Planning Commission Staff Report
CITY OF COLTON Development Services Department
TYPE OF ACTION: FINAL
MEETING DATE: April 27, 2021
FILE INDEX NUMBER: HP0-000-093
REQUEST: Major Certificate of Appropriateness to allow demolition of an existing dilapidated non-conforming garage structure approximately 645 square feet in area and driveway on property measuring approximately 20,560.32 square feet in area located in the M-1 (Light Industrial) Zone within the Agua Mansa Historic District.
PROPERTY OWNER: Vance Mape, Representing - PSIP WR Rancho, LLC
APPLICANT: Vance Mape, Representing - PSIP WR Rancho, LLC
ACTIONS: APPLICATION FILED: 04/14/2021 ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATION: Staff analyzed the proposal for California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) compliance and determined that Article 19, Categorical Exemption Section 15301(l - 4) allows for the demolition of accessory structures including garages. PLANNING COMMISSION ACTION: ______DATE:
PROPERTY INFORMATION: 1. Location: 602 Agua Mansa Road APN: 0163-452-07 2. Lot Size(s): 0.472 Acres or 20,560.32 square feet 3. Existing Land Use: Existing Single-Family Home and Garage/storage Accessory Structure 4. General Plan Land Use Designation: Light Industrial 5. Zoning: M-1 (Light Industrial)
6. Surrounding Properties: Existing Land Use General Plan Zoning North Vacant/County Vacant Light Industrial/ County Heavy Ind. M-1 (Light Industrial), Heavy Industrial (County) South Colton Waste Water Plant Public Institutional P/I (Public-Institutional) East Industrial/Children’s Therapy Unit Light Industrial & Public Institutional M-1 (Light Industrial) and Public Institutional West Vacant/Single Family Home Light Industrial M-1, Light Industrial
Planning Commission Staff Report: April 27, 2021 HP0-000-093; 602 Aqua Mansa Road - Page 2 of 7
7. Past Planning Actions: 602 Agua Mansa Road 2-23-2021 Planning Commission Approved (Planning Commission Resolution No. R-07-21) a Modification of CUP (DAP-001-350) and Major Certificate of Appropriateness (HP0-000- 086) to allow overall area expansion of the truck and trailer use along Agua Mansa Road. (File Index No. DAP-001-653)
10-8-2019 Planning Commission approved Third Extension of Time (File Index No. DAP-001-614) for one year for the approved zoning entitlements, Conditional Use Permit and Architectural & Site Plan Review (File Index No. DAP-001-230), establishing a new expiration date of October 4, 2020.
09-30-2019 Director’s Decision approved Minor Modification (DAP-001-610) for: (a) reduction in building square footage; (b) undergrounding of the water detention basin; (c) removal of fuel island; (d) removal of metal canopy; (e) shifting building slightly; (e) flipping office; (f) parking lot modifications, including (i) parking spaces and drive aisles shifted, reduction in automobile parking spaces; (ii) increase in truck-trailer parking spaces; an entitled trucking facility.
09-5-2018 Planning Commission approved Second Extension of Time (File Index No. DAP-001-543) for one year for the approved zoning entitlements, Conditional Use Permit and Architectural & Site Plan Review (File Index No. DAP- 001-230),
08-08-2017 Planning Commission approved First Extension of Time (File Index No. DAP-001-440) for one year for the approved zoning entitlements, Conditional Use Permit and Architectural & Site Plan Review (File Index No. DAP- 001-230),
10-4-2016 City Council upheld (City Council Resolution No. R-91-16) Planning Commission decision on Appeal (File Index No. DAP-001-230) of Planning Commission Decision to Approve Conditional Use Permit and Architectural & Site Plan Review (File Index No. DAP-001-350).
08-9-2016 Planning Commission approved (PC Resolution No. R-28-16) Conditional Use Permit (File Index No. DAP-001-230) for truck and trailer storage use and Architectural & Site Plan Review for a 19,913-sf office building and ancillary uses including fuel station and truck washing facility on a 11.12-acre site zoned M-2, Heavy Industrial and M-1, Light Industrial. A Mitigated Negative Declaration prepared for this project.
07-12-2016 Historic Preservation Commission approved Major Certificate of Appropriateness (File Index No. HP0-000-046) for proposed truck use development on a site, including an existing structure (Peters Adobe), within the Agua Mansa Historic District.
8. Major Building Permits: 602 Agua Mansa Road 3/18/20 Building Permits, B00-036-530 & 531, issued for construction of trash enclosure and perimeter wall.
3/18/20 Building Permit, B00-036-531, was issued for perimeter wall construction.
Planning Commission Staff Report: April 27, 2021 HP0-000-093; 602 Aqua Mansa Road - Page 3 of 7
3/17/20 Landscape Plans Approved, P00-035-966, for new industrial building and truck and trailer storage use.
3/16/20 Building Permit, B00-035-925, issued for construction of 16,000 square foot industrial building.
2/18/20 Grading Permit, PW0-000-176, was issued by Public Works.
9. Code Compliance Review: 602 Agua Mansa Road 2010-2019. Property maintenance violations in the past - overgrown weeds, trash and vacant property unsecured (required to be boarded and secured). No current violations at this site.
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION: The project site was recently approved with a Lot Line Adjustment to create to 20,560.32 square foot lot which includes the Peter’s House and detached garage/storage building. The site is relatively flat. The home is located in the middle northeast side of the project site and the detached garage is located in the middle southwest side of the project site. The detached garage measures approximately 20’ x 21’ in dimension and the storage area measures approximately 15’ x 15’ in dimension. The structure is approximately 12 feet in height at the highest point. The entry to the garage/storage is presently blocked with vegetation located to the south of the structure.
Peter’s Home
Pictures of garage Garage/Storage looking west
Room & Driveway and northwest.
Aerial looking north at structures on site.
Additional pictures of the garage/storage accessory structure are available in Attachments 1 and 3 of this staff report.
Planning Commission Staff Report: April 27, 2021 HP0-000-093; 602 Aqua Mansa Road - Page 4 of 7
BACKGROUND The subject site is located within the Agua Mansa Historic District (see Exhibit B). Section 15.40.100(A)(1) of the Colton Municipal Code states that a Certificate of Appropriateness is required to be approved by the Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) for any new construction or subdivision within an historic district. Further, an approval shall require the Commission to find that the action proposed is consistent with Chapter 15.40 and will not be detrimental to a historic resource or district, or that the action is necessary to correct an unsafe or dangerous condition pursuant to Section 15.40.160(A).
CODE SECTION 15.40.100(A)(1) AND (3):
1. A Certificate of Appropriateness issued by the Commission or the Preservation Officer is required for any exterior alteration to any designated historic resource, for new construction on the site of a designated historic resource, for the moving of a historic resource, and for a lot split or subdivision of a historic resource. A Certificate of Appropriateness shall be required to erect or relocate any sign which is in a designated historic district or associated with a structure in a historic district. New construction on any property located in a historic district shall also require a Certificate of Appropriateness. The Community Development Department shall direct applicants for building permits and sign permits for designated historic resources and districts to apply for a Certificate of Appropriateness from the Commission through the Preservation Officer. No building, alteration, subdivision, demolition, or removal permits for any exterior improvement, sign, building, or structure within a historic resource or district shall be issued while the public hearing for designation or any appeal related thereto is pending except where a Certificate of Appropriateness has been secured.
2. The Preservation Officer Shall Use a "preservation check list" to determine if the proposal is "minor" or "major," and shall use the Design Guidelines to determine if the proposal is compatible with the existing resource and surrounding designated resources, if any. All requests for New Construction, Subdivision, Lot splits, Demolitions, or moving of a Historic Resource shall be considered a major alteration. Applications for a Certificate of Appropriateness for major alterations shall be reviewed and approved by the Commission.
AGUA MANSA HISTORIC DISTRICT In 1999, Ordinance No. 0—2-99 amended the previous Historic Preservation Ordinance to allow for the creation and placement of historic districts on the list of nominated resources. City Council Resolution R-82- 00 was subsequently adopted which adopted the Cultural Resources Preservation Element of the General Plan, which included designation of six designated historic districts, including Agua Mansa as “significant in Colton’s agricultural history and the origin of the town’s Hispanic population.”
Agua Mansa (i.e., "gentle water") is a former settlement, founded by a group of New Mexican settlers, in an unincorporated area of San Bernardino County. Now a ghost town, it once was the largest settlement in San Bernardino County. The town was established in 1845 on the Santa Ana River, across from the town of La Placita, on land given to the settlers by Juan Bandini, owner of the Jurupa Rancho. Agua Mansa and La Placita were the first non-native settlements in the San Bernardino Valley. Together known as "San Salvador", they were also the largest settlements between New Mexico and Los Angeles in the 1840s. The settlements were based upon farming, and raising cattle, horses and sheep. An adobe church, known as San Salvador Church, was built in Agua Mansa and became the center of community social life. In 1854, a cemetery, Agua Mansa Cemetery, was built behind the church and is now designated a California Historical Landmark (No. 121). The marker is located at Agua Mansa Pioneer Cemetery, one half mile to the southwest, the only site that remains of the once flourishing town that spurred the establishment of the Agua Mansa Historic District. Planning Commission Staff Report: April 27, 2021 HP0-000-093; 602 Aqua Mansa Road - Page 5 of 7
Certificate of Appropriateness The Municipal Code requires that before permits may be granted for any new construction on properties within an historic district, the approval of a ‘Certificate of Appropriateness’ application by the Historic Preservation Commission is required (per CMC 15.40.100.A.1- provided below).
CMC 15.40.100.A.1. A Certificate of Appropriateness issued by the Commission or the Preservation Officer is required for .. …. New construction on any property located in a historic district shall also require a Certificate of Appropriateness. ….No building, alteration, subdivision, demolition, or removal permits for any exterior improvement, sign, building, or structure within a historic resource or district shall be issued while the public hearing for designation or any appeal related thereto is pending except where a Certificate of Appropriateness has been secured.
Before approving a Certificate of Appropriateness, the Planning Commission must make certain findings (per CMC 15.40.100.A.6 – provided below).
CMC 15.40.100A.6. …An approval shall require that the Commission to find that the action proposed is consistent with this chapter and will not be detrimental to a historic resource or district, …
ANALYSIS After review of the Historical Resources Report, conducting field reviews, reviewing 1992 Historic Survey and March 12, 2021 SWCA Memo, staff supports the determination of the Preservation Consultation that the existing garage and driveway,post-dating the adobe structure that is part of the Peter’s Home, “post-dates any of the three periods of significance and themes for which the residence along was found to be eligible under the California Environmental Quality Act. Therefore, SWCA recommends that demolishing the garage and driveway will not impact the historical resource (the residence).”
Included in Attachment 1 is the original Cultural Resources Report conducted for the subject site, which is important information related to the site in consideration of the proposed demolition application. Based upon the information contained in the SWCA Memorandum and the Findings for demolition of the garage and driveway may be considered for approval of the requested Major Certificate of Appropriateness:
Findings: Based on this, staff has prepared the following findings for consideration for approval of the application.
1. The Demolition will not have a significant effect on the applicable goals and objectives of Colton's General Plan and on the implementation of this chapter. Based on the preceding investigation and analysis, the property at 602 Agua Mansa Road is not individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), the California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR), or for designation as a Colton Historic Resource. Research did not reveal the garage structure and driveway to have an association with significant events or persons. They do not embody distinctive characteristics of their architectural styles and periods, nor are they likely to yield important information in history or prehistory. The project is consistent with the Historic Preservation chapter of the Municipal Code Planning Commission Staff Report: April 27, 2021 HP0-000-093; 602 Aqua Mansa Road - Page 6 of 7
through SWCA Memorandum dated March 12, 2021 and verified by staff the garage structure and driveway on the property have no historical value, are nonconforming structures, and do not contribute in preserving the Agua Mansa Historical District (not including the Peter’s Home).
2. The structures are not of such unusual design, texture or materials that it could not be reproduced or could be reproduced only with great difficulty and expense. The property at 602 Agua Mansa Road includes a garage structure and driveway that were built about 50 years ago and are unexceptional example of it’s architectural style. Although the property retains a qualified historical resource in the Peter’s Home, none of the garage structure or driveway embody distinctive characteristics of a style, type, period, or method of construction; or represents a notable work of a master designer, builder, or architect whose individual work influenced the broader patterns of development. Therefore, the subject garage structure and driveway are not individually eligible under Criteria C/3 for listing in the NRHP or the CRHR The garage structure and driveway have been determined through the Historical Resources Assessment conducted by SWCA and verified by staff there was no association with significant events or persons. They do not embody distinctive characteristics of their architectural styles and periods, nor are they likely to yield important information in history or prehistory.
3. The Structure is not of such interest or quality that it would reasonably meet Federal or State criteria for Designation as a Historic Resource. The property at 602 Agua Mansa Road does include a strong association with events or patterns that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of national, state, or local history with the primary building on the site – Peter’s Home. The garage and driveway, however, were constructed approximately 50 years ago. The proposed demolition of the garage structure and driveway reviewed by the SWCA Memorandum dated March 12 did not find the proposed garage structure and driveway to meet the criteria for national or state historical resource. Therefore, the subject garage structure and driveway are not individually or collectively eligible under Criteria A/1 for listing in the NRHP or the CRHR.
For the reasons stated above, the proposal is consistent with the Cultural Resources Element Policy 2f: "Ensure future development is compatible with existing structures and distinct characteristics,” and Land Use Element Policy LU- 3.6: "Identify and revitalize areas within the City which, through deterioration of structures, high vacancy rates, vandalism, or health and safety concerns, merit special attention."
ENVIRONMENTAL Staff analyzed the proposal for California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) compliance and determined that Article 19, Categorical Exemption Section 15301(l - 4) allows for the demolition of accessory structures including garages.
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ATTACHMENT 1
SOUTHWEST REGIONAL OPERATIONS CENTER INITIAL STUDY CITY OF COLTON Appendix
Appendix C1 Cultural Resources Report
June 2016 SOUTHWEST REGIONAL OPERATIONS CENTER INITIAL STUDY CITY OF COLTON Appendix
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PlaceWorks Draft Cultural Resources Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operation Center Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Prepared for PlaceWorks
Prepared by SWCA Environmental Consultants
October 2015
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Archaeological and other heritage resources can be damaged or destroyed through uncontrolled public disclosure of information regarding their location. This document contains sensitive information regarding the nature and location of archaeological sites that should not be disclosed to the general public or unauthorized persons.
Information regarding the location, character, or ownership of a cultural resource is exempt from the Freedom of Information Act pursuant to 16 USC 470w-3 (National Historic Preservation Act) and 16 USC Section 470(h) (Archaeological Resources Protections Act).
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Confidential – Not For Public Distribution
DRAFT CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY REPORT FOR THE SOUTHWEST REGIONAL OPERATIONS CENTER PROJECT, COLTON, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
Prepared for
PlaceWorks 3 MacArthur Place, Suite 1100 Santa Ana, California 92707 Contact: Nicole Vermillion
Prepared by
Steven Treffers, M.H.P., and Laura Hoffman, M.A., RPA
SWCA Environmental Consultants 150 South Arroyo Parkway, Second Floor Pasadena, California 91105 (626) 240-0587 www.swca.com Contact: Steven Treffers, Project Manager
U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-Minute Quadrangle: San Bernardino South, California
SWCA Project No.33358 SWCA Cultural Resources Report No. 15-537
October 5, 2015
Keywords: CEQA; cultural resources survey; positive survey results; one historic archaeological site; recommended ineligible; COL-S-01; five built environment resources; Agua Mansa Historic District; 602 Agua Mansa Road/Peters Adobe; recommended eligible; 516 Agua Mansa Road; 604 Agua Mansa Road; 606 Agua Mansa Road; 608 Agua Mansa Road; Colton; San Bernardino County; San Bernardino South quadrangle; Jurupa – Stearns Land Grant; San Bernardino Base and Meridian
C1-3 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose and Scope: PlaceWorks retained SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) to conduct a cultural resources study that included a cultural resources records search and literature review, Native American coordination, a cultural resources survey, and preparation of a cultural resources technical report in support of the proposed Southwest Regional Operations Project (project) in the City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California. The project area is approximately 45 acres (18 hectares) and is comprised of two existing parcels just north of the Santa Ana River. This study was completed in compliance with and in satisfaction of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and Chapter 15.40 of the City of Colton Municipal Code. Public Resources Code (PRC) Section 5024.1, Title 14 California Code of Regulations (CCR) Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines, and PRC Sections 21083.2 and 21084.1 were also used as the basic guidelines for the cultural resources study (Governor’s Office of Planning and Research 1998).
Dates of Investigation: SWCA conducted a California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) records search on July 6, 2015, at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC), located at California State University at Fullerton. On July 1, 2015, SWCA requested a search of the Sacred Lands Files from the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and received a response letter by U.S. mail on August 10, 2015. SWCA initiated coordination with Native American groups on August 24, 2015. SWCA archaeologists and an architectural historian performed an intensive pedestrian survey of the project area on June 25, July 13, and September 2–3, 2015. This report was completed in October 2015.
Summary of Findings: The SCCIC records search identified 17 previously conducted cultural resources studies in the vicinity of the project area, seven of which occurred in the project area. The SCCIC records search identified five previously recorded cultural resources within a 0.8-kilometer (0.5-mile) radius of the project area. One of these, P-36-016417, the Peters Adobe, is located within in the project area. The Peters Adobe is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR), and for local designation in the City of Colton. SWCA’s cultural resources surveys identified one newly discovered historic archaeological site in the project area (COL-S-01), and documented four historic built environment resources (516 Agua Mansa Road, 604 Agua Mansa Road, 606 Agua Mansa Road, and 608 Agua Mansa Road) within the Area of Potential Indirect Impacts.
Investigation Constraints: Ground surface visibility in the project area was very good, averaging approximately 80 percent.
Recommendations: Two cultural resources are located within the project area: newly identified historic archaeological site COL-S-01 and built environment resource 602 Agua Mansa Road (Peters Adobe). Site COL-S-01 does not appear to meet the minimum criteria to be considered eligible for the CRHR under Criteria 1 through 4, and it does not represent a unique archaeological resource. Therefore, SWCA recommends that site COL-S-01 be considered not eligible for listing in the CRHR. Pedestrian survey did not identify any indications that a sub-surface deposit is present within the site; however, in the event that intact buried deposits are identified, these would require evaluation. . Historic built environment resource 602 Agua Mansa Road (Peters Adobe), retains sufficient integrity and is directly associated with the early development of the region and thus appears eligible for listing in the NRHP, the CRHR, and for local designation in the City of Colton under Criteria A/1/1. Furthermore, as an increasingly rare property type that is representative of a type, period, and method of construction, it appears eligible at the federal, state, and local levels under Criteria C/3/4. The subject property also appears to contribute to the Agua Mansa Historic District, which is significant in Colton’s agricultural history. Four additional historical built environment resources (516 Agua Mansa Road, 604 Agua Mansa Road, 606 Agua Mansa Road, and 608
i C1-4 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Agua Mansa Road) were identified within the Area of Potential Indirect Impacts; all four do not appear to eligible for federal, state, or local designation under any applicable criteria and do not appear to be associated with the early agricultural history of Colton and therefore are not recommended as a contributors to the Agua Mansa Historic District. Local Native American groups recommend archaeological and Native American monitoring of ground-disturbing activities.
The following mitigation measures have been developed to ensure that significant impacts to cultural resources are avoided during project implementation: retain a qualified principal investigator to carry out all mitigation measures related to archaeological and historical resources and develop a Cultural Resources Monitoring and Discovery Plan; conduct preconstruction training for workers by a qualified archaeologist; conduct construction monitoring by a qualified archaeologist for all ground-disturbing activities; notify Native American contacts in the event that Native American cultural materials are identified in the project area; stop work within a 60-foot radius if unanticipated cultural deposits or human remains are discovered; and comply with existing regulations. The duration and timing of the monitoring shall be determined by the principal investigator in consultation with the City of Colton. If, in consultation with the City of Colton, the principal investigator determines that full-time monitoring is no longer warranted, he or she may recommend a reduction in the level of monitoring to periodic spot checking or may recommend that monitoring cease entirely.
