications are presented in this brochure according to their main functions. The following list is not exhaustive. We invite you to contact us for more details. 5 SAFE FOR HUMANKIND AND FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (The environment and humankind: Oleon takes care of everything)

All fatty esters presented in this brochure display the inherent advantages of their feedstock, natural fats and oils: non-toxic, non-irritating, biodegradable and environmentally friendly in general. Oleon encourages its customers and potential customers of Radia® oleochemicals to give proper regard to human health and environmental quality. Material Safety, Hygiene and Environmental data sheets are available on request for all products. The W.G.K. (Wassergefährdungsklasse) of all fatty esters in this brochure is between 0 and 1.

Table A /

100

20 Rapeseed oil ®

(cecl 33-a-93) % Biodegradability (cecl Radia 0 Mineral oil, neutral 1 2 3 White oil Weeks

VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL ORIGIN The fatty acids that are used to produce these fatty esters are vegetable or animal fats and oils (triglycerides). The composition of these fatty acids is either the natural composition of the triglycerides or a technical cut. For some grades a pure fatty acid is required. The origin of the beef tallow and the production process used guarantee that our final products satisfy the European BSE-legislation. The presence of GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms) is linked to the use of fatty acids of soybean or corn. These fatty acids are not used in the range presented here.

STANDARD AVAILABILITY & PACKAGING Given the wide range of esters and our policy of continuous development, it is almost impossible to guarantee the availability in stock of all esters at all times. If a product is required that is not currently available, our sales organization will inform you and reach an agreement that takes the minimum batch size of the relevant esterification unit into account. Bulk, as liquids at min. 15°C above cloud point or melting point. Liquids: 175 kg net drums or containers of ca. 1000 liters. Flakes or powder: 25 kg net bags on 1000 kg pallets or in 500 kg net “big bags”. RADIA® Application overview

Table 1 / application overview FUNCTION SKIN CARE HAIR CARE TOILETRIES COLOR COSMETICS

ORIGIN PHYSICAL TRADE NAME INCI NAME VEGETABLE FORM cleansing agent coemulsifier o/w emulsifier o/w emulsifier w/o dispersant solubilizer agent consistency emollient opacifier solvent facial body carebaby sun shampoos conditioners bath & baby oils bath & shower products antiperspirants deodorants & careoral shaving facial make-up productslip productsnail products eye perfumes & fragrances

Radia 7752 Butyl stearate paste • • • • • • • • • • • • • Radia 7101 Caprylic / Capric triglyceride (70/30) • liquid • • • • • • Radia 7104 Caprylic / Capric triglyceride (60/40) • liquid • • • • • • • • • • • • Radia 7500 Cetyl palmitate • flakes • • • • • • • • • • Radia 7336 Decyl oleate • liquid • • • • • Radia 7722 Ethylhexyl cocoate • liquid • • • • • • • • • • Radia 7779 Ethylhexyl palmitate • liquid • • • • • • • • • • • Radia 7772 Ethylhexyl stearate • liquid • • • • • • • • • • Radiasurf 7908 Glyceryl laurate (90%) • paste • • • • • • • • • Radiasurf 7143 Glyceryl stearate • flakes • • • • • • • • • Radiasurf 7343 Glyceryl stearate (40%, EP type I) • flakes • • • • • • • • Radiasurf 7142 Glyceryl stearate (60%) • flakes • • • • • • • • Radiamuls 2643 Glyceryl stearate (60%) • flakes • • • • • • • • Radiamuls 2932 Glyceryl stearate citrate SE • powder • • • • • • • Radiamuls 2950 Glyceryl stearate lactate • powder • • • • • • Radiasurf 7141 Glyceryl stearate SE • flakes • • • • • • • • • Radia 7268 Glycol distearate • flakes • • • • • • • • • • • Radiasurf 7270 Glycol stearate • flakes • • • • • Radia 7750 Isoamyl laurate • liquid • • • • Radia 7739 Isopropyl isostearate liquid • • • • • • • • • • • • • Radia 7730 Isopropyl myristate • liquid • • • • • • • • • • • • • Radia 7732 Isopropyl palmitate • liquid • • • • • • • • • • • Radia 0909 Isostearic acid • liquid • • • • • • • • • • • • Radia 0908 Isostearic acid • liquid • • • • • • • • • • • • Radia 1980 Isostearyl alcohol • liquid • • • • • • • • • • • • Radia 7687 Neopentyl glycol diisostearate liquid • • • • • • • • • • • Radiasurf 7403 PEG-8 oleate liquid • • • • • Radiasurf 7473 PEG-10 stearate liquid • • • • • Radiasurf 7454 PEG-12 distearate liquid • • • • • Radiasurf 7318 PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate • liquid • • • • • • Radialube 7181 Pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate liquid • • • • • • • • • • • • Radiamuls Poly 2248 Polyglyceryl-3 stearate • flakes • • • • • Radiamuls Poly 2253 Polyglyceryl-3 polyricinoleate • liquid • • • • • Radiasurf 7137 Polysorbate 20 • liquid • • • • • • • • • • • • • Radiasurf 7147 Polysorbate 60 • liquid • • • • • • • Radiamuls 2157 Polysorbate 80 • liquid • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Radia 7208 Propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate • liquid • • • • • • • • • • • • • Radiamuls SL2990 Sodium stearoyl lactylate • powder • • • • • • Radiasurf 7758 Sorbitan isostearate liquid • • • • • • Radiasurf 7125 Sorbitan laurate • paste • • • • • • • Radiamuls 2155 Sorbitan oleate • liquid • • • • • • • Radiasurf 7145 Sorbitan stearate • flakes • • • • • • • • • Radiasurf 7755 Sorbitan trioleate liquid • • • • • • Radia 7373 Triisostearin • liquid • • • • • • • • • • • • • Radia 7380 Trimethylolpropane Triisostearate liquid • • • • • • • • • • • Radia 7363 Triolein • liquid • 7