Disposition of Data: The final cultural resources survey report and any subsequent related reports will be filed with PlaceWorks; the City of Colton; the SCCIC; and SWCA’s Pasadena, California office. All field notes, photographs, and records related to the current study are on file at the SWCA Pasadena office.
ii C1-5 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
CONTENTS
Executive Summary ...... i Introduction ...... 1 Cultural Resources Study Personnel ...... 1 Project Description ...... 1 Project Location ...... 1 Proposed Project Work ...... 4 Regulatory Framework ...... 5 National Register of Historic Places ...... 5 California Environmental Quality Act ...... 6 City of Colton Municipal Code ...... 7 Setting ...... 9 Environmental Setting ...... 9 Cultural Setting ...... 9 Prehistoric Overview ...... 9 Ethnographic Overview ...... 11 Historic Overview ...... 15 Methods ...... 22 Area of Potential Indirect Impacts ...... 23 Background Research ...... 25 Native American Coordination ...... 25 Cultural Resources Survey ...... 27 Results ...... 28 Background Research ...... 28 Previously Conducted Cultural Resource Studies ...... 28 Previously Recorded Cultural Resources ...... 29 Agua Mansa Historic District ...... 30 Cultural Resources Survey ...... 31 Archaeological Resources ...... 1 Built Environment Resources ...... 12 Project Impacts Assessment ...... 19 Archaeological Resources ...... 19 Built Environment/Historic Resources ...... 20 Mitigation Measures ...... 21 Archaeological Resources Mitigation Measures ...... 21 Historic Built Environment Resources...... 22 Level of Significance after Mitigation ...... 23 References Cited ...... 24
iii C1-6 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
FIGURES
Figure 1. Project vicinity map...... 2 Figure 2. Project location map...... 3 Figure 3. Boundaries of Native American Groups during the Ethnographic period...... 12 Figure 4. Area of Potential Indirect Impacts...... 24 Figure 5. Cultural resources survey results map...... 1 Figure 6. Site COL-S-01 sketch map with features labeled...... 2 Figure 7. Site overview, showing graded areas and push piles of vegetation with Feature 1028 in background; view facing southwest...... 3 Figure 8. Feature 1001C, a vertically embedded concrete pipe with cast iron valve; plan view showing valve...... 3 Figure 9. Feature 1008, cinderblock water retention basin; view facing south...... 4 Figure 10. Feature 1034, concrete tank and structure pads; view facing south...... 5 Figure 11. Feature 1034, concrete tank and structure pads; view facing east...... 6 Figure 12. Feature 1028, possible livestock corral; view facing north...... 7 Figure 13. Feature 1030, fence line; view facing north...... 7 Figure 14. Feature 1038, with decommissioned utility poles at right and fenced enclosure (Feature 1043) at left; view facing north...... 8 Figure 15. Feature 1013, paved segment adjacent to gate at back of Peter’s Adobe; view facing north...... 9 Figure 16. Refuse pile of building materials near south edge of site; view facing west...... 10 Figure 17. 602 Agua Mansa; view facing southwest...... 13 Figure 18. 602 Agua Mansa Road; view facing northwest...... 13 Figure 19. 516 Agua Mansa Road; view facing southwest...... 15 Figure 20. 604 Agua Mansa Road; view facing south...... 16 Figure 21. 606 Agua Mansa Road; view facing southeast...... 17 Figure 22. 608 Agua Mansa Road, view to the south...... 18
TABLES
Table 1. Native American Coordination Summary ...... 26 Table 2. Previously Conducted Cultural Resources Studies within 0.8 km (0.5 Mile) of the Project Area ...... 28 Table 3. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources within 0.5 Mile of the Project Area ...... 30 Table 4. Summary of Features within COL-S-01...... 1 Table 5. Diagnostic Artifacts in Refuse Concentrations within Site COL-S-01 ...... 10
APPENDICES
Appendix A. South Central Coastal Information Center Records Search Results Letter Appendix B. Native American Coordination Documentation Appendix C. California Department of Parks and Recreation 523 Series Forms
iv C1-7 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
v C1-8 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
INTRODUCTION PlaceWorks retained SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) on behalf of the project proponent to conduct a cultural resources study that included a cultural resource records search and literature review, Native American coordination, a cultural resources survey, and preparation of a cultural resources technical report in support of the proposed Southwest Regional Operations Project (project) in the City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California. The project area measures approximately 45 acres (18 hectares) and is comprised of two existing parcels just north of the Santa Ana River.
This study was completed in compliance with and in satisfaction of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and Chapter 15.40 of the City of Colton Municipal Code. Public Resources Code (PRC) Section 5024.1, Title 14 California Code of Regulations (CCR) Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines, and PRC Sections 21083.2 and 21084.1 were also used as the basic guidelines for the cultural resources study (Governor’s Office of Planning and Research 1998).
Cultural Resources Study Personnel Cultural Resources Project Manager Steven Treffers, M.H.P., managed the study, conducted the intensive-level built environment survey, and coauthored this report. SWCA Archaeologist Laura Hoffman, M.A., Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA) coauthored this report and prepared the figures. Julia Carvajal, B.A., and Aaron Elzinga, M.A., RPA, conducted the archaeological survey and site recordation. Cultural Resources Principal Investigator Heather Gibson, Ph.D., RPA, reviewed this report for quality assurance and quality control. Technical Editor Peter Von der Porten edited the report. This report includes three appendices: (A) the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) Records Search Results Letter; (B) California Department of Parks and Recreation 523 Series Forms; and (C) Native American Coordination Documentation.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Location The proposed project is located in the City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California, immediately southwest of the intersection of Agua Mansa Road and South Rancho Avenue (Figure 1). The project area is approximately 1 mile (1.6 kilometer [km]) south of Interstate 10 in the Agua Mansa Industrial corridor, which is a mix of industrial development and open space. The project area is in the Jurupa-Stearns Land Grant, San Bernardino Base and Meridian, as shown on the San Bernardino South, California, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute Quadrangle (Error! Reference source not found.).
1 C1-9 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Figure 1. Project vicinity map.
2 C1-10 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Figure 2. Project location map.
3 C1-11 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Proposed Project Work Systems Transport represented by WL Hunt (Project Applicant) maintains an existing trucking facility at 2549 South Willow Avenue in the unincorporated community of Bloomington in San Bernardino County. In order to expand existing operations, the Project Applicant is proposing to transfer operations of the existing Systems Transport California Regional Operations Center in Bloomington to the proposed project site in Colton.
The proposed industrial use is an approximately 11-acre (4.5-hectare) trucking facility, consisting of an office building, fuel island, truck wash and service facility, and parking for cars, trailers, and trucks. The facility would be used by drivers as a rest stop between destinations and would include amenities such as showers, laundry facilities, truck maintenance, kitchen and/or cafeteria, and secure parking. Anticipated hours of operation are from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., seven days per week. Additionally, the proposed project would require construction of a 9-foot wall along the property lines of the two adjacent residences and along the southern lot line of the two homes within the project site. This is required as part of the project to mitigate noise impacts of the trucking facility and would also minimize aesthetic impacts. Construction equipment required for ground clearing, excavation, grading, and building activities would include, but is not limited to, a grader, bulldozer, and dump truck.
Cars and trucks would exit I-10 and travel on designated truck routes on La Cadena Drive and Rancho Avenue with minimal travel on Agua Mansa Road. Site access would be provided at the southeastern corner of the site on Rancho Avenue. The Project Applicant is also considering an easement on City- owned parcel, APN 0163-452-06 (0.12 acres [0.05 hectares]), to extend Fogg Street westerly in order to provide a safer ingress/egress to the project site. Additionally, offsite improvements include dedication for the half-width right-of-way on Agua Mansa Road. Overall, the project site would provide 108 vehicular spaces, 101 trailer spaces, and 52 tractor spaces.
Potable water infrastructure improvements would include trenching and exposing existing lines for connections, trenching and installing new lines, and break-in connections to existing main lines. Some construction would likely occur within the Agua Mansa Road and South Rancho Avenue public rights-of- way in order to make the necessary infrastructure connections. Wastewater infrastructure improvements would include trenching and exposing existing lines for connections, trenching and installing new lines, and break-in connections to existing mainlines. Drainage improvements in accordance with the proposed project would include a stormwater retention/detention basin at the western end of the project site. Site runoff would be routed from catch basins onsite through underground storm drain pipes and out to the existing underground storm drain pipe.
New utility infrastructure for electricity, natural gas, telecommunications, and cable service would be installed underground along Rancho Avenue, except for pad-mounted transformers and other utility boxes required by the utility providers. Undergrounding of dry utilities would take approximately one year; however, site development may proceed at the same time. Southern California Edison (SCE) also has an easement along the southern boundary of the project site with wood or steel power lines. Development in accordance with the proposed project may require relocating an SCE power pole to shift the access road to align with the existing Fog Avenue.
The proposed project would be completed in one phase upon acquisition of permits. Construction is estimated to be completed in approximately seven months, beginning in early June 2016 through January 2017.
4 C1-12 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places was established by the NHPA of 1966 as “an authoritative guide to be used by Federal, State, and local governments, private groups and citizens to identify the Nation’s cultural resources and to indicate what properties should be considered for protection from destruction or impairment” (CFR 36 CFR 60.2). The NRHP recognizes properties that are significant at the national, state, and local levels. To be eligible for listing in the NRHP, a resource must be significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture. Districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects of potential significance must also possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. A property is eligible for the NRHP if it is significant under one or more of the following criteria:
Criterion A: It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history;
Criterion B: It is associated with the lives of persons who are significant in our past;
Criterion C: It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; and/or
Criterion D: It has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Ordinarily cemeteries, birthplaces, or graves of historic figures, properties owned by religious institutions or used for religious purposes, structures that have been moved from their original locations, reconstructed historic buildings, and properties that are primarily commemorative in nature, are not considered eligible for the NRHP, unless they satisfy certain conditions. In general, a resource must be 50 years of age to be considered for the NRHP, unless it satisfies a standard of exceptional importance.
In addition to meeting these criteria, a property must retain historic integrity, which is defined in National Register Bulletin 15 as the “ability of a property to convey its significance” (National Park Service 1990). In order to assess integrity, the National Park Service recognizes seven aspects or qualities that, considered together, define historic integrity. To retain integrity, a property must possess several, if not all, of these seven qualities, which are defined in the following manner in National Register Bulletin 15:
1. Location – the place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic event occurred; 2. Design – the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property; 3. Setting – the physical environment of a historic property; 4. Materials are the physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern or configuration to form a historic property. 5. Workmanship – the physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history or prehistory; 6. Feeling – a property’s expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time; 7. Association – the direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property.
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For the purposes of this study’s indirect impact analysis, the aspects of setting and feeling are most germane for the discussion; areas of particular relevance are highlighted below. The National Park Service defines the quality of setting in the following way:
Setting is the physical environment of a historic property. Whereas location refers to the specific place where a property was built or an event occurred, setting refers to the character of the place in which the property played its historical role. It involves how, not just where, the property is situated and its relationship to surrounding features and open space.
Setting often reflects the basic physical conditions under which a property was built and the functions it was intended to serve. In addition, the way in which a property is positioned in its environment can reflect the designer’s concept of nature and aesthetic preferences.
The physical features that constitute the setting of a historic property can be either natural or manmade, including such elements as: Topographic features (a gorge or the crest of a hill); vegetation; simple manmade features (paths or fences); and relationships between buildings and other features or open space.
These features are their relationships should be examined not only within the exact boundaries of the property, but also between the property and its surroundings. This is particularly important for districts (National Park Service 1990:45).
The National Park Service defines the quality of feeling in the following way:
Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time. It results from the presence of physical features that, taken together, convey the property’s historic character (National Park Service 1990:45) California Environmental Quality Act
CEQA requires a lead agency to determine whether a project may have a significant effect on historical resources (California Code of Regulations [CCR] Section 21084.1). If it can be demonstrated that a project will cause damage to a unique archaeological resource, the lead agency may require reasonable efforts to be made to permit any or all of these resources to be preserved in place or left in an undisturbed state. To the extent that they cannot be left undisturbed, mitigation measures are required (Section 21083.2[a], [b], and [c]).
Section 21083.2(g) defines a unique archaeological resource as an archaeological artifact, object, or site about which it can be clearly demonstrated that without merely adding to the current body of knowledge, there is a high probability that it meets any of the following criteria:
1) Contains information needed to answer important scientific research questions and that there is a demonstrable public interest in that information;
2) Has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest of its type or the best available example of its type; or
3) Is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or person.
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A historical resource is a resource listed in, or determined to be eligible for listing in the CRHR (Section 21084.1); a resource included in a local register of historical resources (CCR Section 15064.5[a][2]); or any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript that a lead agency determines to be historically significant (CCR Section 15064.5[a][3]).
PRC Section 5024.1, CCR Section 15064.5, and PRC Sections 21083.2 and 21084.1 were used as the basic guidelines for this cultural resources study. PRC Section 5024.1 requires an evaluation of historical resources to determine their eligibility for listing in the CRHR. The purpose of the CRHR is to maintain listings of the state’s historical resources and to indicate which properties are to be protected from substantial adverse change. The criteria for listing resources in the CRHR were expressly developed to be in accordance with previously established criteria developed for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), enumerated below.
According to PRC Section 5024.1(c)(1–4), a resource is considered historically significant if it (i) retains “substantial integrity,” and (ii) meets at least one of the following criteria:
1) Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage;
2) Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past;
3) Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of installation, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values; or
4) Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
Impacts to significant cultural resources that affect the characteristics of any resource that qualify it for the NRHP or adversely alter the significance of a resource listed in or eligible for listing in the CRHR are considered a significant effect on the environment. These impacts could result from “physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of an historical resource would be materially impaired” (CEQA Guidelines, Section 15064.5 [b][1], 2000). Material impairment is defined as demolition or alteration “in an adverse manner [of] those characteristics of an historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion in, or eligibility for inclusion in, the California Register” (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5[b][2][A]).
The disposition of burials falls first under the general prohibition on disturbing or removing human remains under California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5. More specifically, remains suspected to be Native American are treated under CEQA at CCR Section 15064.5 and cite language found at PRC Section 5097.98 that illustrates the process to be followed in the event that remains are discovered. Further, if human remains are discovered during the construction of the proposed project, no further disturbance to the site shall occur, and the San Bernardino County Coroner must be notified (PRC 15064.5 and 5097.98). If the Coroner determines the remains to be Native American, the coroner shall notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) within 48 hours. The NAHC shall identify the person or persons it believes to be the most likely descendant (MLD) of the deceased, and the MLD may then make recommendations as to the disposition of the remains.
City of Colton Municipal Code
The City of Colton Municipal Code, Chapter 15.40, Historic Preservation, provides guidelines for the application, enforcement, and public awareness of the city’s historic preservation regulations, as enforced by the city’s planning department. The purpose of the historic preservation ordinance is as follows:
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1) That the State Legislature of California, pursuant to Government Code Sections 37361 and 25373, has recognized the value of identifying, protecting, and preserving places, buildings, structures, and other objects of historical, aesthetic, and cultural importance and has empowered cities to adopt regulations and incentives for the protection, enhancement, perpetuation, and use of such places, buildings, structures, and other objects;
2) That the City possesses many distinctive places, buildings, structures, and neighborhoods, beautiful trees, gardens and streetscapes, public parks, scenic areas, and urban design features (all referred to in this chapter as “resources”) that enhance its value as an attractive and delightful community in which to live and work;
3) That certain of these resources are of cultural, aesthetic or historical significance and value because of age, architectural style, aesthetic appeal, or association with local history;
4) That encouraging the preservation of these resources contributes to the livability and beauty of the community, stimulates economic revitalization, improves property values in the City, fosters architectural creativity, increases neighborhood stability and conservation, fosters public appreciation of and civic pride in the beauty of the City and the accomplishments of its past, reinforces the distinctive character of the community, adds to the community's understanding of its history and connection with the life and values of the past, and ensures that Colton's cultural, historical, and architectural heritage will be imparted to future generations;
5) That shifts in population and in the economy, changes in the way people live, and changes in land use patterns that threaten to destroy these irreplaceable and desirable resources. Construction and alterations of inferior quality and appearance are also a threat to these resources; and
6) That the adoption of reasonable and fair regulations is necessary as a means of recognition, documentation preservation, and maintenance of resources of cultural, aesthetic, or historical significance. Such regulations serve to integrate the preservation of resources and the extraction of relevant data from such resources into public and private land management and development processes, and to identify as early as possible and resolve conflicts between the preservation of cultural resources and alternative land uses. Finally, this chapter is intended to carry out the goals and policies of the Colton General Plan (Section 15.40.020).
Section C of Chapter 15.40.080 of the Municipal Code, Nomination and Designation of Historic Resources and Historic Districts, provides the following criteria for the designation of historic resources or landmarks in the City of Colton:
1) It has significant character, interest, or value as part of the development, heritage, or cultural characteristics of the City, State of California, or the United States;
2) It is the site of a significant historic event;
3) It is strongly identified with a Person or Persons who significantly contributed to the culture, history, or development of the City;
4) It is one of the few remaining examples in the City possessing distinguishing characteristics of an architectural type or specimen;
5) It is a notable work of an architect or master builder whose individual work has significantly influenced the development of the City;
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6) It embodies elements of architectural design, detail, materials, or craftsmanship that represent a significant architectural innovation;
7) It has a unique location or singular physical characteristics representing an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community, or the City;
8) It has unique design or detailing;
9) It is a particularly good example of a period or style;
10) It contributes to the historical or scenic heritage or historical or scenic properties of the City (to include, but not limited to, landscaping, light standards, trees, curbing, and signs); or
11) It is located within a Historic District, being a geographically definable area possessing a concentration of historic or scenic properties which contribute to each other and are unified aesthetically by plan or physical development.
SETTING Environmental Setting The project area is in the Inland Empire region of Southern California approximately 0.4 miles (0.6 km) north of the Santa Ana River. The project area is in a generally flat area, with numerous small mountain ranges to the south, including La Loma Hills and the Box Springs Mountains, and a wide valley to the north with the San Bernardino Mountains beyond. The project vicinity is a mix of industrial development and open space with a few residential structures, and is commonly known as the Agua Mansa Industrial Corridor. Heavily populated urban areas are nearby, including the City of San Bernardino, located immediately north of Colton. The elevation in the project area is approximately 275 meters (m) (900 feet) above mean sea level. The local climate is semi-arid; summers are warm, with average maximum temperatures peaking at 35.7 degrees Celsius (°C) (96.2 Fahrenheit [°F]) in August, and winters are cool but mild, reaching the lowest average minimum temperatures in December at 5.1°C (41.2°F). The average annual precipitation in Colton is 41.7 centimeters (cm) (16.4 inches), with most of the rainfall occurring in the winter months (IDcide 2015).
The Santa Ana River flows from its source in the San Bernardino Mountains southwest past the project area towards the Pacific Ocean. The many industrial developments of the region, including large mining sites and water treatment facilities, have significantly altered the landscape. Vegetation in the vicinity consists primarily of low grasses and domestic landscaping. Cultural Setting Prehistoric Overview
Numerous chronological sequences have been devised to aid in understanding cultural changes within southern California. Building on early studies and focusing on data synthesis, Wallace (1955, 1978) developed a prehistoric chronology for the southern California coastal region that is still widely used today and is applicable to near-coastal and many inland areas. Four horizons are presented in Wallace’s prehistoric sequence: Early Man, Milling Stone, Intermediate, and Late Prehistoric. Although Wallace’s (1955) synthesis initially lacked chronological precision due to a paucity of absolute dates (Moratto 1984:159), thousands of radiocarbon dates obtained by southern California researchers over the last three decades have improved this situation (Byrd and Raab 2007:217). The summary of prehistoric
9 C1-17 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California chronological sequences for southern California coastal and near-coastal areas presented below is a composite of information in Wallace (1955) and Warren (1968), as well as more recent studies, including Koerper and Drover (1983).
When Wallace defined the Early Man Horizon in the mid-1950s, there was little evidence of human presence on the southern California coast before 6000 B.C. Archaeological work in the intervening years has identified numerous pre-8000 B.C. sites, both on the mainland coast and the Channel Islands. The earliest accepted dates for occupation are from two of the northern Channel Islands, located off the coast of Santa Barbara. On San Miguel Island, Daisy Cave clearly establishes the presence of people in this area approximately 10,000 years ago (Erlandson 1991:105). On Santa Rosa Island, human remains have been dated from the Arlington Springs site to approximately 13,000 years ago (Johnson et al. 2002).
The Milling Stone Horizon of Wallace (1955, 1978) and Encinitas Tradition of Warren (1968) (6000– 3000 B.C.) are characterized by subsistence strategies centered on collecting plant foods and small animals. Food procurement activities included hunting small and large terrestrial mammals, sea mammals, and birds; collecting shellfish and other shore species; near-shore fishing with barbs or gorges; the processing of yucca and agave; and the extensive use of seed and plant products (Kowta 1969). The importance of the seed processing is apparent in the dominance of stone grinding implements in contemporary archaeological assemblages, namely, milling stones (metates and slabs) and hand stones (manos and mullers). Milling stones occur in large numbers for the first time during this horizon, and are more numerous still near the end of this horizon. Recent research indicates that Milling Stone Horizon food procurement strategies varied in both time and space, reflecting divergent responses to variable coastal and inland environmental conditions (Byrd and Raab 2007:220).
Following the Milling Stone Horizon, Wallace’s Intermediate Horizon and Warren’s Campbell Tradition in Santa Barbara, Ventura, and parts of Los Angeles Counties date from ca. 3000 B.C. to A.D. 500 and are characterized by a shift toward a hunting and maritime subsistence strategy, along with a wider use of plant foods. During the Intermediate Horizon and Campbell Tradition, there was a pronounced trend toward greater adaptation to regional or local resources. For example, an increasing variety and abundance of fish, land mammal, and sea mammal remains are found in sites along the California coast during this time. Projectile points include large side-notched, stemmed, and lanceolate or leaf-shaped forms. Mortars and pestles became more common during this time, gradually replacing manos and metates as the dominant milling equipment. This shift appears to correlate with the diversification in subsistence resources. Many archaeologists believe this change in milling stones signals a shift away from the processing and consuming of hard seed resources to the increasing importance of the acorn (e.g., Glassow et al. 1988).
In Wallace’s Late Prehistoric Horizon (Wallace 1955, 1978), which lasted from the end of the Intermediate (ca. A.D. 500) until European contact, there was an increase in the use of plant food resources in addition to an increase in land and sea mammal hunting. There was a concomitant increase in the diversity and complexity of material culture during the Late Prehistoric, demonstrated by more classes of artifacts. The recovery of a greater number of small, finely chipped projectile points, usually stemless with convex or concave bases, suggests an increased use of the bow and arrow rather than the atlatl (spear thrower) and dart for hunting. Other items include steatite cooking vessels and containers, the increased presence of smaller bone and shell circular fishhooks, perforated stones, arrow shaft straighteners made of steatite, a variety of bone tools, and personal ornaments made from shell, bone, and stone. Mortuary customs are elaborate and include cremation and interment with abundant grave goods (Warren and True 1984). During this horizon, there is said to be an increase in population size accompanied by the advent of larger, more permanent villages (Wallace 1955:223). Large populations and, in places, high population densities are characteristic, with some coastal and near-coastal settlements containing as many as 1,500
10 C1-18 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California people. Many of the larger settlements were permanent villages in which people resided year-round. The populations of these villages may have also increased seasonally.
Ethnographic Overview
The project area is located within an ethnographic transition zone between three Native American groups: the Gabrielino/Tongva, Serrano, and Cahuilla (Figure 3). All three groups are speakers of Takic languages, which are part of the Uto-Aztecan linguistic stock. Since the project area occupies a transitional zone among Gabrielino/Tongva, Serrano, and Cahuilla, it is necessary to consider all three groups to fully understand the occupation history of the project area.
The ethnographic boundaries among the three groups shifted during the historic period, and probably also fluctuated prior to contact. The Gabrielino dominated the San Bernardino Valley during the late eighteenth century, but were succeeded by the Serrano in the early decades of the 1800s (McCawley 1996:49). This movement, together with the similarity of the groups’ languages, has led to some uncertainties with regards to local place names. A Native American community called Homhoa (or Homoa) was located to the east of the project area. A local resident in the 1880s placed it southeast of Colton between the south bank of the Santa Ana River and the base of the foothills (McCawley 1996:50). Although Kroeber (1925:895) identifies the term as a Serrano place name, McCawley (1996:50) indicates that it may be based on an earlier Gabrielino name. Jurupa (Hurumpa), a native place name for the hills west of Riverside, is another Serrano word with possible Gabrielino origins. The Mexican land grant that includes the project area drew its name from the Jurupa Hills (McCawley 1996:49).
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Figure 3. Boundaries of Native American Groups during the Ethnographic period.
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GABRIELINO/TONGVA
The name “Gabrielino” denotes those people who were administered by the Spanish from the San Gabriel Mission, which included people from the Gabrielino area proper as well as other social groups (Bean and Smith 1978:538; Kroeber 1925:Plate 57). Therefore, in the post-Contact period, the name does not necessarily identify a specific ethnic or tribal group. The names by which Native Americans in southern California identified themselves have, for the most part, been lost. Many contemporary Gabrielino identify themselves as descendants of the indigenous people living across the plains of the Los Angeles Basin and refer to themselves as the Tongva (King 1994:12). This term is used in the remainder of this section to refer to the pre-Contact inhabitants of the Los Angeles Basin and their descendants.
The Tongva language, as well as that of the neighboring Luiseño/Juaneño, Tatataviam/Alliklik, and Serrano, belongs to the Takic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, which can be traced to the Great Basin area (Mithun 2001:539, 543–544). The Tongva language consisted of two main dialects, Eastern and Western; the Western included much of the coast and the Channel Island population. Lands of the Western group encompassed much of the western Los Angeles Basin and San Fernando Valley, northward along the coast to the Palos Verdes Peninsula (McCawley 1996:47).
The Tongva established large, permanent villages in the fertile lowlands along rivers and streams, and in sheltered areas along the coast, stretching from the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. A total tribal population has been estimated of at least 5,000 (Bean and Smith 1978:540), but recent ethnohistoric work suggests a number approaching 10,000 seems more likely (O’Neil 2002). At least one Tongva village was located near Glendora: Ashuukshanga (also Azucsagna), located near the mouth of the San Gabriel River in present-day Azusa (McCawley 1996:44). A second village, Momwahomomutngna may have also been located in the vicinity (personal communication, Andrew Salas 2015).
The Tongva subsistence economy was centered on gathering and hunting. The surrounding environment was rich and varied, and the tribe exploited mountains, foothills, valleys, and deserts as well as riparian, estuarine, and open and rocky coastal eco-niches. Like most native Californians, acorns were the staple food (an established industry by the time of the early Intermediate Horizon). Acorns were supplemented by the roots, leaves, seeds, and fruits of a variety of flora (e.g., islay, cactus, yucca, sages, and agave). Fresh- and saltwater fish, shellfish, birds, reptiles, and insects, as well as large and small mammals, were also consumed (Bean and Smith 1978:546; Kroeber 1925:631–632; McCawley 1996:119–123, 128–131).
The Tongva participated in an extensive exchange network, trading coastal goods for inland resources. They exported Santa Catalina Island steatite products, roots, seal and otter skins, fish and shellfish, red ochre, and lead ore to neighboring tribes, as well as to people as far away as the Colorado River. In exchange, they received ceramic goods, deerskin shirts, obsidian, acorns, and other items. This burgeoning trade was facilitated by the use of craft specialists, a standard medium of exchange (Olivella bead currency), and the regular destruction of valuables in ceremonies, which maintained a high demand for these goods (McCawley 1996:112–115).
SERRANO (VANYUME)
The Serrano occupied an area in and around the San Bernardino Mountains between approximately 450 and 3,350 meters (1,500–11,000 feet) above mean sea level (amsl). Their territory extended west into the Cajon Pass, east as far as Twentynine Palms, north past Victorville, and south to the Yucaipa Valley. Year-round habitation tended to be located out on the desert floor, at the base of the mountains, and up into the foothills, with all habitation areas requiring year-round water sources (Kroeber 1908; Bean and Smith 1978).
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Most Serrano lived in small villages located near water sources (Bean and Smith 1978:571). Many of the villages had a ceremonial house, used both as a religious center and the residence of the lineage leaders. A village was usually composed of at least two lineages, referred to as a lineage set. In each village, one lineage tended to be more dominant than the other lineage. Lineage sets shared the responsibility of conducting religious ceremonies together through the one lineage’s religious leader and his assistant; the assistant was the religious leader of the other lineage of the set. The Serrano were loosely organized along patrilineal lines and associated themselves with one of two exogamous moieties or “clans”—the Wahiyam (coyote) or the Tukum (wildcat) moiety.
The subsistence economy of the Serrano was one of hunting and collecting plant goods, supplemented with occasional fishing (Bean and Smith 1978:571). Large and small animals were hunted, including mountain sheep, deer, antelope, rabbits, small rodents, and various birds, particularly quail. Plant staples consisted of seeds; acorn nuts of the black oak; piñon nuts; bulbs and tubers; and shoots, blooms, and roots of various plants, including yucca, berries, barrel cacti, and mesquite. Fire was used as a management tool to increase yields of specific plants, particularly chía.
Serrano territory was a trade nexus between inland tribes and coastal tribes. Trade and exchange was an important aspect of the Serrano economy. Those living in the lower-elevation, desert floor villages traded foodstuffs with people living in the foothill villages who had access to a different variety of edible resources. In addition to intervillage trade, ritualized communal food procurement events, such as rabbit and deer hunts and piñon, acorn, and mesquite nut-gathering events, integrated the economy and helped distribute resources that were available in different ecozones. Ethnohistory also suggests that the Serrano played a role in the trade of horses from the southwest to the California coast (Bean and Vane 2002).
CAHUILLA
Evidence suggests the Cahuilla migrated to southern California about 2,000 to 3,000 years ago, most likely from the southern Sierra Nevada ranges of east-central California with other related socio-linguistic (Takic speaking) groups (Moratto 1984:559). The Cahuilla settled in a territory that extended west to east from the present-day city of Riverside to the central portion of the Salton Sea in the Colorado Desert, and south to north from the San Jacinto Valley to the San Bernardino Mountains (Figure 3). Though 60 percent of Cahuilla territory was in the Lower Sonoran Desert environment, 75 percent of their diet came from plant resources acquired in Upper Sonoran and Transition environmental zones (Bean 1978:576).
Cahuilla socio-political organization included three primary levels (Bean 1978:580). The highest level was the cultural nationality, encompassing everyone speaking a common language. Next were two patrimoieties called the Wildcats (tuktum) and the Coyotes (‘istam); every clan of the Cahuilla belonged to one or the other. The third basic level of socio-political organization was the many political-ritual- corporate units called sibs, or patrilineal clans (Bean 1978:580). Lineages within a clan cooperated in many ways, including defense, communal subsistence activities, and religious ceremonies. Each lineage maintained ownership rights to various resource collecting locations, “including food collecting, hunting, and other areas. The Cahuilla lived in a productive environment well suited to a sophisticated hunting and gathering economy. Studies suggest that aboriginal people in southern California improved the structure and productivity of the environment through controlled burning, selective harvesting and pruning, replanting, seed re-broadcast, and possibly limited irrigation (Bean and Lawton 1993). Limited agricultural practices for growing beans, squash, and corn had been adopted by the Cahuilla prior to Euro- American contact. Bean (1978:578) suggests that their “proto-agricultural techniques and a marginal agriculture” were adopted from the Colorado River groups to the east.
Asistencias were established near Cahuilla territory at San Bernardino and San Jacinto by 1819. Interaction with Europeans was less intense in the Cahuilla region than for coastal groups because the
14 C1-22 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California topography and paucity of water rendered the inland area inhabited by the Cahuilla unattractive to colonists. By the 1820s, however, the Pass Cahuilla experienced consistent contact with the ranchos of Mission San Gabriel, whereas the Mountain Cahuilla frequently received employment from private rancheros and were recruited to Mission San Luis Rey.
Mexican ranchos were located near Cahuilla territory along the upper Santa Ana and San Jacinto rivers by the 1830s, providing the opportunity for the Cahuilla to earn money ranching and to learn new agricultural techniques. The expansion of immigrants into the region introduced the Cahuilla to European diseases. The single worst recorded event was a smallpox epidemic in 1862–1863. By 1891, only 1,160 Cahuilla remained within what was left of their territory, down from an aboriginal population estimated at 6,000 to 10,000 (Bean 1978:583–584). By 1974, approximately 900 people claimed Cahuilla descent; most resided on reservations.
Between 1875 and 1891, the United States established 10 reservations for the Cahuilla within their territory: Agua Caliente, Augustine, Cabazon, Cahuilla, Los Coyotes, Morongo, Ramona, Santa Rosa, Soboba, and Torres-Martinez (Bean 1978:585). Four of these reservations are shared with other Native American groups, including the Chemehuevi, Cupeño, and Serrano. The Cahuilla on the Morongo Reservation established the Malki Museum in 1965, which today is a respected repository for artifacts and ethnographic knowledge. The museum publishes books on Native American lifeways as well as the Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology.
Historic Overview
Post-Contact history for the state of California is generally divided into three specific periods: the Spanish Period (1769–1822), Mexican Period (1822–1848), and American Period (1848–present). Although Spanish, Russian, and British explorers visited the area for brief periods between 1529 and 1769, the Spanish Period in California begins with the establishment in 1769 of a settlement at San Diego and the founding of Mission San Diego de Alcalá, the first of 21 missions constructed between 1769 and 1823. Independence from Spain in 1821 marks the beginning of the Mexican Period, and the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, ending the Mexican-American War, signals the beginning of the American Period when California became a territory of the United States.
The first part of the following overview provides a brief history of post-Contact California up to the American Period. After this general overview, a more detailed consideration of the regional history of San Bernardino County since 1848 is presented.
SPANISH PERIOD (1769–1822)
Spanish explorers made sailing expeditions along the coast of southern California between the mid-1500s and mid-1700s. In search of the legendary Northwest Passage, Juan Rodríquez Cabríllo stopped in 1542 at present-day San Diego Bay. With his crew, Cabríllo explored the shorelines of present Catalina Island as well as San Pedro and Santa Monica Bays. Much of the present California and Oregon coastline was mapped and recorded in the next half-century by Spanish naval officer Sebastián Vizcaíno. Vizcaíno’s crew also landed on Santa Catalina Island and at San Pedro and Santa Monica Bays, giving each location its long-standing name. The Spanish crown laid claim to California based on the surveys conducted by Cabríllo and Vizcaíno (Bancroft 1886:96–99; Gumprecht 1999:35).
More than 200 years passed before Spain began the colonization and inland exploration of Alta California. The 1769 overland expedition by Captain Gaspar de Portolá marks the beginning of California’s Historic period, occurring just after the King of Spain installed the Franciscan Order to direct religious and colonization matters in assigned territories of the Americas. With a band of 64 soldiers,
15 C1-23 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California missionaries, Baja (lower) California Native Americans, and Mexican civilians, Portolá established the Presidio of San Diego, a fortified military outpost, as the first Spanish settlement in Alta California. In July of 1769, while Portolá was exploring southern California, Franciscan Fr. Junípero Serra founded Mission San Diego de Alcalá at Presidio Hill, the first of the 21 missions that would be established in Alta California by the Spanish and the Franciscan Order between 1769 and 1823.
History records the Spaniard Pedro Fages as the first European to pass through the San Bernardino Valley in 1772. Looking for deserters from the military post in San Diego, Fages crossed into the San Bernardino Valley from the southeast, crossing the Santa Ana River at what is now called the Pedley or Riverside Narrows, then heading north through the Cajon Pass and into the Mojave Desert (Hampson et al. 1988). In 1774, the expedition of Juan Bautista de Anza also entered the San Bernardino Valley through the Riverside Narrows. His expedition opened an overland travel route from Sonora in the Mexican interior to Monterey in California. Following his first expedition, Anza returned to the region in 1775 leading a group of settlers recruited mainly from Sinaloa to found a mission and presidio in San Francisco (Brown and Boyd 1922; Rawls and Bean 2003). It would be another 30 years before the Spaniards returned to the region.
The string of 21 California missions paralleled the coastline between San Diego and Sonoma. Near- coastal locations were preferred by the Spaniards for colonization since they were easier to defend and supply from ships, and were also bordered by populous Native American villages with potential converts. All of the missions contained churches, workshops, storehouses, soldiers’ barracks, and quarters for Native American neophytes. These new converts were used as labor, establishing and nurturing the mission orchards, gardens, vineyards, and pastures. At the missions, the padres exercised strict control over the Native American neophytes, and oversaw all economic activities of Spanish California, particularly directing agricultural activities, including slaughter of cattle, pigs, and sheep, and nearly all related commercial activity (Dallas 1955:3–4).
As the chain of missions prospered, their livestock holdings increased and became vulnerable to theft. The Spaniards responded by planning inland missions that could provide additional security and establish a presence beyond the coast. By 1806, a formal expedition to find potential locations was mounted to the San Bernardino Valley and on May 10, 1810, Fr. Francisco Dumetz established a religious site or capilla at a Cahuilla ranchería called Guachama (Beattie and Beattie 1939:5). The valley received its name from this site, which Fr. Dumetz dedicated to San Bernardino de Siena in honor of the saint’s feast day, traditionally celebrated on May 10 (Federal Writers’ Project 1939). From this, the valley, the mountains, and eventually the city and county were named. Mission lands extended from the San Bernardino Valley to the Cajon Pass, and the San Gorgonio pass. These lands were primarily used for grazing cattle and sheep that belonged to the mission (Hampson et al. 1988). The Guachama ranchería was located in the Bryn Mawr area, southwest of Redlands, and is now listed as California State Historical Landmark No. 95.
Efforts to colonize and evangelize were continued by the Mission San Luis Rey, which had developed an estancia (rancho) at Pala into an asistencia (sub-mission with a chapel but without a resident priest) by 1816, and by the Mission San Diego de Alcalá which had established an estancia, then-to-become asistencia at Santa Ysabel, near the Native American village of Elcuanan by 1818. Mission San Gabriel Arcángel had initiated an estancia at Puente at least by 1816 and further expanded its scope of operations by establishing the San Bernardino estancia at a site located 1.5 miles east of Guachama in 1819 (Smith et al. 1969:23). Other estancias in San Bernardino County soon followed at Agua Caliente, and at the rancherías of Jumuba and Yucaipa (Beattie and Beattie 1939:12). The estancia at Guachama was intended to serve several purposes, one of which was to develop farming and teach the Cahuilla Indians about European agricultural methods. To that end, a zanja, or irrigation ditch (now California State Historical Landmark No. 43) was constructed in 1820 that originated several miles to the east of the
16 C1-24 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California estancia. According to Beattie, as many as a thousand Native Americans were involved in learning how to cultivate crops by the spring of that year. By 1821, mail was being carried between Sonora and California on the Cocomaricopa Trail, which passed through the San Bernardino Valley.
MEXICAN PERIOD (1822–1848)
A major emphasis during the Spanish Period in California was the construction of missions and associated presidios to integrate the Native American population into Christianity and communal enterprise. Incentives were also provided to bring settlers to pueblos or towns, but just three pueblos were established during the Spanish Period, only two of which were successful and remain as California cities (San José and Los Angeles). Several factors kept growth within Alta California to a minimum, including the threat of foreign invasion, political dissatisfaction, and unrest among the indigenous population. After more than a decade of intermittent rebellion and warfare, New Spain (Mexico and the California territory) won independence from Spain in 1821. In 1822, the Mexican legislative body in California ended isolationist policies designed to protect the Spanish monopoly on trade, and decreed California ports open to foreign merchants (Dallas 1955:14).
Extensive land grants were established in the interior during the Mexican Period, in part to increase the population inland from the more settled coastal areas where the Spanish had first concentrated their colonization efforts. At the same time, the influence of the California missions waned in the late 1820s through the early 1830s. This decline resulted from a combination of outside events and pressures, including increasing hostility between missionaries and local civilians who demanded mission lands, decimation of the Native American population by introduced diseases, and the influence of private traders in the hide and tallow industry. Letters and documents indicate that the San Bernardino estancia became an asistencia. Although San Bernardino never had a resident priest, it did expand, and several adobe buildings were constructed by the Franciscans between 1830 and 1834 (Smith et al. 1969:23). The site is now listed as California Historical Landmark No. 42. By 1834, however, violence had escalated, and the missionaries found themselves on the defensive. A letter from Father Durán dating from 1837 notes that the asistencia in San Bernardino would likely have progressed to become one of “a chain of missions in the very heart of paganism” had other circumstances not intervened (Beattie and Beattie 1939:32).
Chief among these circumstances was the adoption of the Secularization Act of 1833, by which the Mexican government privatized most of the Franciscans’ landholdings, including their California missions. By 1836, this sweeping process effectively reduced the California missions to parish churches and released their vast properties. Although earlier secularization schemes had called for redistribution of lands to Native American neophytes, who were responsible for construction of the mission empire, the mission lands and livestock holdings were instead redistributed by the Mexican government through several hundred land grants to non– Native American ranchers (Langum 1987:15–18). The Mexican citizens who received the ranchos subsequently released their neophyte “workers” to fend for themselves.
The first land grant in San Bernardino County was made in 1838 to Juan Bandini. This was known as the Jurupa Grant and consisted of 32,000 acres located between Slover Mountain and the Chino Hills. The following year Bandini petitioned for an additional 4,500 acres adjacent to the Chino Hills. This grant was not an extension of the Jurupa Grant but an entirely new grant known as El Rincon. Immediately upon receiving his grant, Bandini began stocking his rancho and built an adobe where he and his family resided (Brown and Boyd 1922; Hampson et al. 1988).
In 1842, a second land grant in San Bernardino County was given to Antonio Maria Lugo of Los Angeles. This grant, known as Rancho San Bernardino, consisted 37,700 acres of land located in the San Bernardino Valley. After receiving his grant, the elder Lugo divided up his land among his three sons Jose del Carmen, Jose Maria, and Vicente and a nephew Diego Sepulveda. Jose del Carmen received
17 C1-25 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California lands that included the ruined asistencia property and Indian settlement at Guachama. Vicente Lugo was allotted land around the settlement of Politana. Jose Maria Lugo was allotted land at Jurumba and Diego Sepulveda was given land in Yucaipa. The San Bernardino Rancho was held by the Lugo family until they sold it to the Mormons in 1851 (Brown and Boyd 1922).
A census conducted in 1844 listed the following persons in the San Bernardino Valley: 52 members of the Lugo and Sepúlveda households, 73 people at Politana, 200 Native American converts at the Guachama ranchería, and unknown numbers of non-Christian Native Americans. Thirty-four other people lived at the ranchos at Jurupa, Rancho Santa Ana del Chino, and El Rincón, all within present-day San Bernardino County (Beattie and Beattie 1939:67–68).
During the supremacy of the ranchos (1834–1848), landowners largely focused on the cattle industry and devoted large tracts to grazing. Cattle hides became a primary southern California export, providing a commodity to trade for goods from the east and other areas in the United States and Mexico. The number of nonnative inhabitants increased during this period because of the influx of explorers, trappers, and ranchers associated with the land grants. The rising California population contributed to the introduction and rise of diseases foreign to the Native American population, who had no associated immunities. Large numbers of native peoples in the Central Valley, for example, died from disease between 1830 and 1833, and disease exterminated whole tribes along the American, Merced, Tuolumne, and Yuba Rivers. The Central Valley was hit by a second epidemic in 1837, which further decimated indigenous Californians (Cook 1955).
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY DURING THE AMERICAN PERIOD (1848–PRESENT)
War in 1846 between Mexico and the United States precipitated the Battle of Chino, a clash between resident Californios and Americans in the San Bernardino area. The Mexican-American War ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, ushering California into its American Period.
California officially became a state with the Compromise of 1850, which also designated Utah and New Mexico (with present-day Arizona) as U.S. Territories (Waugh 2003). Horticulture and livestock, based primarily on cattle as the currency and staple of the rancho system, continued to dominate the southern California economy through 1850s. The Gold Rush commenced in 1848, and with the influx of people seeking gold, cattle were no longer desired mainly for their hides, but also as a source of meat and other goods. During the 1850s cattle boom, rancho vaqueros drove large herds from southern to northern California to feed that region’s burgeoning mining and commercial boom. Cattle were at first driven along major trails or roads such as the Gila Trail or Southern Overland Trail, then were transported by trains where available. The cattle boom ended for southern California as neighbor states and territories drove herds to northern California at reduced prices. Operation of the huge ranchos became increasingly difficult, and droughts severely reduced their productivity (Cleland 2005:102–103).
Members of the Mormon Battalion had been stationed in the San Bernardino area during the Mexican- American War. Reports by soldiers returning home to Utah probably helped bring about the sale of the San Bernardino Rancho to a group of Mormon settlers in 1851 (Beattie and Beattie 1939:79). In 1853, San Bernardino County was established from territory that was part of Los Angeles and San Diego Counties, and the City of San Bernardino was incorporated in 1854. The county measures some 20,094 square miles, making it one of the largest in California. San Bernardino was “second only to Salt Lake City in terms of its Mormon population” by 1857 (Lyman 1996:35). Events that year, however, included an outbreak of organized anti-Mormon sentiment in San Bernardino. A disaffected Mormon squatter named Jerome Benson was at the center of a concerted effort to oust Mormons settlers from the area. Based from his barricaded home, Fort Benson (California State Historical Landmark No. 617), Benson and his associates used legal and illegal means to force the Mormons to leave. Their actions, in tandem with a number of other factors, challenged the community, but the final stroke came in September 1857. The Mountain Meadows
18 C1-26 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Massacre in Utah Territory resulted in the murders of 140 Mormon settlers. Church leader Brigham Young directed Mormons in San Bernardino to return to Utah, and the rancho was sold. Some church members stayed, and others returned, but the nature of the community was irrevocably changed.