Table 1 / application overview FUNCTION SKIN CARE HAIR CARE TOILETRIES COLOR COSMETICS

The ability to hold and attract water, the humectancy, of glycerine is stronger than that of a polyol such as sorbitol. It contributes to the stability of the products and supplements the skin’s water content. Glycerine is miscible with water and alcohol. It is a solvent for lower alcohols, glycols, a partial solvent for low molecular weight esters and ethers and it is insoluble in oils and higher alcohols. Among the various other properties related to the hygroscopicity and solubilization characteristics of glycerine are: plasticizing, binding and the enhancement of smoothness and gloss. Glycerine can also act as a preservative, as a barrier for oily materials, as a fixative for perfumes and as a carrier of pigments and other ingredients. Many personal care products contain glycerine: all types of barrier and protective creams, cleansing lotions, shaving lotions; liposome formulations; barrier and protective gels, clear gels and sticks; nail hardeners, cuticle removers; toothpaste, mouth wash; eye shadows, face powders, make-up creams; transparent cleansing compounds; clear toilet soaps; perfumes; etc. Our pharmaceutical and chemically pure glycerines meet the requirements of the U.S. and European Pharmacopoeia.

Table 2 / typical values of pharmaceutical and chemically pure glycerines

Glycerol content Acidity/ Halogenated Impurity Water Color Apha Refractive index Relative Esters, Sulphated Chloride (CI), Heavy metals, Aldehydes, Code number Type by refractive Alkalinity, compounds, and related (Karl Fischer),% (Hazen) at 20°C density at 20° C ml 0.1 M HCl Ash, % ppm ppm ppm index, % meq/100 g ppm substances

4813 mixed ≥ 99.5 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 10 ≥ 1.4732 ≥ 1.2620 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 2 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10

4823 mixed 86 - 88 12 - 14 ≤ 10 1.4524 - 1.4554 1.2271 - 1.2325 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 10 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 conform

4818 mixed ≥ 99.8 ≤ 0.2 ≤ 10 ≥ 1.4737 ≥ 1.2632 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 10 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 conform

4810 vegetable ≥ 99.5 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 10 1.4732-1.4740 ≥ 1.2620 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 10 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 conform

4827 vegetable 84 - 88 12 - 16 ≤ 10 1.4524 - 1.4554 1.2271 - 1.2325 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 10 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 conform

4833 kosher ≥ 99.7 ≤ 0.3 ≤ 10 ≥ 1.4735 ≥ 1.2629 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 10 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 conform

4808 vegetable ≥ 99.7 ≤ 0.3 ≤ 10 1.4735 -1.4740 ≥ 1.2620 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 10 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 conform 11

Table 2 / typical values of pharmaceutical and chemically pure glycerines

4813 mixed ≥ 99.5 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 10 ≥ 1.4732 ≥ 1.2620 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 2 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10

4823 mixed 86 - 88 12 - 14 ≤ 10 1.4524 - 1.4554 1.2271 - 1.2325 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 10 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 conform

4818 mixed ≥ 99.8 ≤ 0.2 ≤ 10 ≥ 1.4737 ≥ 1.2632 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 10 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 conform