The population of San Bernardino County as of 1860 was 5,000, including 3,200 Native Americans. Cattle and other livestock continued to sustain the economy, as did agriculture, primarily consisting of wheat, barley, corn, and hay (Beattie and Beattie 1939:354–355). Gold was found in Holcomb and Bear Valley in the early 1860s, giving rise to boomtowns (most notably, Belleville) and intensive mining efforts. With the disruption of the Civil War, rancho ownerships changed hands often, and patrónes subdivided some larger holdings into smaller parcels. The winters of 1862–1863 and 1863–1864 produced almost no rainfall in southern California. When rain finally came in February 1864, thousands of heads of livestock had perished from hunger or thirst. Devastation brought about by severe droughts and the changing economy ruined many surviving ranchero families and resulted in refocusing grazing activities in southern California on sheep (Beattie and Beattie 1939; Brown 1985; Ingersoll 1904). A smallpox epidemic in San Bernardino in 1862 took a serious toll on the Native American population. In 1867, violence among Native Americans and Euro-Americans led to an organized effort to suppress Native American resistance. By the end of the decade, Native American population in the area had been substantially reduced (Beattie and Beattie 1939:421).
Following the Civil War, overland stage services to and from southern California resumed in 1868 with the Holladay and Wells Fargo operations (Stein 1994). The antebellum national initiative for a southern transcontinental railroad route resumed during the 1870s. The Texas and Pacific (T&P) Railway Company in 1871 received a federal charter and conducted transcontinental surveys to pursue the initiative. In 1873, however, western construction of the T&P stalled in north-central Texas. The resulting delay was critical, allowing San Francisco investors to extend their own Southern Pacific Railroad (SPRR) through Imperial Valley to the Colorado River in 1877, bridging the river at Yuma into present- day Arizona along the T&P survey in 1878 (Yenne 1985).
Irrigation of the San Bernardino Valley began in 1820 with the construction of a zanja, now known as Mill Creek. Early Mormon settlers built a canal to bring water to their settlement from Warm Creek to power a grist mill; the first sawmills in the area were constructed in Mill Creek Canyon in the early 1850s by Mormons (Schuiling 1984:46). The Tenney, Lord and Hale, and Perdue ditches were other early irrigation systems that laid the foundation for the San Bernardino Valley–wide irrigation system (Brown and Boyd 1922:82). Additional canals were built in the 1850s to divert water from the Santa Ana River for irrigation purposes.
The arrival of the SPRR and Atchison Topeka & Santa Fé Railway in the 1870s and 1880s, which had connecting lines throughout southern California, brought economic opportunity and exponentially increased the state’s population. This socioeconomic phenomenon has been widely identified as “the Boom of the ‘Eighties” by historians such as Glenn Dumke. According to Dumke, “In general, coupled with large transfers of land and the platting of several new additions to the city, the boom in San Bernardino reflected itself largely in local railway extensions and in a sharp rise in prices and property values” (Dumke 1944:120). Like other parts of the west, both water and railroads would be keys to future development. Beginning in 1887, Major George H. Bonebrake and F. C. Howes formed the Semi-Tropic Land and Water Company, purchased 28,000 acres and the water rights to Lytle Creek, and laid out the townsites of Rosena (now known as Fontana), Rialto, Bloomington, and San Sevaine (Hansen 2006). Bloomington was established in 20-acre blocks and developed slowly as settlers came first to farm the surrounding land, and later went to work in the concrete industry and in steel plants.
Colton was initially settled in 1873 but did not gain regional influence until the following decade. After being connected by rail to the rest of the country, immigration to southern California became easier and a
19 C1-27 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California rate war between the SPRR and Santa Fe Railroad resulted in low fares. The Santa Fe Railroad line from Los Angeles to San Bernardino was completed in 1887. At this time, Colton became a city. Named after an official of the SPRR, David R. Colton, it was, and is, a major rail hub for the region (Clucas 1974; Hofer 1983). It was at this time that Colton became a major local shipping hub due to the intersection of rail lines in the area. Colton was the only place in the state where two transcontinental railroads came together. As such, it played a vital role in the development of California agriculture and in settling the region (City of Colton 2015).
At the turn of the twentieth century, San Bernardino was establishing itself as a cosmopolitan settlement. The population reached 5,000 in 1891, and the city had 26 miles of paved streets and an opera house (LaFuze 1971). Primary industries at that time were lumber, mining, and tourism; citrus had yet to take hold as the chief source of income for the area. By the turn of the century, the local population included as many as 600 Chinese citizens, many of whom lived in the community’s Chinatown located on 3rd Street east of Arrowhead Avenue (Stoebe 1986:11). By 1910, the citrus and railroad industries dominated the local economy and included growing, packing, and shipping fruit products. Other industries in the San Bernardino area included cattle ranching, sugar beet cultivation, and viticulture and enology (Southern California Panama Expositions Commission 1914). According to the U.S. Census, the population of San Bernardino County had risen to 56,700 by the end of the first decade of the twentieth century. The Santa Fe Railway was a major employer; its expansive shops and freight yards were said to be the largest outside Topeka, Kansas. Multiple generations worked at the yard, affording working- and middle-class lifestyles to more than half the adult population of the community at times. Train cars and equipment were built and locomotives repaired at those shops from the late 1880s until its closing in 1992 (Duke 1995).
Because Colton was a major rail hub, President Harry S. Truman gave a rousing campaign speech in the city on September 24, 1948 (Harry S. Truman Library and Museum 2008). After 1950, industrial and urban development increased in the Colton area, and more and more vineyard and agricultural properties began to be sold. As agricultural property was transformed into industrial property and the Ontario airport expanded, agricultural enterprises in the Colton area decreased. In the 1970s, the Colton area experienced rapid population growth as people working in Los Angeles and Orange Counties sought more affordable housing in suburban areas.
LOCAL HISTORY
Agua Mansa/La Placita/San Salvador
In 1842 and 1843, approximately a dozen families from Abiquiu, New Mexico, relocated to southern California. They were led by Lorenzo Trujillo and several other men of Mexican and Native American descent who had served for several years as guides for trade caravans that traveled the Old Spanish Trail from Santa Fe to Los Angeles. These pioneers represent the first colonizing expedition from northern New Mexico to southern California. The community that they founded was the first post-Mission period settlement, not to mention the first Catholic parish, east of San Gabriel (Harley 1991). Although short- lived, these pioneer communities helped pave the way for the founding of the Inland Empire’s two largest cities: San Bernardino (founded 1851) to the northeast and Riverside (founded 1870) to the southwest, along with Colton to the northeast (founded 1873).
Following a brief stay at Politano on Antonio Lugo’s San Bernardino Rancho, the colonists founded twin settlements on opposite sides of the Santa Ana River within the San Bernardino Valley. Juan Bandini donated half a league (about 2,200 acres) of his Jurupa grant to the settlers in 1843, and they established the new towns of Agua Mansa and La Placita de los Trujillos in 1844 and 1845. The land came to be known as the Bandini Donation. In exchange, the New Mexicans worked as vaqueros and provided security for Bandini’s livestock and holdings (Waitman 1991:41). Agua Mansa, meaning “gentle water”
20 C1-28 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California in Spanish, was located on the north bank of the river, and La Placita de los Trujillos, referring to a plaza that connected the founding Trujillo family’s homes, was on the south bank (Harley 1996:30; Waitman 1991).
These small agricultural communities prospered in the fertile Santa Ana flood plain, growing grapes, tree fruits, and grain; raising sheep, goats, cattle, and horses; and selling surplus in both the San Bernardino and Los Angeles markets. Fruits and vegetables thrived with little irrigation in the productive and low- lying farm land. Agua Mansa and La Placita differed from other Californio settlements in two important ways. In contrast to the quasi-feudal system of contemporary ranchos, Agua Mansans (as they were collectively called) owned their own land and were economically independent. Each family owned a narrow lot that included river frontage, farm fields, and grazing lands. Although they worked as vaqueros and a security force for Don Bandini, each family was able to sustain itself with the fruits of its lands (Harley 1996).
The Catholic residents of Agua Mansa and La Placita built an adobe church in La Placita in 1852, but it collapsed prior to its completion due to its placement on loose sand. The replacement church, named San Salvador and located on high ground in Agua Mansa, served the entire valley from 1853 through 1878. The parish name was sometimes used for the entire community (Harley 1996:24–28). Their cemetery at Agua Mansa remains as the oldest cemetery in the county and is listed as California State Historical Landmark No. 121.
Fifteen days of rain in early 1862 culminated in a devastating flood on January 22, destroying both Agua Mansa and La Placita. Adobe buildings melted and collapsed; trees, crops, and fertile soils washed away; and coarse sand covered what remained. Involving approximately 320,000 cubic feet per second, this was the largest flood event in the recorded history of the Upper Santa Ana River Basin. Only the church, graveyard, and Cornelius Jensen’s home in Agua Mansa survived the deluge; La Placita was entirely destroyed (Sidler 1991). The Los Angeles Star gave the following account:
The flood in the Santa Ana river [sic] was so great as to pour into the town, washing away the houses, leaving the people without shelter. The church, fortunately, withstood the flood, and thither the people flocked. Everything, of provisions and clothing, has been destroyed, and the people are left absolutely in a state of starvation. There are now fully 500 persons in the church, without the means of subsistence, or the ability to procure them. This is the most utter and complete destruction which we have heard of, and appeals strongly to the sympathies of the public. (Cleland 2005:129)
Judge Benjamin Hayes, who viewed the destruction firsthand, wrote:
A dreary desolation presented itself to my eye, familiar buildings overturned or washed away; here only a chimney, there a mere doorpost or a few scattered stakes of a fence, stout and lofty trees torn up, a mass of drifted branches from the mountain canyons, and a universal waste of sand on both banks of the river, where a few months before all was green and beautiful. (Cleland 2005:129)
The residents rebuilt Agua Mansa in place and built a new La Placita on higher ground, on a plateau on the western side of the La Loma Hills. The communities never regained their former prominence, however (Harley 1996:7, 24). With the move to higher and less fertile ground, irrigation became a priority for the communities. The post-flood rebuilding effort included the construction of two simple earthen canals, both of which drew water from the Santa Ana River for irrigation and domestic uses. The Agua Mansa Ditch ran south and west from the river to water its namesake community, whereas the Trujillo Ditch ran due south to water La Placita (Harley 1996:20; Scott 1977:70, 81). Because local residents
21 C1-29 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California referred to the rebuilt La Placita as “Spanish-town” (Harley 1996:15), an alternate name for the Trujillo Ditch was the Spanishtown Flume (Scott 1977:73, 81).
The Riverside Lower Canal was constructed between 1870 and 1877 to bring water from the Santa Ana River to the city of Riverside. It traveled approximately 17.8 miles from the northern tip of the La Loma Hills to its southern terminus at Temescal Canyon in Riverside County. This route crossed lands controlled by the owners of the Trujillo Ditch. After initially refusing to allow its passage, the Trujillo Ditch owners ultimately allowed the Riverside Lower Canal to cross their property on the condition that the new canal would supply their ditch water as well (Scott 1977:74, 81). The Riverside Canal included a flume over a gulley in the La Loma area named the Garcia Flume (Horcasitas-Harley 1993:6). The La Loma Hills section of the canal was largely abandoned around 1887, with diversions from the Santa Ana River made only when the river was very high. After 1912, these diversions ceased altogether (Scott 1977:80).
The establishment of Riverside County in 1893 divided La Placita in two. Along with the creation of new churches and schools to serve the north and south portions of the community, the balance of power among the resident families shifted. Long dominated by the Trujillo family, north La Placita was now led by the large Garcia family. David Santiago Garcia, Sr., who was born in Agua Mansa in 1866, acquired the lands of several settlers who had moved away by the 1890s. Here, he pursued dry farming, raised cattle, and occupied a wood-frame house on North Orange Street at the base of the La Loma Hills. In 1920, Garcia shared this home with his wife, three sons, and three daughters (Department of Commerce 1920).
Anton Pellissier moved into northern La Placita around the same time (Harley 1996:19–20), built a house on the former site of another Garcia family home (Loehr 1993:11), and operated a dairy and winery. Pellissier emigrated from France in 1888 and by 1920 lived with his second wife and two children on North Orange Street. Several French-speaking families rented nearby property (Department of Commerce 1920), probably from Pellissier. The Pellissier family eventually expanded the operation by buying out the entire Garcia farmstead, establishing a large ranch that operated through the 1940s (Harley 1996:19– 20). The extension of North Orange Street that runs through the project area is now called South Old Pellisier Road.
The Santa Ana River experienced another destructive flood in 1938. Although it was about one-third the size of the 1862 flood, the damage to the now densely populated region was far more extensive (Sidler 1991). More than 100 people died, and every bridge over the Santa Ana was destroyed in that event (Riverside County 2008). San Bernardino County created a flood control district the following year, and the Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (RCFC) was organized in 1945 after World War II. Riverside County constructed large earthen levees along the Santa Ana River in 1956 to protect the city of Riverside from further flood damage. This was the first federally funded project in the RCFC (Riverside County 2008). The Highgrove Channel, a concrete-lined flood control channel that runs perpendicular to the Santa Ana River, was completed in 1957 (personal communication, Peggy Brauner, RCFC, 2008).
Many of the historic features of the project area (buildings, fence lines) were visible, albeit in dilapidated condition, as recently as 1996 (Harley 1996). Northern La Placita continued to be used for agriculture through the 1980s.
METHODS The following presents an overview of the multi-phased methodology used to identify cultural resources within the proposed project site and to analyze any potential significant adverse impacts. Records searches were carried out in order to identify previously documented cultural resources. Site inspections
22 C1-30 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California and intensive-level surveys, described in detail below, were also carried out. Additional background and site-specific research were conducted in order to evaluate cultural resources within their historical context. The National Register, California Register, and City of Colton criteria were used. SWCA also requested a search of the Sacred Lands File from the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and coordinated with identified Native American groups and individuals who may have knowledge of cultural resources in the project area
Area of Potential Indirect Impacts
In addition, in the analysis and discussion of significant environmental impacts, “direct and indirect significant effects of the project on the environment shall be clearly identified and described, giving due consideration to both the short-term and long-term effects,” pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.2 (CEQA Guidelines 2013:160). Error! Reference source not found. shows the Area of Potential Indirect Impacts considered for potential indirect adverse impacts to historic resources, which was determined by identifying buildings, structures, and objects in surrounding area that were over 45 years of age and which had potential to be impacted by the proposed project. .
23 C1-31 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Figure 4. Area of Potential Indirect Impacts.
24 C1-32 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Background Research On July 6, 2015, SWCA completed a search of the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) from the SCCIC, located at California State University, Fullerton. The search included any previously recorded cultural resources and investigations within 0.8 km (0.5 mile) of the project area. The CHRIS search also included a review of the NRHP, the CRHR, the California Points of Historical Interest list, the California Historical Landmarks list, the Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility list, the Historic Properties Directory, and the California State Historic Resources Inventory. The letter from the SCCIC summarizing the results of the records search is provided in Appendix A.
In addition, SWCA completed property-specific historical context research in August and September 2015 to identify information that was relevant to the project. Research focused on a variety of primary and secondary materials relating to the history and development of the project area and the properties it contains. Sources consulted included historical maps, aerial photographs, and written histories. The following repositories, publications, and agencies were contacted to identify known historical land uses and the locations of research materials pertinent to the project area:
San Bernardino County Assessor; City of Colton, Planning Department; Water Resources Institute, California State University, San Bernardino; Aerial photographs from HistoricAerials.com (NETR Online 2015); Sanborn Fire Insurance Company Maps (Sanborn maps); USGS Topographic Maps; and U.S. Census Information (Ancestry.com).
Native American Coordination
On July 1, 2015, SWCA requested a search of the Sacred Lands Files from the NAHC. SWCA received a response letter by U.S. mail from the NAHC date August 10, 2015, stating that the results of the Sacred Lands File search indicate that no Native American cultural resources were known in the immediate vicinity of the project area. The NAHC also provided a list of 10 Native American groups and individuals who may have knowledge of cultural resources in the project area. SWCA sent letters to each of the contacts, identifying the project location and requesting input U.S. mail on August 24, 2015. SWCA conducted one follow-up telephone call with each contact on September 23, 2015. As of September 24, 2015, four tribes have responded to SWCA: 1. Morongo Band of Mission Indians: A representative of the Morongo Band of Mission Indians informed SWCA that the project was outside of the Morongo Band of Mission Indians area of interest and recommended coordination with the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians. 2. Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians: Joseph Ontiveros, Director of Cultural Resources of the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians, informed SWCA via email that the area is in proximity to known sites; he further recommended Native American monitoring and that the monitor be associated with the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians Cultural Resource Department. 3. Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians: Andrew Salas, Chairperson of the Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians, informed SWCA via email that the area is highly sensitive for Native American Resources; he further recommended Native American monitoring and that the monitor be associated with the Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians.
25 C1-33 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
4. Serrano Nation of Mission Indians: Goldie Walker, Chairwoman of the Serrano Nation of Mission Indians, noted that the project is on “Indian Land” and requested that she be contacted if Native American resources are identified or encountered during project related activities.
Table 1 summarizes SWCA’s coordination efforts with each Native American contact. Documentation of coordination with Native American groups and individuals is provided in Appendix B.
Table 1. Native American Coordination Summary
Native American Contact Letter Sent Follow-Ups Results
Gabrielino/Tongva Nation U.S. mail on Phone call on Left voice message on 09/23/2015 Mr. Sam Dunlap, Cultural Resources 8/24/2015 09/23/2015 Director P.O. Box 86908 Los Angeles, CA 90086 [email protected] (909) 262-9351
U.S. mail on Phone call on Left voice message on 09/23/2015 Ramona Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians 8/24/2015 09/23/2015 Joseph Hamilton, Chairman Mission Indians P.O. Box 391670 Anza, CA 92539 [email protected] (951) 763-4105
Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of U.S. mail on Phone call on Left voice message on 09/23/2015 Mission Indians 8/24/2015 09/23/2015 Mr. Anthony Morales, Chairperson
P.O. Box 693 San Gabriel, CA 91778 [email protected] (626) 483-3564
U.S. mail on Phone call on Left voice message for Diana Colletti Pechanga Band of Mission Indians 8/24/2015 09/23/2015 (representative) on 09/23/2015 Mark Macarro, Chairperson P.O. Box 1477 Temecula, CA 92593 [email protected] (951) 770-6100
U.S. mail on Phone calls to Spoke with representative on Morongo Band of Mission Indians 8/24/2015 both listed 09/23/2015; was informed that the Robert Martin, Chairperson numbers on project was considered outside of the 12700 Pumarra Road 09/23/2015 Morongo Band area of interest; was Banning, CA 92220 referred to Daniel McCarthy (San (951) 849-8807 Manuel) (951) 755-5200
U.S. mail on N/A Joseph Ontiveros, Director of Cultural Soboba Band of Mission Indians 8/24/2015 Resources of the Soboba Band of Rosemary Morillo, Chairperson Luiseño Indians, informed SWCA via P.O. Box 487 email that the area is in proximity to San Jacinto, CA 92581 known sites; he further recommended [email protected] Native American monitoring and that (951) 654-2765 the monitor be associated with the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians Cultural Resource Department.
26 C1-34 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Table 1. Native American Coordination Summary
Native American Contact Letter Sent Follow-Ups Results
Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians U.S. mail on N/A Mr. Salas informed SWCA via email Mr. Andrew Salas, Chairperson 8/24/2015 that the area is highly sensitive for P.O. Box 393 Native American Resources; he further Covina, CA 91723 recommended Native American [email protected] monitoring and that the monitor be (626) 926-4131 associated with the Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians
U.S. mail on Phone call on Left voice message for Anne Brierpy San Manuel Band of Mission Indians 8/24/2015 09/23/2015 (cultural resource liason) on Lynn Valbuena, Chairwoman 09/23/2015 26569 Community Center Highland, CA 92346 (909) 864-8933
Sent Via U.S. Mail U.S. mail on Phone calls to Left voice message on 09/23/2015; the San Fernando Band of Mission Indians 8/24/2015 both listed 661-753-9833 number is no longer in P.O. Box 221838 numbers on service 3094 Mace Avenue, Apt. B 09/23/2015 Newhall, CA 91322 [email protected] (661) 753-9833 Office (760) 885-0955 Cell
U.S. mail on Phone call on Spoke with Ms. Walker; she noted that Goldie Walker, Chairwoman Sent Via U.S. 8/24/2015 09/23/2015 the project area is on “Indian land” and Mail she wants to be contacted if Native Serrano Nation of Mission Indians American resources are identified or P.O. Box 343 encountered during project related Patton, CA 92369 activities (909) 528-9027 (909) 528-9032
Cultural Resources Survey On June 25, 2015, SWCA Architectural Historian Steven Treffers conducted an intensive-level survey of the built environment, which included an examination of any buildings, structures, and objects in the project area. Historic research was conducted to confirm the dates of construction and any exterior alterations. All information obtained was incorporated and considered during the process of evaluating the property for NRHP, CRHR, and local-level eligibility. To determine if the project would result in any indirect impacts, Mr. Treffers also completed an intensive-level survey of properties immediately adjacent to the project area and area of potential indirect impacts as defined above, and a reconnaissance-level survey of the surrounding area identify potential historic districts or historic landscapes.
SWCA Archaeologist Julia Carvajal conducted an archaeological intensive pedestrian survey of the project area on July 13, 2015; Carvajal and SWCA Archaeologist Aaron Elzinga conducted an additional archaeological pedestrian survey of the project area on September 2 and 3, 2015. The intensive-level survey consisted of systematic surface inspection with transects walked at 15-m (49-foot) intervals or less to ensure that all surface-exposed artifacts, features, and sites in the project area could be identified. SWCA examined the ground surface for the presence of prehistoric artifacts (e.g., flaked stone tools, tool- making debris, stone milling tools), historical artifacts (e.g., metal, glass, ceramics), sediment discoloration that might indicate the presence of a cultural midden, roads and trails, and depressions and other features that might indicate the former presence of structures or buildings (e.g., post holes, foundations).
27 C1-35 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Whenever cultural materials were encountered, SWCA collected all data necessary to complete the appropriate State of California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) 523 series forms (Appendix C). Resources were mapped with a handheld mapping-grade Trimble GeoXT global positioning system (GPS) unit with sub-meter accuracy and differential correction. Field GPS data for sites were post- processed using ArcGIS ArcPad software and projected into Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 11 North, North American Datum 1983. All GPS data were exported into geographic information system (GIS) geodatabases and plotted onto the associated geo-referenced USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle to ensure accuracy and to produce location maps of all resources. In addition to mapping, SWCA documented all resources with overview photographs. No artifacts were collected during the surveys. SWCA assigned temporary field numbers using the prefix “COL” (Colton) and the designation “S” for sites. Each feature and artifact isolate were assigned individual provenience designation (PD) numbers. All field notes, photographs, and records related to the study are on file at the SWCA Pasadena, California, office.
RESULTS Background Research Previously Conducted Cultural Resource Studies
Results of the cultural resources records search indicate that 17 previous cultural resource studies have been conducted within 0.8 km (0.5 mile) of the project area; seven of these were conducted in the project area. Details pertaining to these investigations are presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Previously Conducted Cultural Resources Studies within 0.8 km (0.5 Mile) of the Project Area
SCCIC Report Title of Study Author Year Proximity Number to Project Area
SB-0421 Letter Report: Archaeological-Historical Resources Hearn, Joseph E. 1976 Within Assessment of the Rancho Avenue Storm Drain Project
SB-0508 Archaeological Resources Survey West Coast-Mid- Greenwood, Roberta S. 1977 Within Continent Pipeline Project, Long Beach to Colorado River
SB-0509 Archaeological Resources Survey West Coast-Mid- Greenwood and 1978 Within Continent Pipeline Project, Long Beach to Colorado Associates River: The Agua Mansa Alternative Pipeline Route
SB-1287 Cultural Resources Assessment of the Santa Ana Lerch, Michael K. 1982 Outside (within 0.8 Regional Interceptor, Reaches IV-D and IV-E, San km [0.5 mile]) Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California
SB-1499 Class I Cultural Resource Investigation for the Pacific Foster, John M. and 1985 Outside (within 0.8 Texas Pipeline Project, State of California Roberta S. Greenwood km [0.5 mile])
SB-2472 Cultural Resources assessment Colton Wastewater Hogan, Michael and 1991 Within Treatment Plant City of Colton, San Bernardino County, Bruce Love California
SB-2516 Quality Unsurpased-1891-1991: A Century of California California Portand 1991 Outside (within 0.8 Portland Cement Company Cement Co. km [0.5 mile])
28 C1-36 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Table 2. Previously Conducted Cultural Resources Studies within 0.8 km (0.5 Mile) of the Project Area
SCCIC Report Title of Study Author Year Proximity Number to Project Area
SB-2887 Cultural Resources Investigation, City of Colton, New Schmidt, James J. 1994 Within Substation and Transmission Facilities
SB-3214 Cultural Resources Investigation: CA-SBR-1576, City of Schmidt, James J. 1994 Within Colton, New Substation and Transmission
SB-4365 Final Cultural resources Investigation for the Williams Jones & Stokes 2000 Outside (within 0.8 Communication, Inc. Fiber Optic Cable System km [0.5 mile]) Installation Project Riverside, California to the California/Arizona Border, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Imperial Counties, California
SB-4632 City of Colton Historic Resources Survey Management Sciences 1992 Outside (within 0.8 Applications km [0.5 mile])
SB-5602 Letter Report: Cultural Resources Records Search Bowwer, Wayne and 2007 Outside (within 0.8 Results and Site Visit for Royal Street Communications, Marnie Aislin-Kay km [0.5 mile]) LLC Facility Candidate LA2347A (SCE Colton), near 290 Fogg Street, Colton
SB-5608 Archaeological Survey of a 3,000 foot Section of the Pollock, Katherine H., 2005 Outside (within 0.8 Bloomington-Colton-Colton-Cement 66kV Transmission Virginia Austerman, and km [0.5 mile]) Line to be Rebuilt, San Bernardino County, California Michael Lerch
SB-5934 Letter Report: Results of Cultural Resource Assessment Garcia, Kyle and Marcy 2007 Outside (within 0.8 for the GO-131D Project Evaluation in Colton, California; Rockman km [0.5 mile]) JO: 5317-0468
SB-6331 Cultural Resources Assessment of the Riverside-Corona Cannon, Amanda C. and 2009 Within Feeder Realignment, San Bernardino and Riverside Michael K. Lerch Counties, California
SB-6445 Archaeological Survey Report for the Ethanol Pipeline Glentis, Dionisios and 2009 Outside (within 0.8 and Breakout Tank Project, San Bernardino County, Susan Underbrink km [0.5 mile]) California
SB-7370 Archaeological Assessment Report for BTS Billat, Lorna 2013 Outside (within 0.8 Rock/MLAX04228A Wireless Facility Located at 450 km [0.5 mile]) West Fogg Street, in Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Previously Recorded Cultural Resources
The SCCIC records search results identify five previously recorded cultural resources within 0.8 km (0.5 mile) of the project area; one of these (P-36-016417) is located within the project area and is discussed in greater detail below. The records search also revealed that there are six additional resources within 0.8 km (0.5 mile) that relate to the area’s irrigation development and which are listed by the SCCIC as pending recordation. None of these have been formally recorded and none are located within the project site. Details pertaining to these resources are presented in Table 3.
29 C1-37 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Table 3. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources within 0.5 Mile of the Project Area
Primary Trinomial Resource CRHR/NRHP/ SHL Recorded By Proximity Number Description Eligibility Status and Year to Project Area
P-36- – Historic Road –San California Point of California Department Within 016417 Bernardino-Sonora Road Historical Interest of Parks and Recreation 1973; Baallester, Daniel 2003.
P-36- CA-SBR-21 Rock Shelter, Midden Not evaluated Bierman and Mohr Outside (within 0.8 000021 deposit 1948 km [0.5 mile])
P-36- CA-SBR-87 Artifact scatter including Not evaluated Bierman and Mohr Outside (within 0.8 000087 ceramics, lithics, and 1949 km [0.5 mile]) groundstone P-36- CA-SBR-1575 San Salvador School Adobe Not evaluated Smith, G.A. 1946 Outside (within 0.8 001575 km [0.5 mile])
P-36- CA-SBR- South Colton Historic District Possibly ineligible Castaneda, A. and J. Outside (within 0.8 015223 15223H Pitti 1979 km [0.5 mile])
P1074- – Old Meeks and Daley Ditch Not evaluated Unknown Outside (within 0.8 104H km [0.5 mile])
P1074- – Meeks and Daley Ditch Not evaluated Unknown Outside (within 0.8 105H km [0.5 mile])
P1074- – Warm Creek Not evaluated Unknown Outside (within 0.8 107H km [0.5 mile])
P1074- – Stockman Connection Not evaluated Unknown Outside (within 0.8 108H km [0.5 mile])
P1074- – Parks Connection Not evaluated Unknown Outside (within 0.8 109H km [0.5 mile])
P1074- – San Salvador Ditch Not evaluated Unknown Outside (within 0.8 110HH km [0.5 mile])
P-36-016417
P-36-016417 is the San Bernardino–Sonora Road, which is currently listed as a California Point of Historical Interest. Although the SCCIC records identify a portion of this historical wagon road as running through the project area, the associated documentation confirms that the resource has not been recorded in the project area or within a 0.8 km (0.5 mile) radius. The CHRIS documentation for the resource includes excerpts from unspecified secondary sources, the California DPR of Historical Interest record from 1972, and a DPR form from 2003, which recorded a segment of the road approximately 8.7 km (5.4 miles) to the east of the present project, in Redlands, California.
Agua Mansa Historic District
Additional background research also indicates that the project area is located within the Agua Mansa Historic District, which is identified in the City of Colton Cultural Resources Preservation Element (City
30 C1-38 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California of Colton 2000). The Agua Mansa Historic District is bound by Riverside Avenue to the west, the Santa Ana River to the south, Agua Mansa Road to the north, and La Cadena Drive to the east. According to the Cultural Resources Preservation Element, the district is significant in Colton’s agricultural history and the origins of the town’s Hispanic population. The Cultural Resources Preservation Element indicates that the district was identified during a 1992 historic landmark survey, but coordination with the SCCIC and subsequent research failed to identify any additional documentation about the district. In the absence of this documentation, it is unclear how the district’s boundaries were determined, if contributing resources were identified, and if it was evaluated using the criteria required for listing in the NRHP, CRHR, and/or local designation. A reconnaissance-level survey completed by SWCA Architectural Historian Steven Treffers determined that the district is currently characterized by a number of industrial facilities, as well as some current or former agricultural properties. For the purposes of CEQA and according to CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(a)(3), the Agua Mansa Historic District can be considered to be a historical resource because it has been identified as historically significant by the City of Colton in the adopted Cultural Resources Preservation Element.
Cultural Resources Survey SWCA identified and recorded one historic archaeological site (COL-S-01) and one historic built environment resource (602 Agua Mansa Road) with the project area. In addition, we identified four historic built environment resoruces (516 Agua Mansa Road, 604 Agua Mansa Road, 606 Agua Mansa Road, and 608 Agua Mansa Road) within the Area of Potential Indirect Impacts (Error! Reference source not found.).
31 C1-39 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Figure 5. Cultural resources survey results map.
1 C1-40 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Archaeological Resources
SWCA conducted an intensive-level pedestrian survey of the approximately 11-acre (4.5-hectare) project area. SWCA identified and recorded one historical archaeological site during the survey: COL-S-01. No prehistoric artifacts or sites were observed. The entire project area is very disturbed and appears to have been recently graded and possibly cleared of some vegetation. Some modern trash is present, including bottles, tires, and other debris. This trash likely was deposited by residents or visitors. Ground visibility in the project area is very good, at approximately 80 percent.
SITE COL-S-01
Site COL-S-01 is a historical mid-twentieth century agricultural or ranching site. The site measures approximately 388 × 142 m (1,274 × 654 feet) and comprises five features associated with water distribution and control, seven fence or post features, one retaining wall, one access road, 18 concentrations of secondary historic refuse deposits and a diffuse scatter of building materials (Table4; Figure 6). The refuse deposits consist primarily of fragmented building materials such as brick, concrete, cinder blocks, milled lumber, asphalt, and metal. Some domestic trash is present, including glass and ceramic fragments as well as cans (Figure 7).
Table 4. Summary of Features within COL-S-01
Feature No. Description Type Date
1001 Five concrete pipes (1001 A–E), four with cast iron valves Water control Post-1953 1004 PVC pipe and metal valve Water control Unknown 1008 Cinderblock basin Water control Unknown 1009 Concrete trough Water control Unknown 1013 Access road with paved and unpaved segments Access road Unknown 1016 Concentration of building materials and domestic refuse Refuse concentration Post-1945 1017 Concentration of domestic ceramic fragments Refuse concentration Unknown 1020 Composite wood and metal post Fencing/Post Features Unknown 1030 North–south trending fence composed of repurposed utility Fencing/Post Features Unknown pole segments, wood posts, and repurposed railroad tie 1032 Concentration of building materials and domestic refuse Refuse concentration 1933-1964 1034 One concrete tank, two concrete structure pads, three Water control Unknown wood posts, and two concrete pipes 1036 Concentration of building materials and domestic refuse Refuse concentration Unknown 1038 Decommissioned utility line Fencing/Post Features Unknown 1042 Two standing wood posts and scatter of fencing debris Fencing/Post Features Unknown 1043 Triangular fenced enclosure Fencing/Post Features Unknown 1044 Concentration of building materials and domestic refuse Refuse concentration Unknown 1046 Concentration of building materials and domestic refuse Refuse concentration 1953 1048 Retaining wall Retaining wall Unknown 1051 Hitching post Fencing/Post Features Unknown
1 C1-41 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Figure 6. Site COL-S-01 sketch map with features labeled.
2 C1-42 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Figure 7. Site overview, showing graded areas and push piles of vegetation with Feature 1028 in background; view facing southwest.
Water Control Features
Feature 1001 comprises five concrete pipes (Features 1001 A–E), four of which have cast iron valves (Features 1001 A–D). The features consist of concrete pipes vertically embedded in the ground. The four pipes have 6-inch cast iron valves (1001 A–D) and are embossed with “LUBBOCK/WATERMAN/TEXAS/6/IN/SUNSHINE ALFALFA” (Figure 8). These valves were produced after Waterman Industries opened its Lubbock, Texas facility in 1953, and the company makes similar cast iron valves today (Waterman Industries 2015). Three of the pipes (Features 1001 A–C) are located along the east edge of the site: one (Feature 1001 D) is at the northwest corner of the site, and one (Feature 1001 E) is near the center of the site. No artifacts were observed on the surface in the vicinity of Feature 1001.
Figure 8. Feature 1001C, a vertically embedded concrete pipe with cast iron valve; plan view showing valve.
3 C1-43 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Feature 1004 consists of an 8.5-inch (21.6-cm) diameter PVC pipe of unknown age vertically embedded in the ground with a 19.5-inch-long (50-cm-long) metal L-shaped bar extending out of the top of the pipe. The bar is attached to a valve located at the bottom of the PVC pipe. The feature was likely used to control water flow for agricultural or livestock operations.
Feature 1008 is a water retention basin measuring approximately 4.5 feet (1.4 m) square and 5 feet 3 inches (1.6 m) deep, located at the east end of the site approximately 27.5 feet (8.4 m) east of Feature 1009 (Figure 9). Approximately 22 inches (56 cm) of the basin stands above ground, with the remaining portion below ground. Two large pipes measuring approximately 6 inches in diameter (15.3 cm) connect to the bottom of the basin: one on the north wall and one on the south wall. Two additional small PVC pipes are embedded in the west wall above ground level. Feature 1008 is of unknown age, likely associated with Feature 1001, and was probably used to store and distribute water, either for livestock or for agriculture. No artifacts were observed on the surface in the vicinity of the feature.
Figure 9. Feature 1008, cinderblock water retention basin; view facing south.
Feature 1009 is a board-formed concrete trough of unknown age measuring 12 feet 10 inches × 2 feet 7 inches (3.9 × 0.8 m) located near the southeast corner of the site. The trough was likely used to feed or water livestock. The concrete is somewhat degraded and has been patched in several places. Approximately 10 pieces of milled lumber are stacked along the south wall outside of the trough. A section of concrete pipe is buried adjacent to the north side of the trough, of which approximately 2 feet 9 inches (0.84 m) is exposed; it does not appear that the pipe is connected to the trough.
Feature 1034 includes one concrete tank, two concrete structure pads, three wood posts, and two concrete pipes of unknown age (Figures 10 and 11). These items are located within an area measuring approximately 42 × 33 feet (12.9 × 10 m) near the center of the site. The concrete tank consists of a rectangular base measuring 6 × 4 feet (1.8 × 1.2 m) with a vertical section of concrete 12-inch (30.5-cm) pipe extending out of the top to a height of approximately 10 feet (3 m). A 4-inch (10.2-cm) metal pipe
4 C1-44 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California extrudes from the south wall of the tank, and a 2-inch (5.1-cm) metal pipe extends from the north wall of the tank. The two rectangular structure pads each measure 5 feet 4 inches × 2 feet (1.6 × 0.6 m) and have six metal bolts embedded at each corner and the midpoint of the long side. They are located adjacent to each other approximately 10 feet (3 m) northwest of the tank. The two concrete pipe segments both measure 11 inches in diameter; one is embedded vertically in the ground approximately 10 feet (3 m) north of the tank, while the other is lying on the surface approximately 10 feet (3 m) east of the tank. There are three wood posts located on the east side of the tank, two of which are upright and one that is lying on the ground. No artifacts were observed on the surface in the area of this feature. The function of the feature is unclear, but the concrete pipes indicate that it was likely associated with water control and distribution, perhaps for either livestock or agricultural purposes.
Figure 10. Feature 1034, concrete tank and structure pads; view facing south.
5 C1-45 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Figure 11. Feature 1034, concrete tank and structure pads; view facing east.
Fencing/Post Features
Feature 1020 is a composite post made of one wood post and one metal post that are bolted together at the top with two pieces of milled lumber. The age and function of this feature is unknown.
Feature 1028 is the remains of a fence composed of eight repurposed utility pole segments and three square wood beams located near the center of the site (Figure 12). The fence posts are roughly arranged in a circle measuring approximately 35 × 43.5 feet (10.9 × 13.3 m) and may have been an enclosure for livestock. Remnants of barbed wire, wire nails, and metal hardware are attached to the posts. Six posts remain standing, two have been cut near ground level, and three are lying on the ground. Two of the utility post segments retain their number plates and the date nail remains on one post, indicating that it was originally erected in 1959. It is likely that the utility pole line was in use for some time prior to the decommissioning of the poles, thus the Feature 1028 fence was constructed at least several years later.
6 C1-46 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Figure 12. Feature 1028, possible livestock corral; view facing north.
Feature 1030 is the remains of a north–south trending fence composed of 13 repurposed utility pole segments, two square wood posts, and one repurposed railroad tie (Figure 13). The fence line begins near the center of the site and ends at the north edge of the site boundary, at Agua Mansa Road. Remnants of barbed wire, smooth wire, and wire nails are attached to the posts. The northern segment of the fence line has been incorporated into the modern fence along the property boundary.
Figure 13. Feature 1030, fence line; view facing north.
7 C1-47 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Feature 1038 is a line of decommissioned utility poles measuring 124.5 feet (38 m). The utility pole line consists of four decommissioned utility poles that have been sawn off below the crossbars (Figure 14). Two of the poles retain their number plates, and a date nail is present on one pole, indicating that the pole was originally erected in 1959. The missing segments of the poles were likely reused to construct some of the fences in other areas of the site. The original line is likely to have been longer, but entire poles have been removed and repurposed.
Figure 14. Feature 1038, with decommissioned utility poles at right and fenced enclosure (Feature 1043) at left; view facing north.
Feature 1042 comprises two standing wood posts and a small scatter of fencing debris in an area measuring 49 × 31.5 feet (15 × 9.5 m). The debris pile includes five wood posts and a metal gate frame that were likely connected to the two standing wood posts at one time.
Feature 1043 is the remains of a small, triangular fenced enclosure measuring approximately 5 × 5 × 6 feet (1.5 × 1.5 × 1.8 m) located adjacent to the west side of Feature 1038 (see Figure 13). Wire nails and remnants of barbed wire are attached to the posts. The feature was likely a small enclosure to hold livestock.
Feature 1051 is a wood hitching post located at the southwest corner of the site and measuring 17 feet (5.2 m) long. The feature is constructed of three wood posts and is 5.5 feet (1.7 m) tall; it was likely used to tie up horses or livestock.
Retaining Wall
Feature 1048 is a retaining wall of unknown age constructed of wood beams and large granite cobbles without mortar. Feature 1048 measures approximately 82.5 feet (25.1 m) long and is located at the north edge of the east half of the site. The wall varies in height from approximately 1 to 3 feet (0.3 to 0.9 m). It
8 C1-48 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California is partially obscured by encroaching vegetation as well as sediment and debris, but it is composed of at least 18 large cobbles measuring between 10 and 18 inches (25.4 and 45.7 cm) in diameter and at least three large wooden beams measuring approximately 8 feet (2.4 m) long and 8 inches (20.3 cm) in diameter. This feature is a retaining wall to hold back sediment along the north edge of the site, south of Agua Mansa Road.
Access Road
Feature 1013 is an informal access road comprising several segments measuring a total of approximately 800 feet (244 m) in length and located in the east half of the site. One 58-foot (16-m) segment of the road immediately south of the gate leading to the backyard of the Peter’s Adobe is paved with a thin layer of asphalt that is very degraded (Figure 15). This feature likely was used by the residents of the adobe to access the rear of their property and potentially the adjacent parcel.
Figure 15. Feature 1013, paved segment adjacent to gate at back of Peter’s Adobe; view facing north.
Refuse Concentrations
SWCA identified 18 concentrations of refuse within the project boundary (Figure 16). Most concentrations appear to be secondary deposits that have been mechanically pushed into piles, likely when the site was graded. The concentrations contain over 1,000 pieces of building material, including pieces of broken concrete, cinderblocks, milled lumber, granite cobbles, wood pallets, plywood, bricks, asphalt, window glass, ceramic and PVC pipe, and metal debris. In addition to building material, six of the concentrations contain domestic debris, including glass fragments, ceramic fragments, and cans: Features 1016, 1019, 1032, 1036, 1044, and 1046. Glass artifacts include more than 100 colorless fragments, more than 50 amber fragments, more than 20 white (milk glass) fragments, more than 20 green fragments, four blue fragments, and two solarized amethyst glass fragments. Ceramics include more than 20 white ware fragments, and 10 fragments of cans are also present. Six artifacts identified within the refuse concentrations demonstrate particularly diagnostic attributes and identifiable maker’s marks, and
9 C1-49 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California these indicate that the debris dates to the early and mid-twentieth century. These artifacts are summarized in Table 5. They include a glass canning jar, a milk bottle, a prescription or toiletry bottle, a bleach bottle, and a shoe shine bottle or jar. These artifacts represent a range of household functions and likely represent episodes of dumping by nearby residents.
Figure 16. Refuse pile of building materials near south edge of site; view facing west.
Table 5. Diagnostic Artifacts in Refuse Concentrations within Site COL-S-01
Artifact Location Description Date Reference Range
Aerosol Can Feature 1016 Metal aerosol can Post- Busch 1981 1945 Ball Brothers Glass Feature 1032 Colorless glass canning jar base fragment 1933- Lockhart and Manufacturing embossed with “260-1/8/Bal [script]“ 1960 Hoenig 2015 Company canning jar base Bartons Dyanshine Feature 1032 Colorless bottle base embossed with post-1919 United States Patent bottle or jar base “BARTONS/S/DYANSHINE” Office 1920 Carr-Lowrey Feature 1032 Colorless glass prescription or toiletry bottle 1920- Lockhart and complete glass bottle with threaded finish embossed with “CL/17” present Hoenig 2015 on the base Owens-Illinois bottle Feature 1032 Colorless milk bottle base fragment 1940- Lockhart and base embossed with “VICE ASSN / [RE]G CAL / 1964 Hoenig 2015 Duraglas [script]”
10 C1-50 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Table 5. Diagnostic Artifacts in Refuse Concentrations within Site COL-S-01
Owens-Illinois bottle Feature 1032 Amber bottle base with stippling embossed 1940- Lockhart and base with Owens Illinois maker’s mark (“I” in an 1964 Hoenig 2015; oval)/6/B” and “CLOROX Reg. US Pat Off” The Clorox Company 2015 Owens-Illinois bottle Feature 1046 Colorless bottle base fragment embossed 1953 Lockhart and base with Owens Illinois maker’s mark “(“I” in an Hoenig 2015 oval)/8/53”
The site is very disturbed; most of the ground surface has been mechanically graded and some clearing and grubbing appears to also have occurred recently. Much of the refuse present has been mechanically pushed into piles along with the dead vegetation. Numerous vehicle tracks transect the site, and aerial photographs indicate that informal two-track roads have been regularly created and quickly abandoned throughout the site. Some modern infrastructure is present, including irrigation pipe, fencing along the property line, and a wood H-frame utility pole.