4810 vegetable ≥ 99.5 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 10 1.4732-1.4740 ≥ 1.2620 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 10 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 conform

4827 vegetable 84 - 88 12 - 16 ≤ 10 1.4524 - 1.4554 1.2271 - 1.2325 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 10 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 conform

4833 kosher ≥ 99.7 ≤ 0.3 ≤ 10 ≥ 1.4735 ≥ 1.2629 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 10 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 conform

4808 vegetable ≥ 99.7 ≤ 0.3 ≤ 10 1.4735 -1.4740 ≥ 1.2620 ≤ 0.04 ≥ 8 ≤ 0.01 ≤ 10 ≤ 30 ≤ 5 ≤ 10 conform RADIACID® FATTY ACIDS

Radiacid® fatty acids are emollients, bodying agents, stabilizers and binders. Their main application however is the production of soaps: luxury soaps, shaving sticks and emulsifying soaps.

Table 3 / fatty acids

LOVIBOND COLOR, SATURATED FATTY ACIDS UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS 5 1/4" ACID VALUE, IODINE VALUE, TRADE NAME TITRE, °C CLOUD POINT, °C mg KOH/g g I2/100g Yellow max Red max C6-10 C12 C14 C16 C18 C20 C22 C16-1 C18-1 C18-2 C18-3

Behenic acid

Radiacid 0560 155-165 < 2 > 75 20 2 > 85

Coconut acids

Radiacid 0600 252-264 8-12 25-29 5 1 < 1,5 52-59 19-23 8-12 1-5 5-10 <3

Radiacid 0620 254-266 10-20 23-28 20 2 6-14 40-46 14-18 9-16 3-8 7-12 <4

Radiacid 0625 265-277 7-11 23-26 20 2 9-17 46-52 16-20 7-11 1-5 4-9 <3

Radiacid 0631 260-275 <1 26-31 5 1 9-17 44-51 16-20 8-12 8-14

Radiacid 0632 252-259 <1 29-33 10 1 < 1.5 51-57 20-25 9-12 9-14

Oleic acids

Radiacid 0166 196-204 110-120 4-14 15 2 4-8 <3 <5 <2 56-66 18-25 6-10

Radiacid 0215 194-202 90-98 <17 10 1 2-7 3-6 <3 <1 73-82 7-13 <4

Radiacid 0254 195-204 90-98 <8 8 1.2 <4 <5 <2 <1 > 70 <16 <1

Radiacid 0294 194-201 85-94 <10 APHA max 60 >90

Stearic acids

Radiacid 0152 195-201 <2 65-69 10 1 >92

Radiacid 0414 201-209 <1 57-61 2 0.5 <3 30-35 60-69

Radiacid 0417 205-211 <1 54-57 2 0.3 <2 42-49 49-55 <2

Radiacid 0419 206-211 <1 54-57 1.5 0.3 <4 45-50 48-50 <1

Radiacid 0421 208-212 <1 54-56 2 0.3 <5 50-55 41-47 <2

Radiacid 0464 209-214 <1 54-56 2 0.3 <4 59-68 31-38 <2

Isostearic acid

Radiacid 0908 ≥ 180 ≤ 3 ≤ 10 Apha ≤ 100 0.1 1 6 3 0.5 branched chains 71 cyclis chains 16

Radiacid 0909 190 -197 ≤ 3 ≤ 5 Apha ≤ 100 0.1 1 6 2 0.5 branched chains 75.5 cyclis chains 14 Emulsions Monovalent fatty acid soaps form oil-in-water emulsions. High-melting stearic acids are used in emulsions with bodying properties for body milks, hydrating creams, protective creams, etc. Soaps of oleic acid yield more fluid emulsions, which modify the viscosity of stearic soap based cream.

13 Soaps Stearic acids are products of choice for the manufacture of luxury soaps and shaving sticks or foams. Oleic acids are recommended to produce liquid pump soaps. Coconut acids are outstanding foamers, used in shaving foams and aerosols. The foam they produce is extremely soft and offers great ease of expulsion.