Pedestrian survey did not identify any evidence, such as darkened sediment or partially buried artifacts, which would suggest that subsurface deposits may be present. While there are homes located in the parcels adjacent to the north and west sides of the project area, Site COL-S-01 is located in the fields outside of the fenced yards of the homes, and historical research indicates that no substantial buildings or structures were located in these fields. Thus, it is unlikely that subsurface features such as privies, wells, or trash pits are present.
Site COL-S-01 is located on Assessor’s Parcel Numbers (APNs) 0275-041-36 and 0163-452-07 (See Figure 5). San Bernardino County parcel data indicates that APN 0275-041-36 was purchased by J. A. Johnson in 1905, and remained in the Johnson family through the 1960s. APN 0163-452-07, currently the site of the Peters Adobe (602 Agua Mansa Road), originally included what are now APNs 0163-452-03, 0163-452-02, 0163-452-03, and 0163-452-01; parcels west of the Peters Adobe that contain residential homes at 516 Agua Mansa Road, 604 Agua Mansa Road, 606 Agua Mansa Road, and 608 Agua Mansa Road. APN 0163-452-07 was purchased from the Peters family by Perry J. and Hazel Martin in 1938, after which the new owners began subdividing the northwest portion of the property into the smaller residential parcels that exist today. The homes adjacent to the site boundary located along Agua Mansa Road were all constructed by the mid-1940s and were occupied during the period to which site COL-S-01 dates.
Although it is possible that the residents of the adjacent parcels may be associated with mid-twentieth century agricultural or ranching activities occurring within the COL-S-01 site boundary, there is no definitive evidence of such association. The largest parcel upon which the site is located, APN 0275-041- 36, was not owned by any of the owners of the residential land, and there is no evidence to suggest that the adjacent property owners had access to APN 0275-041-36. In addition, it is possible that the owners of both APN 0275-041-36 and APN 0163-452-07 leased portions of their land to a third party who kept livestock or grew agricultural goods. Furthermore, while it is likely that local residents occasionally used the area to deposit refuse, particularly large and heavy objects such as bricks and cinderblocks, the low number of domestic artifacts present indicate that this area was not the primary location residents used to dump trash.
Although Site COL-S-01 may be associated with nearby residents in the mid-twentieth century— including those of the Peters Adobe—there is no definitive evidence to support this. Furthermore, there are no artifacts or features present dating between 1875 and ca. 1912, the period of significance for the Peters Adobe, and thus there is no indication that the site components are associated with the period of
11 C1-51 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California significance for the property. The research potential of site COL-S-01 has been exhausted by its present recordation, and few meaningful conclusions can be drawn from further study. The site does not appear to meet the minimum criteria to be considered eligible for the CRHR under Criteria 1 through 4, and it does not represent a unique archaeological resource. Therefore, SWCA recommends that site COL-S-01 be considered not eligible for listing in the CRHR. Pedestrian survey did not identify any indications that a sub-surface deposit is present within the site; however, in the event that intact buried deposits are identified, these would require evaluation.
Built Environment Resources
SWCA identified one built environment resource within the project area and four in the immediate vicinity, all of which were recorded and evaluated for historical significance.
BUILDINGS WITHIN THE PROPOSED PROJECT SITE
602 Agua Mansa Road (Peters Adobe)
Located at the southwest corner of Agua Mansa Road and South Rancho Avenue, 602 Agua Mansa Road is a former agricultural property that contains a primary residence and secondary outbuilding, both of which are currently vacant (Figures 17 and 18). Also known as the Peters Adobe,the primary residence is a two-story, single family residence designed in a Minimal Traditional style. Rectangular in plan, the building has an adobe brick structural system covered by wood siding with a one-story, exposed adobe brick extension on the south (rear) elevation. The building is topped with a cross-gable roof and the extension has a more gently-pitched hipped roof, both of which are sheathed in asphalt shingles. A porch on the north elevation features large wood columns and a decorative railing, and the porch sits atop a concrete platform and leads to the central, primary entryway. A smaller secondary porch is located on the east elevation, also with a decorative wood railing. With the exception of a double-hung window on the east elevation, all fenestration is currently boarded over with plywood. A single-story rectangular outbuilding with a gable roof sheathed in asphalt shingles is located immediately to the west of the primary residence. It features a large wood door on the south elevation and an entry way on the east elevation, which has been boarded over with plywood. The building has an extension on the east elevation with a shed roof. Enclosed by an open post-and-rail wood fence, the subject property features a large open space to the south that was historically used for agricultural purposes.
12 C1-52 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Figure 17. 602 Agua Mansa; view facing southwest.
Figure 18. 602 Agua Mansa Road; view facing northwest.
13 C1-53 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
The single-family residence located at 602 Agua Mansa Road is an adobe building sheathed in wood cladding that was constructed circa 1875 by Peter C. Peters (Harley 1998). A native of the North Frisian island of Sylt, Peters arrived in San Francisco in 1861 at the age of 19 before heading to southern California by invitation of his cousin Cornelius Jensen. Jensen was one of the early settlers of Agua Mansa, one of the first settlements east of Mission San Gabriel and within the boundaries of present day Colton (Harley 1991). Agua Mansa was first settled on the north side of the Santa Ana River in 1844– 1845 by emigrants from the New Mexican province of the Mexican Republic. It was an established community with a church and school by the time Peters arrived in 1861. Soon after, however, on January 22, 1862, a devastating flood destroyed Agua Mansa, melting adobe structures and washing away trees, crops, and fertile grounds (Harley 1998). Peters left for San Diego County before returning to the area in the late 1860s to farm and raise livestock. In 1873, he married Refugio Alvarado, who was the daughter of Francisco Alvarado, the majordomo of Rancho San Bernardino.
Peters was already doing well by the time of his marriage, with tax records indicating he owned 700 sheep, 300 lambs, and two Spanish horses (Harley 1998). He purchased an additional 49 acres of land the following year in 1874: a narrow strip of land that extended north from the Santa Ana River and was bounded by Agua Mansa Road to the north and Old Riverside Road (present-day Rancho Avenue) to the east. On this land he developed the subject property using adobe bricks, as was common of early California settlers. His wealth continued to grow in the following decade, with his land holding growing to 420 acres on which he grew fruits, grapes, and alfalfa, and raised nearly 1,500 head of sheep (Harley 1991). As Peters’ wealth grew, so did his prominence in the community, and he was soon tapped to serve on boards for both the San Salvador School and the Agua Mansa Cemetery. Peters owned the subject property until 1912, when he transferred ownership to his son Frank. The elder Peters appears to have lived in the residence until approximately this time and continued to live in other residences in Colton until his death in 1934 (Harley 1998).
Frank Peters owned the property until his own death two years later in 1936, at which time it transferred to his wife Perilia (San Bernardino County Assessor n.d.). The property was sold the following year to Perry J. and Hazel Martin and over the following decade, portions of Peters’ original 49-acre parcel were subdivided and redeveloped for residential and industrial purposes.
The assessment of the historical significance of 602 Agua Mansa Road determined that it is a former agricultural property owned and developed by early Colton settler Peter C. Peters. It contains an 1875 adobe residence, which is an exceedingly rare property type in San Bernardino County and southern California as a whole. As a former agricultural property that was characterized by large expanses of open land, the subdivision of the original parcel and adjacent residential and industrial development have negatively affected the setting and feeling of 602 Agua Mansa Road. The residence is currently vacant and in moderate-to-poor condition, but it is largely unaltered, it is representative of its historical period, and it continues to retain integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship, and association. Because it retains sufficient integrity and is directly associated with the early development of the region, the subject property appears eligible for listing in the NRHP, the CRHR, and for local designation in the City of Colton under Criteria A/1/1. Furthermore, as an increasingly rare property type that is representative of a type, period, and method of construction, it appears eligible at the federal, state, and local levels under Criteria C/3/4. The subject property also appears to contribute to the Agua Mansa Historic District, which is significant in Colton’s agricultural history.
14 C1-54 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
BUILDINGS WITHIN THE AREA OF POTENTIAL INDIRECT IMPACTS
516 Agua Mansa Road
The single-story residence located at 516 Agua Mansa Road is square in plan and capped by a side-gabled roof covered in replacement asphalt shingles and punctuated by a brick chimney (Figure 19). Its wood- framed structural system is sheathed in non-original, rough-textured stucco. Characteristic of its Minimal Traditional style, it is void of architectural details. Windows have largely been replaced with double-hung windows and the primary entrance, located at the center of the primary (north) elevation, is hidden behind a metal security gate. To the south is a small outbuilding constructed of corrugated metal and capped by a gabled roof. The property is surrounded by a chain-link metal fence and surrounded by small citrus trees and other minimal landscaping. Alterations including the application of rough-textured stucco, replacement of windows, and asphalt shingle roofing materials have negatively affected its integrity of materials and workmanship.
Figure 19. 516 Agua Mansa Road; view facing southwest.
The subject property is a Minimal Traditional single-family residence that was constructed ca. 1935 when the parcel on which it sits was subdivided from a larger parcel that extended further to the south and east (NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor n.d.). The original owners and occupants of the property were John M. and Emma Sprinkle, who appear to have lived in the residence until at least 1942 (San Bernardino County Assessor n.d.). Over the following decade, the ownership of the property transferred between Ellis S. and Alline Johnson, George E. and Velva R. Cemmell, and George M. and Myrtle Schliesser (San Bernardino County Assessor n.d.). Archival research failed to indicate that the property is associated with historic events or persons, and it is fairly common example of a
15 C1-55 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Craftsman/Minimal Traditional residence. As such, it does not appear eligible for federal, state, or local designation under any applicable criteria. As a single-family residence that was developed in 1935 on a small subdivision, it does not appear to have been associated with the early agricultural history of Colton and therefore it is not recommended as a contributor to the Agua Mansa Historic District.
604 Agua Mansa Road
604 Agua Mansa Road is a single-story, single-family residence designed in a Craftsman/Minimal Traditional style (Figure 20). The rectangular plan building has a wood structural system and is sheathed in wood clapboard siding. A porch on the west elevation wraps around to the north elevation with large decorative wood columns and a low railing, and the porch leads to the primary entrance on the north elevation, currently located behind a metal security screen. To the east of the entrance is a bay window with double-hung wood windows. To the west of the entrance is a large picture window. The building is topped with a hipped roof clad in asphalt shingles and punctuated by dormers on the north and west elevations. Towards the southeast corner of the property there is a small, wood outbuilding.
Figure 20. 604 Agua Mansa Road; view facing south.
The subject property is a single-family residence designed in a Craftsman/Minimal Traditional architectural style that is characteristic of the early twentieth century. However, historical aerial photographs, topographic maps, and records at the San Bernardino County Assessor’s office indicate that the property was not situated at its current location until ca. 1941, when the parcel was subdivided from the larger adjacent parcel to the east (NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor n.d.; USGS 1943). This information suggests that the residence was moved from another location, although its original address and construction date are not known. Following its possible relocation, the building sat
16 C1-56 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California on land owned by Raymond H. and Pauline V. Wood (San Bernardino County Assessor n.d.). Research was unable to identify any subsequent owners or occupants.
In considering the historical significance of the property, it is an early-twentieth century, single-family residence that appears to have been moved to its current location. National Register criteria limit the consideration of moved properties because significance is embodied in settings as much as the properties themselves (National Park Service 1995). Further archival research failed to indicate that the property is associated with historic events or persons, and it is a fairly common example of a Craftsman/Minimal Traditional residence. As such, it does not appear eligible for federal, state, or local designation under any applicable criteria. As a single-family residence that was developed at its current location circa 1941 on a small subdivision, it does not appear to have been associated with the early agricultural history of Colton and therefore it is not recommended as a contributor to the Agua Mansa Historic District.
606 Agua Mansa Road
A single-story, single-family residence that is rectangular plan, 606 Agua Mansa Road has a wood structural system with a stucco finish (Figure 21). There is an extension on the south (rear) elevation, and the primary entrance is in the center of the north elevation. The entrance is currently located behind a metal security screen. The north (front) elevation features a large picture window with single-hung windows on either side. Rectangular vinyl casement windows are located on either side of the entryway. The building is topped by a hipped roof with asphalt shingles and exposed rafters with a wood fascia board. The extension on the south elevation has a shed roof. A large air conditioning unit is situated on the roof. There is a detached one-story garage at the rear of the building.
Figure 21. 606 Agua Mansa Road; view facing southeast.
17 C1-57 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
606 Agua Mansa Road is a single-family residence designed in a Minimal Traditional style that was constructed between 1951 and 1959 (NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor n.d.). Assessor records indicate that the building is located on a lot that was subdivided from the adjacent parcel to the east in 1946 by Raymond H. and Pauline V. Wood (San Bernardino County Assessor n.d.). Research was unable to identify any subsequent owners or occupants, and failed to indicate that the property is associated with any significant events or persons. Furthermore, the building is a fairly common example of a Minimal Traditional residence. As such, the building does not appear eligible for federal, state, or local designation under any applicable criteria. As a single-family residence that was developed between 1951 and 1959 on a small subdivision, it does not appear to have been associated with the early agricultural history of Colton and therefore it is not recommended as a contributor to the Agua Mansa Historic District.
608 Agua Mansa Road
608 Agua Mansa Road is a single-story, single-family residence that is rectangular in plan and has a stucco finish (Figure 22). In the center of the north elevation is the primary entrance, currently located behind a metal security screen and underneath an entry portico supported by wood columns. Wood double-hung windows are located on either side of the entry. The windows on the east and west elevations appear to primarily be vinyl single-hung windows. The building is topped by a front-gabled roof with asphalt shingles. There is a detached one-story garage with a front-gable roof on the southeast corner of the property.
Figure 22. 608 Agua Mansa Road, view to the south.
18 C1-58 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
608 Agua Mansa Road is a single-family residence designed in a Minimal Traditional style that was constructed circa 1940 on land owned by Altbert W., Edgar R., and Charles W. Johnson, and Inez E. Otto (Ancestry.com 2012; NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor n.d.). Research was unable to identify subsequent owners or occupants, and failed to indicate that the property is associated with any significant events or persons. Furthermore, the building is a fairly common example of a Minimal Traditional residence and as such the building does not appear eligible for federal, state, or local designation under any applicable criteria. As a single-family residence that was developed circa 1940 on a small subdivision, it does not appear to have been associated with the early agricultural history of Colton and therefore it is not recommended as a contributor to the Agua Mansa Historic District.
PROJECT IMPACTS ASSESSMENT CEQA (Section 21084.1) requires that a lead agency determine whether a project may have a significant effect on cultural resources. Impacts to significant cultural resources that affect the characteristics of the resource that qualify it for the NRHP or adversely alter the significance of a resource listed on or eligible for the CRHR are considered a significant effect on the environment.
If it can be demonstrated that a project will cause damage to a unique archaeological resource, the lead agency may require reasonable efforts be made to permit any or all of these resources to be preserved in place or left in an undisturbed state. To the extent that they cannot be left undisturbed, mitigation measures are required (Section 21083.2[a], [b], and [c]).
In terms of historical resources, these impacts could result from “physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of an historical resource would be materially impaired” (CEQA Guidelines, Section 15064.5 [b][1], 2000). Material impairment is defined as demolition or alteration “in an adverse manner [of] those characteristics of an historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion in, or eligibility for inclusion in, the California Register.” (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5[b][2][A]).
The potential for the proposed project to result in impacts associated with cultural resources is based on the CEQA thresholds of significance outlined in Appendix G of the State CEQA Guidelines. They are as follows: Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource as defined in CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5? Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5? Would the project disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries? Does the project site contain known historic structures or sites? Is the project site in or near an area containing known archaeological resources or containing features (drainage course, spring, knoll, rock outcroppings, or oak trees) that indicate potential archaeological sensitivity?
Archaeological Resources
SWCA has evaluated site COL-S-01 and recommended it not eligible for listing in the CRHR, and the site does not represent a unique archaeological resource. No other archaeological resources have been identified in the project area, and thus the project does not have the potential to cause an adverse change
19 C1-59 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California in the significance of a known archaeological resource. However, previously unidentified subsurface archaeological deposits may be present within the project area.
Built Environment/Historic Resources Contained within the proposed project site is one historic building (602 Agua Mansa Road) that was determined eligible for listing in the NRHP, CRHR, and for local designation in the City of Colton, and is therefore considered a historical resource for the purposes of CEQA. Furthermore, the proposed project is located within the Agua Mansa Historic District, which is identified in the City of Colton Cultural Resources Preservation Element and is also considered to be a historical resource. As described in the project description, plans include the development an 11-acre (4.5-hectare) industrial trucking facility with an office building, fuel island, truck wash and service facility, and parking for cars, trailers and trucks. The main office building would be approximately 19,900 square feet (1,850 square meters) and two stories in height, and a 12,000-gallon (45,400-liter) aboveground storage tank. As currently proposed, the former Peters residence at 602 Agua Mansa Road would not be altered and would be remain as-is on the project site.
Currently vacant, the Peters residence is in moderate-to-poor condition and its windows are boarded up with plywood. Construction activities associated with the proposed project would include the development of buildings and infrastructure, all of which have the potential to result in ground vibrations. The current structural condition of the adobe residence is unknown and ground vibrations that would result as part of the proposed project would potentially cause damage to the building. Additionally, the project currently does not propose any intervention for the building. Should the building be retained as is, it will inevitably fall into a state of disrepair. As an adobe building that is approximately 140 years old, it is particularly susceptible to damage from natural causes and if left unmaintained, it would potentially deteriorate beyond the point of repair. These impacts would result in the material impairment of the building and would result in a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource.
As discussed above, the setting of the residence has been negatively affected by the development of adjacent residential and industrial properties; however, the proposed project would further alter the immediate surroundings of 602 Agua Mansa Road. The residence is partially significant for its direct association with the agricultural development of Colton, and the open landscape to the south was historically associated with the building and is a characteristic that helps to convey its historical significance. The development of a trucking facility immediately to the south of the property will result in a direct impact to the setting of the residence and will result in the separation of a portion of land that was directly associated with it. However, the building is also significant as a rare example of an adobe residence in southern California. The project would result in the alteration of the characteristics of the property but would not materially impair it such that it would no longer be able to convey its historical significance.
The residence also contributes to the Agua Mansa Historic District, which is significant for its association with Colton’s agricultural history. Should the residence be allowed to fall into disrepair such that it is materially impaired, it would negatively affect the district. Additionally, the development of an industrial trucking facility would alter the agricultural characteristics of the district that contribute to its historical significance. However, the loss of the residence and an 11-acre portion of a much larger district would not greatly alter the overall characteristics of the Agua Mansa Historic District, which would still remain a historical resource.
20 C1-60 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
MITIGATION MEASURES Archaeological Resources Mitigation Measures
SWCA has recommended historical archaeological site COL-S-01 ineligible for listing on the CRHR because it does not represent a unique archaeological resource. However, in the event that intact buried deposits are identified, these may contain data that would change the significance recommendation of the site and thus would require evaluation. In addition, coordination with Native American groups indicates that there is a potential to encounter buried prehistoric deposits in the project area. Buried or obscured archaeological resources may be encountered during construction. Thus, the following mitigation measures have been developed to ensure that significant impacts to archaeological resources are avoided during project implementation:
Retain a Qualified Principal Investigator and Develop a Cultural Resources Monitoring and Discovery Plan: A qualified principal investigator, defined as an archaeologist who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for professional archaeology, shall be retained to carry out all mitigation measures related to archaeological and historical resources and to. The Principal Investigator shall prepare a Cultural Resources Monitoring and Discovery Plan (CRMDP). The CRMDP shall describe the specific field methodologies to be utilized, including procedures for archaeological monitoring and treatment of any archaeological resources identified.
Preconstruction Worker Training: At the project kickoff and before construction activities begin, the selected qualified archaeologist or their designee will provide training to construction personnel on information regarding regulatory requirements for the protection of cultural resources. As part of this training, construction personnel will be briefed on proper procedures to follow should unanticipated cultural resources discoveries be made during construction. Workers will be provided contact information and protocols to follow in the event that inadvertent discoveries are made. If necessary, the project archaeologist can create a training video, PowerPoint presentation, or printed literature that can be shown to new workers and contractors to avoid continuous training throughout the life of the project.
Construction Monitoring for Archaeological Resources: Before the grading permit is issued, a qualified archaeological monitor shall be retained to monitor all initial ground-disturbing activities. The archaeological monitor will work under the supervision of the principal investigator. The duration and timing of the monitoring shall be determined by the principal investigator in consultation with the City of Colton. If, in consultation with the City of Colton, the principal investigator determines that full-time monitoring is no longer warranted, he or she may recommend a reduction in the level of monitoring to periodic spot checking or may recommend that monitoring cease entirely.
Inadvertent Discoveries: In the event that unanticipated buried cultural deposits are encountered during any phase of project construction, all construction work within 20 m (60 feet) of the deposit shall cease, and the qualified archaeologist shall be consulted to assess the find. Construction activities may continue in other areas. If the cultural material identified is Native American, Native American contacts will be notified. If, in consultation with the City of Colton, the discovery is determined to be not significant, work will be permitted to continue in the area. If, in consultation with the City of Colton, a discovery is determined to be significant, additional mitigation may be warranted.
21 C1-61 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Discovery of Human Remains: If human remains are discovered, State of California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 stipulates that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition pursuant to PRC Section 5097.98. The San Bernardino County Coroner and the lead agency must be notified of the find immediately. If the human remains are determined to be prehistoric, the Coroner will notify the Native American Heritage Commission, which will determine and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD). The MLD will complete the inspection of the site within 48 hours of notification and may recommend scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials.
Historic Built Environment Resources
As currently proposed, the project does not include any plan for the Peter Peters property at 602 Agua Mansa Road, which has been identified as a historical resource and as a contributor to the Agua Mansa Historic District. Implementation of the project would result in the material impairment of the property and would result in a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource. According to the CEQA Guidelines, a project that follows the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring, and Reconstructing Historic Buildings (Standards) (Weeks and Grimmer 1995) generally shall be considered as mitigated to a level of less than a significant impact on the historical resource (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5[b][3]). The Standards provide guidelines for four types of treatmens: preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, and reconstruction. Given that no use is currently proposed for 602 Agua Mansa Road, preservation would be the most suitable approach. Preservation would provide for the protection of the building and would ensure that its character-defining features and other elements that contribute to the building’s significance are retained.
Prior to the start of the proposed project, the City of Colton shall require the project sponsor retain a preservation team of qualified preservation professionals to develop a Historic Preservation Work Plan (HPWP) for 602 Agua Mansa Road. The preservation team shall include, but not be limited to an architectural historian who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards, and a structural engineer with demonstrated experience with historic buildings and structures, such as adobe residences. In developing an HPWP, the preservation project team shall determine the existing structural condition of the property and identify the features that contribute to its historical significance, including both the buildings and surrounding property.
The HPWP shall determine the extent of deterioration in existing features and the feasibility of repairing deteriorated features. Appropriate treatments for deteriorated features shall be determined according to the applicable Preservation Briefs and the Preservation Tech Notes that are provided by the National Park Service in its Technical Preservation Services. Specifically, the project sponsor and the preservation team shall investigate the existing foundation, adobe walls, roof, and windows. In addition, the HPWP shall identify and document the property’s character-defining features. This process will include an examination of not only the buildings at 602 Agua Mansa Road, but also the buildings and surrounding property. The HPWP shall present an approach that preserves the property’s character-defining features in conformance with the Standards, ensuring that the property retains its ability to convey its historical significance.
Prior to the issuance of construction permits, the City of Colton shall review and approve the HPWP. If it is determined that the structural condition of the property is compromised and subject to damage, work shall be done to stabilize the property before any ground disturbing activities commence. Other work presented in the HPWP may be performed concurrently as the proposed project and shall be proposed under the supervision of the preservation team. Subsequent to completion of the elements presented in the
22 C1-62 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
HPWP, the preservation team shall prepare a short memorandum that confirms the HPWP was completed as proposed.
Level of Significance after Mitigation As currently proposed, the project would result in the material impairment of 602 Agua Mansa Road, which this study has determined to be a historical resource and a contributor to the Agua Mansa Historic District. In addition to the mitigation measures pertaining to archaeological resources, implementation of a mitigation measure that includes the development of a HPWP and the preservation of the 602 Agua Mansa Road in accordance with the Standards would reduce project impacts below a level of significance.
23 C1-63 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
REFERENCES CITED
Ancestry.com 2012 1940 United States Federal Census [electronic database]. Provo, Utah. Bancroft, Hubert Howe 1886 The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft Vol. XVIII: History of California, Vol. I, 1542–1800 (1963 edition). The History Company, San Francisco. Bean, Lowell J. 1978 Cahuilla. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 575–587. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Bean, Lowell J., and Harry W. Lawton 1993 Some Explanations for the Rise of Cultural Complexity in Native California with Comments on Proto-Agriculture. In Before the Wilderness: Environmental Management by Native Californians, edited by Thomas C. Blackburn and Kat Anderson, pp. 27–54. Ballena Press, Menlo Park, California. Bean, Lowell J., and Charles R. Smith 1978 Gabrielino. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 538–549. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Bean, Lowell J., and Sylvia Brakke Vane 2002 The Native American Ethnography and Ethnohistory of Joshua Tree National Park: An Overview and Assessment Study. Section IV: The Serrano. Electronic document, http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/jotr/index.htm, accessed July 29, 2008. Beattie, George W., and Helen P. Beattie 1939 Heritage of the Valley, San Bernardino’s First Century. San Pasqual Press, Pasadena, California. Brown, James T. 1985 Harvest of the Sun: An Illustrated History of Riverside County. Windsor Publications, Northridge, California. Brown, John Jr., and James Boyd 1922 History of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago. Busch, Jane 1981 An Introduction to the Tin Can. Historical Archaeology 15(1):95–104. Byrd, Brian F., and L. Mark Raab 2007 Prehistory of the Southern Bight: Models for a New Millennium. In California Prehistory, edited by Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, pp. 215–228. Altimira Press, New York.
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Campbell, Elizabeth W. C., and William H. Campbell 1935 The Pinto Basin Site: An Ancient Aboriginal Camping Ground in the California Desert. Southwest Museum Papers 9:1–51. City of Colton 2000 City of Colton Cultural Resources Preservation Element. Approved September 5, 2000. 2015 Colton History. Electronic document, http://www.ci.colton.ca.us/index.aspx?nid=98, accessed August 18, 2015. Cleland, Robert G. 2005 The Cattle on a Thousand Hills: Southern California, 1850-1880. Second edition, sixth printing. Huntington Library, San Marino, California. Clorox Company, The 2015 Bottle Guide. Electronic document available at https://www.thecloroxcompany.com/company/heritage/bottle-guide/. Accessed September 30, 2015. Clucas, Don L. 1974 Light over the Mountain: A History of the Cucamonga Area. Kengraphics Printing and Lithography Co., Ontario, California. Cook, Sherburne A. 1955 The Epidemic of 1830–1833 in California and Oregon. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology Vol. 43, No. 3. Berkeley. Dallas, S. F. 1955 The Hide and Tallow Trade in Alta California 1822–1848. Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census 1920 Fourteenth Census of the United States: 1920-Population. San Bernardino County, California. Supervisor’s District No. 9, Enumeration District No. 148, Sheet 4B. January 17- 19. Duke, Donald 1995 Santa Fe: The Railroad Gateway to the American West, Volume One: Chicago-Los Angeles- San Diego. Golden West Books, San Marino. Dumke, Glenn S. 1944 The Boom of the Eighties in Southern California. Sixth printing, 1991. Huntington Library Publications, San Marino, California. Erlandson, Jon M. 1991 Early Maritime Adaptations on the Northern Channel Islands. In Hunter-Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, edited by J. M. Erlandson and R. Colten. Perspectives in California Archaeology, Vol. 1. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.
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Federal Writers’ Project of the Works Project Administration for the State of California. 1939 A Guide to the Golden State. Hastings House, New York. Glassow, Michael A, L. Wilcoxen, and J. M. Erlandson 1988 Cultural and Environmental Change during the Early Period of Santa Barbara Channel Prehistory. In The Archaeology of Prehistoric Coastlines, edited by G. Bailey and J. Parkington, pp. 64–77. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Governor’s Office of Planning and Research 1998 CEQA, California Environmental Quality Act Statutes and Guidelines. Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, Sacramento, California. Available at: http://ceres.ca.gov/ceqa/rev/approval. Gumprecht, Blake 1999 The Los Angeles River: Its Life, Death, and Possible Rebirth. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. Hampson, R. Paul, Jerrel Sorensen, Susan K. Goldberg, Mark T. Swanson, and Jeanne E. Arnold. 1988 Cultural Resources Survey, Upper Santa Ana River, California. Report prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District. On file at San Bernardino Archaeological Information Center, San Bernardino. Hansen, Janet 2006 Historical Resources Evaluation Report for the Interstate 10/Cedar Avenue Interchange Project, San Bernardino County, California. LSA Associates, Inc. Harley, R. Bruce 1991 Abiquiu, New Mexico: Ancestral Home of the Agua Mansa Pioneers. San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly 39(1):5–40. 1996 Site Histories. San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly 43(3):11–36. 1998 The Story of Agua Mansa: its Settlement, Churches and People, First Community in San Bernardino Valley, 1842–1893. Diocese of San Bernardino, San Bernardino. Harry S. Truman Library and Museum 2008 Public Papers of the Presidents: Harry S. Truman 1945-1953. Electronic document, http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=1956, accessed December 11, 2008. Heizer, Robert F. 1978 Introduction. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 1–6. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, William G. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Hofer, James D. 1983 A History of the Cucamonga Pioneer Vineyard Association. Master’s thesis, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California.
26 C1-66 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Horcasitas-Harley, Clara (translator) 1993 An Account of the Founding of the New Mexican Communities as told to Mr. David Garcia, Senior, by his Father. San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly 40(4):6–8. IDcide – Local Information Data Server 2015 Colton, California Weather. Available at: http://www.idcide.com/weather/ca/colton.htm. Accessed on October 1, 2015. Ingersoll, Luther A. 1904 Ingersoll’s Century Annals of San Bernardino County, California 1764 to 1904. Ingersoll, Los Angeles. Johnson, J. R., T. W. Stafford, Jr., H. O. Ajie, and D. P. Morris 2002 Arlington Springs Revisited. In Proceedings of the Fifth California Islands Symposium, edited by D. Browne, K. Mitchell, and H. Chaney, pp. 541–545. USDI Minerals Management Service and The Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California. King, Chester 1994 Fuel Use and Resource Management: Implications for the Study of Land Management in Prehistoric California and Recommendations for a Research Program. In Before the Wilderness: Environmental Management by Native Californians, edited by Thomas C. Blackburn and Kat Anderson, pp. 279–298. Ballena Press, Menlo Park, California. Koerper, Henry C., and Christopher E. Drover 1983 Chronology Building for Coastal Orange County: The Case from CA-ORA-119-A. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 19(2):1–34. Kowta, Makoto 1969 The Sayles Complex, A Late Milling Stone Assemblage from the Cajon Pass and the Ecological Implications of its Scraper Planes. University of California Publications in Anthropology 6:35–69. Berkeley, California. Kroeber, Alfred J. 1908 A Mission Record of the California Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(1):1–27. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78. Dover Publications, New York. LaFuze, Pauliena B. 1971 Saga of the San Bernardinos. Hogar Publishing Company, Colton, California. Langum, David J. 1987 Law and Community on the Mexican California Frontier: Anglo-American Expatriates and the Clash of Legal Traditions, 1821–1846. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
27 C1-67 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Lockhart, Bill and Russ Hoenig 2015 The Bewildering Array of Owens-Illinois Glass Co. Logos and Codes. Electronic Document. Available at: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/OwensIllinois2015.pdf. Accessed September 25, 2015. Lockhart, Bill, Beau Shriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey 2013 Ball Brothers Glass Mfg. Co. Electronic Document. Available at: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ballbros.pdf. Accessed September 29, 2015. 2014 Carr-Lowrey Glass Co. Electronic Document. Available at http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CarrLowreyGlassCo.pdf. Accessed September 30, 2015. Loehr, Helen 1993 Reminiscences of David Santiago Garcia. San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly 40(4):11–16. Lyman, Edward Leo 1996 San Bernardino: The Rise and Fall of a California Community. Signature Books, Salt Lake City, Utah. McCawley, William 1996 The First Angelinos: The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles. Malki Museum/Ballena Press Cooperative Publication, Banning or Novato, California. Mithun, Marianne 2001 Languages of Native North America. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Moratto, Michael J. 1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, New York. National Park Service 1990 How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, National Register Bulletin #15, National Park Service, Washington D.C. NETR Online 2015 Historic Aerial Photographs of 516–608 Agua Mansa Road, Colton, California. Available at http://www.historicaerials.com, accessed September 2015. O’Neil, Stephen 2002 The Acjachemen in the Franciscan Mission System: Demographic Collapse and Social Change. Master’s thesis, Department of Anthropology, California State University, Fullerton. Rawls, James J., and Walton Bean 2003 California: An Interpretive History, 8th edition. McGraw Hill, Boston. Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (Riverside County) 2008 District History. Electronic document, http://www.floodcontrol.co.riverside.ca.us/, accessed August 18, 2015.
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San Bernardino County Assessor n.d. Property Information for 516–608 Agua Mansa Road, San Bernardino, California. Schuiling, Walter C. 1984 San Bernardino County: Land of Contrasts. Windsor Publications, Woodland Hills, California. Scott, M. B. 1977 Development of Water Facilities in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1810-1968. United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California. Sidler, W. A. 1991 Great Flood of January 22, 1862. San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly 39(1):49–52. Smith, Gerald A., L. Burr Belden, and Arda M. Haenszel 1969 San Bernardino County Registered State Historical Landmarks, Vol. XVII, No. 1, Fall 1970. San Bernardino County Museum Association, San Bernardino. Southern California Panama Expositions Commission 1914 Southern California, Comprising the Counties of Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Ventura. Issued by the Southern California Panama Expositions Commission. Stoebe, Martha Gaines 1986 The City of San Bernardino, California. The City of San Bernardino Historical and Pioneer Society, San Bernardino. United States Patent Office 1920 Serial Number 118,980, filed May 28, 1919. Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office 272: 894. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 1943 Colton, Calif. 7.5-minute Quadrangle. Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey. Waitman, Leonard B. 1991 The Watch Dogs of San Bernardino Valley: The Fighting Trujillos. San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly 39(1):41–46. Wallace, William 1955 Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11:214–230. 1978 Post-Pleistocene Archaeology, 9000 to 2000 B.C. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 25–36. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, William G. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
29 C1-69 Draft Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operations Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Warren, Claude N. 1968 Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast. In Archaic Prehistory in the Western United States, edited by Cynthia Irwin-Williams, pp. 1–14. Eastern New Mexico University Contributions in Anthropology No. 1. Portales. Warren, Claude N., and D. L. True 1984 The Desert Region. In California Archaeology, edited by Michael J. Moratto, with contributions by D.A. Fredrickson, C. Raven, and C. N. Warren, pp. 339–430. Academic Press, Orlando. Waterman Industries 2015 About Waterman Industries, LLC. Available at: http://watermanusa.com/about. Accessed September 30, 2015. Waugh, John C. 2003 On the Brink of Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and How It Changed the Course of American History. Scholarly Resources Inc., Wilmington, Delaware. Yenne, Bill 1985 The History of the Southern Pacific. Bison Books, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
30 C1-70
Appendix A
South Central Coastal Information Center Records Search Results Letter
C1-71 C1-72 C1-73 C1-74
Appendix B
Native American Coordination Documentation
C1-75
October 5, 2015
Sam Dunlap, Cultural Resources Director Sent Via U.S. Mail Gabrielino/Tongva Nation P.O. Box 86908 Los Angeles, CA 90086 [email protected] (909) 262-9351
RE: Cultural Resources Services in Support of the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Dear Mr. Dunlap: SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) has been retained PlaceWorks to perform cultural resources services in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project (proposed project). The proposed project area consists of a largely-vacant, 12.3-acre parcel that is located immediately north of the Santa Ana River on the San Bernardino South USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Township 1 South, Range 4 West (see attached map). The project proposes to construct a trucking facility consisting of a large surface parking lot, office building, fuel station, and truck wash facility. As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, SWCA contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individuals and/or tribal organizations that may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the project area. The NAHC SLF search did identify Native American cultural resources within the immediate vicinity of the project area, and recommended that we consult with you directly regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have knowledge of any cultural resources that may exist within or near the proposed project area, please contact me via telephone at (626) 240-0587 Ext. 6610; or via email at [email protected]; or in writing at the above address at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely,
Steven Treffers Project Manager, Cultural Resources
Enclosures: study area map
C1-76
October 5, 2015
Joseph Hamilton, Chairman Sent Via U.S. Mail Ramona Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians P.O. Box 391670 Anza, CA 92539 [email protected] (951) 763-4105
RE: Cultural Resources Services in Support of the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Dear Mr. Hamilton: SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) has been retained PlaceWorks to perform cultural resources services in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project (proposed project). The proposed project area consists of a largely-vacant, 12.3-acre parcel that is located immediately north of the Santa Ana River on the San Bernardino South USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Township 1 South, Range 4 West (see attached map). The project proposes to construct a trucking facility consisting of a large surface parking lot, office building, fuel station, and truck wash facility. As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, SWCA contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individuals and/or tribal organizations that may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the project area. The NAHC SLF search did identify Native American cultural resources within the immediate vicinity of the project area, and recommended that we consult with you directly regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have knowledge of any cultural resources that may exist within or near the proposed project area, please contact me via telephone at (626) 240-0587 Ext. 6610; or via email at [email protected]; or in writing at the above address at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely,
Steven Treffers Project Manager, Cultural Resources
Enclosures: study area map
C1-77
October 5, 2015
Mark Macarro, Chairperson Sent Via U.S. Mail Pechanga Band of Mission Indians P.O. Box 1477 Temecula, CA 92593 [email protected] (951) 770-6100
RE: Cultural Resources Services in Support of the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Dear Mr. Macarro: SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) has been retained PlaceWorks to perform cultural resources services in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project (proposed project). The proposed project area consists of a largely-vacant, 12.3-acre parcel that is located immediately north of the Santa Ana River on the San Bernardino South USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Township 1 South, Range 4 West (see attached map). The project proposes to construct a trucking facility consisting of a large surface parking lot, office building, fuel station, and truck wash facility. As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, SWCA contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individuals and/or tribal organizations that may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the project area. The NAHC SLF search did identify Native American cultural resources within the immediate vicinity of the project area, and recommended that we consult with you directly regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have knowledge of any cultural resources that may exist within or near the proposed project area, please contact me via telephone at (626) 240-0587 Ext. 6610; or via email at [email protected]; or in writing at the above address at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely,
Steven Treffers Project Manager, Cultural Resources
Enclosures: study area map
C1-78
October 5, 2015
Robert Martin, Chairperson Sent Via U.S. Mail Morongo Band of Mission Indians 12700 Pumarra Road Banning, CA 92220 (951) 849-8807 (951) 755-5200
RE: Cultural Resources Services in Support of the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Dear Mr. Martin: SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) has been retained PlaceWorks to perform cultural resources services in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project (proposed project). The proposed project area consists of a largely-vacant, 12.3-acre parcel that is located immediately north of the Santa Ana River on the San Bernardino South USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Township 1 South, Range 4 West (see attached map). The project proposes to construct a trucking facility consisting of a large surface parking lot, office building, fuel station, and truck wash facility. As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, SWCA contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individuals and/or tribal organizations that may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the project area. The NAHC SLF search did identify Native American cultural resources within the immediate vicinity of the project area, and recommended that we consult with you directly regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have knowledge of any cultural resources that may exist within or near the proposed project area, please contact me via telephone at (626) 240-0587 Ext. 6610; or via email at [email protected]; or in writing at the above address at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely,
Steven Treffers Project Manager, Cultural Resources
Enclosures: study area map
C1-79
October 5, 2015
Anthony Morales, Chairperson Sent Via U.S. Mail Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians P.O. Box 693 San Gabriel, CA 91778 [email protected] (626) 483-3564 Cell
RE: Cultural Resources Services in Support of the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Dear Mr. Morales: SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) has been retained PlaceWorks to perform cultural resources services in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project (proposed project). The proposed project area consists of a largely-vacant, 12.3-acre parcel that is located immediately north of the Santa Ana River on the San Bernardino South USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Township 1 South, Range 4 West (see attached map). The project proposes to construct a trucking facility consisting of a large surface parking lot, office building, fuel station, and truck wash facility. As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, SWCA contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individuals and/or tribal organizations that may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the project area. The NAHC SLF search did identify Native American cultural resources within the immediate vicinity of the project area, and recommended that we consult with you directly regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have knowledge of any cultural resources that may exist within or near the proposed project area, please contact me via telephone at (626) 240-0587 Ext. 6610; or via email at [email protected]; or in writing at the above address at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely,
Steven Treffers Project Manager, Cultural Resources
Enclosures: study area map
C1-80
October 5, 2015
Rosemary Morillo, Chairperson; Attn: Carrie Garcia Sent Via U.S. Mail Soboba Band of Mission Indians P.O. Box 487 San Jacinto, CA 92581 [email protected] (951) 654-2765
RE: Cultural Resources Services in Support of the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Dear Ms. Morillo: SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) has been retained PlaceWorks to perform cultural resources services in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project (proposed project). The proposed project area consists of a largely-vacant, 12.3-acre parcel that is located immediately north of the Santa Ana River on the San Bernardino South USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Township 1 South, Range 4 West (see attached map). The project proposes to construct a trucking facility consisting of a large surface parking lot, office building, fuel station, and truck wash facility. As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, SWCA contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individuals and/or tribal organizations that may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the project area. The NAHC SLF search did identify Native American cultural resources within the immediate vicinity of the project area, and recommended that we consult with you directly regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have knowledge of any cultural resources that may exist within or near the proposed project area, please contact me via telephone at (626) 240-0587 Ext. 6610; or via email at [email protected]; or in writing at the above address at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely,
Steven Treffers Project Manager, Cultural Resources
Enclosures: study area map
C1-81
October 5, 2015
Andrew Salas, Chairperson Sent Via U.S. Mail Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation P.O. Box 393 Covina, CA 91723
RE: Cultural Resources Services in Support of the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Dear Mr. Salas: SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) has been retained PlaceWorks to perform cultural resources services in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project (proposed project). The proposed project area consists of a largely-vacant, 12.3-acre parcel that is located immediately north of the Santa Ana River on the San Bernardino South USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Township 1 South, Range 4 West (see attached map). The project proposes to construct a trucking facility consisting of a large surface parking lot, office building, fuel station, and truck wash facility. As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, SWCA contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individuals and/or tribal organizations that may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the project area. The NAHC SLF search did identify Native American cultural resources within the immediate vicinity of the project area, and recommended that we consult with you directly regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have knowledge of any cultural resources that may exist within or near the proposed project area, please contact me via telephone at (626) 240-0587 Ext. 6610; or via email at [email protected]; or in writing at the above address at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely,
Steven Treffers Project Manager, Cultural Resources
Enclosures: study area map
C1-82
October 5, 2015
Lynn Valbuena, Chairwoman Sent Via U.S. Mail San Manuel Band of Mission Indians 26569 Community Center Highland, CA 92346 (909) 864-8933
RE: Cultural Resources Services in Support of the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Dear Ms. Valbuena: SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) has been retained PlaceWorks to perform cultural resources services in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project (proposed project). The proposed project area consists of a largely-vacant, 12.3-acre parcel that is located immediately north of the Santa Ana River on the San Bernardino South USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Township 1 South, Range 4 West (see attached map). The project proposes to construct a trucking facility consisting of a large surface parking lot, office building, fuel station, and truck wash facility. As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, SWCA contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individuals and/or tribal organizations that may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the project area. The NAHC SLF search did identify Native American cultural resources within the immediate vicinity of the project area, and recommended that we consult with you directly regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have knowledge of any cultural resources that may exist within or near the proposed project area, please contact me via telephone at (626) 240-0587 Ext. 6610; or via email at [email protected]; or in writing at the above address at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely,
Steven Treffers Project Manager, Cultural Resources
Enclosures: study area map
C1-83
October 5, 2015
John Valenzuela, Chairperson Sent Via U.S. Mail San Fernando Band of Mission Indians P.O. Box 221838 Newhall, CA 91322 [email protected] (661) 753-9833 Office (760) 885-0955 Cell
RE: Cultural Resources Services in Support of the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Dear Mr. Valenzuela: SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) has been retained PlaceWorks to perform cultural resources services in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project (proposed project). The proposed project area consists of a largely-vacant, 12.3-acre parcel that is located immediately north of the Santa Ana River on the San Bernardino South USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Township 1 South, Range 4 West (see attached map). The project proposes to construct a trucking facility consisting of a large surface parking lot, office building, fuel station, and truck wash facility. As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, SWCA contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individuals and/or tribal organizations that may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the project area. The NAHC SLF search did identify Native American cultural resources within the immediate vicinity of the project area, and recommended that we consult with you directly regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have knowledge of any cultural resources that may exist within or near the proposed project area, please contact me via telephone at (626) 240-0587 Ext. 6610; or via email at [email protected]; or in writing at the above address at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely,
Steven Treffers Project Manager, Cultural Resources
Enclosures: study area map
C1-84
October 5, 2015
Goldie Walker, Chairwoman Sent Via U.S. Mail Serrano Nation of Mission Indians P.O. Box 343 Patton, CA 92369 (909) 528-9027 (909) 528-9032
RE: Cultural Resources Services in Support of the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California
Dear Ms. Walker: SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) has been retained PlaceWorks to perform cultural resources services in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project (proposed project). The proposed project area consists of a largely-vacant, 12.3-acre parcel that is located immediately north of the Santa Ana River on the San Bernardino South USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle, Township 1 South, Range 4 West (see attached map). The project proposes to construct a trucking facility consisting of a large surface parking lot, office building, fuel station, and truck wash facility. As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, SWCA contacted the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search and a list of Native American individuals and/or tribal organizations that may have knowledge of cultural resources in or near the project area. The NAHC SLF search did identify Native American cultural resources within the immediate vicinity of the project area, and recommended that we consult with you directly regarding your knowledge of the presence of cultural resources that may be impacted by this project. If you have knowledge of any cultural resources that may exist within or near the proposed project area, please contact me via telephone at (626) 240-0587 Ext. 6610; or via email at [email protected]; or in writing at the above address at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your assistance. Sincerely,
Steven Treffers Project Manager, Cultural Resources
Enclosures: study area map
C1-85 Steven Treffers
From: Andy
Dear Steven Treffers
Project Manager , Cultural Resources This email is in regards to the above project location.