Table 3 / fatty acids

Behenic acid

Radiacid 0560 155-165 < 2 > 75 20 2 > 85

Coconut acids

Radiacid 0600 252-264 8-12 25-29 5 1 < 1,5 52-59 19-23 8-12 1-5 5-10 <3

Radiacid 0620 254-266 10-20 23-28 20 2 6-14 40-46 14-18 9-16 3-8 7-12 <4

Radiacid 0625 265-277 7-11 23-26 20 2 9-17 46-52 16-20 7-11 1-5 4-9 <3

Radiacid 0631 260-275 <1 26-31 5 1 9-17 44-51 16-20 8-12 8-14

Radiacid 0632 252-259 <1 29-33 10 1 < 1.5 51-57 20-25 9-12 9-14

Oleic acids

Radiacid 0166 196-204 110-120 4-14 15 2 4-8 <3 <5 <2 56-66 18-25 6-10

Radiacid 0215 194-202 90-98 <17 10 1 2-7 3-6 <3 <1 73-82 7-13 <4

Radiacid 0254 195-204 90-98 <8 8 1.2 <4 <5 <2 <1 > 70 <16 <1

Radiacid 0294 194-201 85-94 <10 APHA max 60 >90

Stearic acids

Radiacid 0152 195-201 <2 65-69 10 1 >92

Radiacid 0414 201-209 <1 57-61 2 0.5 <3 30-35 60-69

Radiacid 0417 205-211 <1 54-57 2 0.3 <2 42-49 49-55 <2

Radiacid 0419 206-211 <1 54-57 1.5 0.3 <4 45-50 48-50 <1

Radiacid 0421 208-212 <1 54-56 2 0.3 <5 50-55 41-47 <2

Radiacid 0464 209-214 <1 54-56 2 0.3 <4 59-68 31-38 <2

Isostearic acid

Radiacid 0908 ≥ 180 ≤ 3 ≤ 10 Apha ≤ 100 0.1 1 6 3 0.5 branched chains 71 cyclis chains 16

Radiacid 0909 190 -197 ≤ 3 ≤ 5 Apha ≤ 100 0.1 1 6 2 0.5 branched chains 75.5 cyclis chains 14 Fatty acids 15 RADIA® EMOLLIENTS

Table 4 / emollients

COLOR FATTY ACID ACID VALUE, IODINE VALUE, POUR POINT, CLOUD POINT, VISCOSITY AT 40°C, TRADE NAME INCI NAME PHYSICAL FORM COMPOSITION, mg KOH/g g l /100g °C °C mm2/s % 2 METHOD VALUE

Radia 7752 Butyl stearate paste < 0.5 < 1 APHA < 65 20 20-25 7.2

Radia 7104 Caprylic / capric triglycerides liquid C8/C10 60/40 < 0.2 < 1 APHA < 50 < -10 16

Radia 7101 Caprylic / capric triglycerides liquid C8/C10 70/30 < 0.2 < 1 APHA < 70 < -12 14

Radia 7336 Decyl oleate liquid < 1 55-65 APHA < 200 < 10 10

Radia 7722 Ethylhexyl cocoate liquid < 1 < 10 APHA < 100 < -10 6.0

Radia 7779 Ethylhexyl palmitate liquid < 1 < 1 APHA < 50 < 2 9.0

Radia 7772 Ethylhexyl stearate liquid < 1 < 1 APHA < 50 < 10 10

Radia 7750 Isoamyl laurate liquid C12 > 97 < 1 < 1 APHA < 70 < -15 3.9

Radia 7730 Isopropyl myristate liquid C 14 > 98 < 1 < 1 APHA < 25 -3 < 2 4.2

Radia 7732 Isopropyl palmitate liquid C16 > 92 < 1 < 1 APHA < 30 < 13 6

Radia 7178 Pentaerythrityl tetracaprylate / tetracaprate liquid < 0.5 < 1 APHA < 100 0 30

Radia 7181 Pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate liquid < 1 < 10 Gardner < 8 < -25 190

Radia 7208 Propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate liquid < 0.2 < 0.5 APHA < 100 < -20

Radiamuls 2375 Triheptanoin liquid < 0.3 < 1 Lovibond 5 1/4" 40Y-4R < -30 < -25 11

Radia 7363 Triolein liquid C18:1 77-86 < 2 85-95 Lovibond 5 1/4" < 50 < 2 9.0

Radia 7373 Triisostearin liquid < 2 < 8 Gardner < 6 -15 70,8 The most popular method of achieving moisturization is the use of humectants and emollients. Emollients form a semi-occlusive film on the skin and make the skin feel soft and smooth. They often reduce TEWL (transepidermal water loss) which tends to increase the water content of the stratum corneum. Radia® esters presented in the table below are excellent emollients and solvents. They will confer a light and non-fatty texture to creams and lotions. 17 Partial or total replacement of vegetable or mineral oils by these esters will reduce the per- ceived greasiness and improves the stability of cosmetics formulations. Radia® esters are very compatible and can be used in most type of products requiring emolliency: creams, lotions, bath oils, sun oils, hair conditioners, shaving creams, make-up preparations, …