Pursuant to Public Resources Code 21080.3.1 (AB52), please find this email as a request for consultation in response to your letter about your upcoming project. The homeland of the Kizh (Kitc) Gabrieleño, probably the most influential Native American group in aboriginal Southern California (Bean and Smith 1978a:538), was centered in the Los Angeles Basin. Our tribal territory extended eastward as far as the San Bernardino- Riverside area, southward as far as Aliso Creek in Orange County, northward as far as the San Gabriel mountains and westward as far as the coast extending out to the Channel Islands (see map below). Your proposed project lies within our traditional tribal territory in an area where tribal cultural resources are feared to be affected. The notes of historians, ethnographers, archaeologists and anthropologists (such as John Peabody Harrington, Lowell Bean, Bernice Johnston, and William McCawley) have provided us resources referencing these village/sacred sites dating back to the late prehistoric and protohistoric periods. The specifics of which we will gladly share with you while protect confidentiality (Public Resources Code 21082.3). We have knowledge of the area and village sites that once inhabited this location.
These villages were based on clan or lineage groups and their home-base sites are marked by midden deposits, often with bedrock mortars. During their seasonal rounds to exploit plant resources, small groups would migrate within their traditional territory in search of specific plants and animals. Their gathering strategies often left behind signs of special use sites such as grinding slicks on bedrock boulders. There have been countless sites throughout our territory where not only artifacts have been unearthed (i.e. monos, metates, bone or rock tools, shell jewelry, cogstones, soapstone jewelry, or soapstone effigies to name a few) but also, unfortunately the human remains of our ancestors.
The Native American Heritage Commission refers lead agencies to the respective Native American Tribe because they are not the experts on each tribe’s cultural resources, nor do they have complete history (both written and/or oral) regarding the sensitivity and location of historic villages, trade routes, cemeteries and sacred/religious sites on any given tribe. The recently implementation of AB52 dictates that lead agencies consult with Native American Tribes who can prove and document traditional and cultural affiliation with the area of said project in order to protect cultural resources. Our priorities are to avoid and protect without delay or conflicts – to consult with you to hopefully avoid unnecessary destruction of resources, but also to protect what resources exist at this project site or those that we have concern may be unearthed and disturbed.
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Pursuant to Public Resources Code 21080.3.1(e), the consultation process is expected to begin within 30 days of your receipt of this letter. Therefore, because of the sensitivity of this location we are requesting one of our experienced, trained, and certified Native American monitors to be on site during any and all ground disturbances in order to protect our cultural Resources . We also recommend that we are accompanied by trained archeologist as yourselves, during all ground disturbance .
Our Tribe, a non-profit 501(c)3 organization, provides this service as an independent contractor. Some of our monitors have HAZWOPER certification if necessary. In addition, liability insurance certification can be provided. I am available to speak with you directly regarding the specifics of this project, my concerns about cultural resources and the arrangements necessary to provide monitoring at your project. In addition, my Tribal Secretary will handle any paperwork, contracts, quotes, insurance and billing information. Our contact information is below. We look forward to hearing from you.
Sincerely,
Andrew Salas, Chairman Dr. Christina Swindall Martinez, Secretary Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation cell (818)406-1392 PO Box 393 email: [email protected] Covina, CA 91723 cell (626)926-4131 email: [email protected] website: www.gabrielenoindians.org
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September 22, 2015
Attn: Steven Treffers, Project Manager, Cultural Resources SWCA 150 South Arroyo Parkway, 2nd Floor Pasadena, CA 91105
Re: Cultural Resources Services in Support of the Southwest Regional Operations Center Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino, CA
The Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians appreciates your observance of Tribal Cultural Resources and their preservation in your project. The information provided to us on said project has been assessed through our Cultural Resource Department, where it was concluded that although it is outside the existing reservation, the project area does fall within the bounds of our Tribal Traditional Use Areas. This project location is in proximity to known sites, is a shared use area that was used in ongoing trade between the tribes, and is considered to be culturally sensitive by the people of Soboba.
Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians is requesting the following:
1. To initiate a consultation with the project proponents and lead agency.
2. The transfer of information to the Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians regarding the progress of this project should be done as soon as new developments occur.
3. Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians continues to act as a consulting tribal entity for this project.
4. Working in and around traditional use areas intensifies the possibility of encountering cultural resources during the construction/excavation phase. For this reason the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians requests that Native American Monitor(s) from the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians Cultural Resource Department to be present during any ground disturbing proceedings. Including surveys and archaeological testing.
5. Request that proper procedures be taken and requests of the tribe be honored (Please see the attachment)
Sincerely,
Joseph Ontiveros, Director of Cultural Resources Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians P.O. Box 487 San Jacinto, CA 92581 Phone (951) 654-5544 ext. 4137 Cell (951) 663-5279 [email protected]
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Cultural Items (Artifacts). Ceremonial items and items of cultural patrimony reflect traditional religious beliefs and practices of the Soboba Band. The Developer should agree to return all Native American ceremonial items and items of cultural patrimony that may be found on the project site to the Soboba Band for appropriate treatment. In addition, the Soboba Band requests the return of all other cultural items (artifacts) that are recovered during the course of archaeological investigations. Where appropriate and agreed upon in advance, Developer’s archeologist may conduct analyses of certain artifact classes if required by CEQA, Section 106 of NHPA, the mitigation measures or conditions of approval for the Project. This may include but is not limited or restricted to include shell, bone, ceramic, stone or other artifacts.
The Developer should waive any and all claims to ownership of Native American ceremonial and cultural artifacts that may be found on the Project site. Upon completion of authorized and mandatory archeological analysis, the Developer should return said artifacts to the Soboba Band within a reasonable time period agreed to by the Parties and not to exceed (30) days from the initial recovery of the items.
Treatment and Disposition of Remains.
A. The Soboba Band shall be allowed, under California Public Resources Code § 5097.98 (a), to (1) inspect the site of the discovery and (2) make determinations as to how the human remains and grave goods shall be treated and disposed of with appropriate dignity.
B. The Soboba Band, as MLD, shall complete its inspection within twenty-four (24) hours of receiving notification from either the Developer or the NAHC, as required by California Public Resources Code § 5097.98 (a). The Parties agree to discuss in good faith what constitutes "appropriate dignity" as that term is used in the applicable statutes.
C. Reburial of human remains shall be accomplished in compliance with the California Public Resources Code § 5097.98 (a) and (b). The Soboba Band, as the MLD in consultation with the Developer, shall make the final discretionary determination regarding the appropriate disposition and treatment of human remains.
D. All parties are aware that the Soboba Band may wish to rebury the human remains and associated ceremonial and cultural items (artifacts) on or near, the site of their discovery, in an area that shall not be subject to future subsurface disturbances. The Developer should accommodate on-site reburial in a location mutually agreed upon by the Parties.
E. The term "human remains" encompasses more than human bones because the Soboba Band's traditions periodically necessitated the ceremonial burning of human remains. Grave goods are those artifacts associated with any human remains. These items, and other funerary remnants and their ashes are to be treated in the same manner as human bone fragments or bones that remain intact
Coordination with County Coroner’s Office. The Lead Agencies and the Developer should immediately contact both the Coroner and the Soboba Band in the event that any human remains are discovered during implementation of the Project. If the Coroner recognizes the human remains to be those of a Native American, or has reason to believe that they are those of a Native American, the Coroner shall ensure that notification is provided to the NAHC within twenty-four (24) hours of the determination, as required by California Health and Safety Code § 7050.5 (c).
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Non-Disclosure of Location Reburials. It is understood by all parties that unless otherwise required by law, the site of any reburial of Native American human remains or cultural artifacts shall not be disclosed and shall not be governed by public disclosure requirements of the California Public Records Act. The Coroner, parties, and Lead Agencies, will be asked to withhold public disclosure information related to such reburial, pursuant to the specific exemption set forth in California Government Code § 6254 (r). Ceremonial items and items of cultural patrimony reflect traditional religious beliefs and practices of the Soboba Band. The Developer agrees to return all Native American ceremonial items and items of cultural patrimony that may be found on the project site to the Soboba Band for appropriate treatment. In addition, the Soboba Band requests the return of all other cultural items (artifacts) that are recovered during the course of archaeological investigations. Where appropriate and agreed upon in advance, Developer’s archeologist may conduct analyses of certain artifact classes if required by CEQA, Section 106 of NHPA, the mitigation measures or conditions of approval for the Project. This may include but is not limited or restricted to include shell, bone, ceramic, stone or other artifacts.
Confidentiality: The entirety of the contents of this letter shall remain confidential between Soboba and SWCA Environmental Consultants. No part of the contents of this letter may be shared, copied, or utilized in any way with any other individual, entity, municipality, or tribe, whatsoever, without the expressed written permission of the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians.
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Appendix C
California Department of Parks and Recreation 523 Series Forms
C1-91 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date Page 1 of 10 *Resource Name or #: COL-S-01
P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Bernardino and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad: San Bernardino South Date: 2015; Jurupa – Stearns Land Grant; S. B. B.M. c. Address: City: Zip: d. UTM: NAD 83 Zone: 11N; 469145 mE/ 3768033 mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: 275 m (900 feet) amsl The site is located at the intersection of Fogg Street and South Rancho Avenue in the City of Colton, on the west side of South Rancho Avenue.
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) Site COL-S-01 is a historical mid-twentieth century agricultural or ranching site. The site measures approximately 388 × 142 m (1,274 × 654 feet) and comprises five features associated with water distribution and control, seven fence or post features, one retaining wall, one access road, 18 concentrations of secondary historic refuse deposits and a diffuse scatter of building materials. The refuse deposits consist primarily of fragmented building materials such as brick, concrete, cinder blocks, milled lumber, asphalt, and metal. Some domestic trash is present, including glass and ceramic fragments as well as cans.
*P3b. Resource Attributes: AH2. Foundations/structure pads; AH4. Privies/dumps/trash scatters; AH5. Wells/cisterns; AH6. Water conveyance system; AH7. Roads/trails/railroad grades; AH11. Walls/fences *P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) Site COL-S-01, Feature 1034, concrete tank and structure pads; view facing south.
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both
*P7. Owner and Address: Unknown (Private)
*P8. Recorded by: A. Elzinga and J. Carvajal SWCA Environmental Consultants 150 S. Arroyo Parkway, Fl. 2 Pasadena, CA 91105
*P9. Date Recorded: September 2-3, 2015 *P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive Pedestrian
*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") Treffers, Steven and Laura Hoffman 2015 Draft Cultural Resources Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operation Center Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California. SWCA Environmental Consultants, Pasadena. *Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (List):
DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information C1-92 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# LOCATION MAP Trinomial Page 2 of 10 *Resource Name or #: COL-S-01
*Map Name: San Bernardino South *Scale: 1:24,000 *Date of Map: 2015
DPR 523J (1/95) *Required information C1-93 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION Trinomial ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE RECORD Page 3 of 10 *Resource Name or #: COL-S-01
*A1. Dimensions: a. Length: 142 m. (N/S) b. Width: 388 m. (E/W) Method of Measurement: Paced Taped Visual estimate Other: G.P.S. Method of Determination (Check any that apply.): Artifacts Features Soil Vegetation Topography Cut bank Animal burrow Excavation Property boundary Other (Explain):
Reliability of Determination: High Medium Low Explain: Good ground visibility.
Limitations (Check any that apply): Restricted access Paved/built over Site limits incompletely defined Disturbances Vegetation Other (Explain):
A2. Depth: None Unknown Method of Determination: *A3. Human Remains: Present Absent Possible Unknown (Explain):
*A4. Features (Number, briefly describe, indicate size, list associated cultural constituents, and show location of each feature on sketch map.): See continuation sheet for Feature Summary Table. Feature 1001 comprises five concrete pipes (Features 1001 A–E), four of which have cast iron valves (Features 1001 A–D). The features consist of concrete pipes vertically embedded in the ground. The four pipes have 6-inch cast iron valves (1001 A–D) and are embossed with “LUBBOCK/WATERMAN/TEXAS/6/IN/SUNSHINE ALFALFA.” These valves were produced after Waterman Industries opened its Lubbock, Texas facility in 1953, and the company makes similar cast iron valves today (Waterman Industries 2015). Three of the pipes (Features 1001 A–C) are located along the east edge of the site: one (Feature 1001 D) is at the northwest corner of the site, and one (Feature 1001 E) is near the center of the site. No artifacts were observed on the surface in the vicinity of Feature 1001. Feature 1004 consists of an 8.5-inch (21.6-cm) diameter PVC pipe of unknown age vertically embedded in the ground with a 19.5- inch-long (50-cm-long) metal L-shaped bar extending out of the top of the pipe. The bar is attached to a valve located at the bottom of the PVC pipe. The feature was likely used to control water flow for agricultural or livestock operations. Feature 1008 is a water retention basin measuring approximately 4.5 feet (1.4 m) square and 5 feet 3 inches (1.6 m) deep, located at the east end of the site approximately 27.5 feet (8.4 m) east of Feature 1009. Approximately 22 inches (56 cm) of the basin stands above ground, with the remaining portion below ground. Two large pipes measuring approximately 6 inches in diameter (15.3 cm) connect to the bottom of the basin: one on the north wall and one on the south wall. Two additional small PVC pipes are embedded in the west wall above ground level. Feature 1008 is of unknown age, likely associated with Feature 1001, and was probably used to store and distribute water, either for livestock or for agriculture. No artifacts were observed on the surface in the vicinity of the feature. Feature 1009 is a board-formed concrete trough of unknown age measuring 12 feet 10 inches × 2 feet 7 inches (3.9 × 0.8 m) located near the southeast corner of the site. The trough was likely used to feed or water livestock. The concrete is somewhat degraded and has been patched in several places. Approximately 10 pieces of milled lumber are stacked along the south wall outside of the trough. A section of concrete pipe is buried adjacent to the north side of the trough, of which approximately 2 feet 9 inches (0.84 m) is exposed; it does not appear that the pipe is connected to the trough. Feature 1034 includes one concrete tank, two concrete structure pads, three wood posts, and two concrete pipes of unknown age. These items are located within an area measuring approximately 42 × 33 feet (12.9 × 10 m) near the center of the site. The concrete tank consists of a rectangular base measuring 6 × 4 feet (1.8 × 1.2 m) with a vertical section of concrete 12-inch (30.5-cm) pipe extending out of the top to a height of approximately 10 feet (3 m). A 4-inch (10.2-cm) metal pipe xtrudes from the south wall of the tank, and a 2-inch (5.1-cm) metal pipe extends from the north wall of the tank. The two rectangular structure pads each measure 5 feet 4 inches × 2 feet (1.6 × 0.6 m) and have six metal bolts embedded at each corner and the midpoint of the long side. They are located adjacent to each other approximately 10 feet (3 m) northwest of the tank. The two concrete pipe segments both measure 11 inches in diameter; one is embedded vertically in the ground approximately 10 feet (3 m) north of the tank, while the other is lying on the surface approximately 10 feet (3 m) east of the tank. There are three wood posts located on the east side of the tank, two of which are upright and one that is lying on the ground. No artifacts were observed on the surface in the area of this feature. The function of the feature is unclear, but the concrete pipes indicate that it was likely associated with water control and distribution, perhaps for either livestock or agricultural purposes. Feature 1020 is a composite post made of one wood post and one metal post that are bolted together at the top with two pieces of milled lumber. The age and function of this feature is unknown. Feature 1028 is the remains of a fence composed of eight repurposed utility pole segments and three square wood beams located near the center of the site. The fence posts are roughly arranged in a circle measuring approximately 35 × 43.5 feet (10.9 × 13.3 m) and may have been an enclosure for livestock. Remnants of barbed wire, wire nails, and metal hardware are attached to the posts. Six posts remain standing, two have been cut near ground level, and three are lying on the ground. Two of the utility post segments retain their number plates and the date nail remains on one post, indicating that it was originally erected in 1959. It is likely that the utility pole line was in use for some time prior to the decommissioning of the poles, thus the Feature 1028 fence was constructed at least several years later.
DPR 523C (1/95) *Required information C1-94 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION Trinomial ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE RECORD Page 4 of 10 *Resource Name or #: COL-S-01
Feature 1030 is the remains of a north–south trending fence composed of 13 repurposed utility pole segments, two square wood posts, and one repurposed railroad tie. The fence line begins near the center of the site and ends at the north edge of the site boundary, at Agua Mansa Road. Remnants of barbed wire, smooth wire, and wire nails are attached to the posts. The northern segment of the fence line has been incorporated into the modern fence along the property boundary. Feature 1038 is a line of decommissioned utility poles measuring 124.5 feet (38 m). The utility pole line consists of four decommissioned utility poles that have been sawn off below the crossbars. Two of the poles retain their number plates, and a date nail is present on one pole, indicating that the pole was originally erected in 1959. The missing segments of the poles were likely reused to construct some of the fences in other areas of the site. The original line is likely to have been longer, but entire poles have been removed and repurposed. Feature 1042 comprises two standing wood posts and a small scatter of fencing debris in an area measuring 49 × 31.5 feet (15 × 9.5 m). The debris pile includes five wood posts and a metal gate frame that were likely connected to the two standing wood posts at one time. Feature 1043 is the remains of a small, triangular fenced enclosure measuring approximately 5 × 5 × 6 feet (1.5 × 1.5 × 1.8 m) located adjacent to the west side of Feature 1038. Wire nails and remnants of barbed wire are attached to the posts. The feature was likely a small enclosure to hold livestock. Feature 1051 is a wood hitching post located at the southwest corner of the site and measuring 17 feet (5.2 m) long. The feature is constructed of three wood posts and is 5.5 feet (1.7 m) tall; it was likely used to tie up horses or livestock. Feature 1048 is a retaining wall of unknown age constructed of wood beams and large granite cobbles without mortar. Feature 1048 measures approximately 82.5 feet (25.1 m) long and is located at the north edge of the east half of the site. The wall varies in height from approximately 1 to 3 feet (0.3 to 0.9 m). It is partially obscured by encroaching vegetation as well as sediment and debris, but it is composed of at least 18 large cobbles measuring between 10 and 18 inches (25.4 and 45.7 cm) in diameter and at least three large wooden beams measuring approximately 8 feet (2.4 m) long and 8 inches (20.3 cm) in diameter. This feature is a retaining wall to hold back sediment along the north edge of the site, south of Agua Mansa Road. Feature 1013 is an informal access road comprising several segments measuring a total of approximately 800 feet (244 m) in length and located in the east half of the site. One 58-foot (16-m) segment of the road immediately south of the gate leading to the backyard of the Peter’s Adobe is paved with a thin layer of asphalt that is very degraded. This feature likely was used by the residents of the adobe to access the rear of their property and potentially the adjacent parcel. Six concentrations containing building material and domestic debris, including glass fragments, ceramic fragments, and cans: Features 1016, 1019, 1032, 1036, 1044, and 1046. Glass artifacts include more than 100 colorless fragments, more than 50 amber fragments, more than 20 white (milk glass) fragments, more than 20 green fragments, four blue fragments, and two solarized amethyst glass fragments. Ceramics include more than 20 white ware fragments, and 10 fragments of cans are also present. Six artifacts identified within the refuse concentrations demonstrate particularly diagnostic attributes and identifiable maker’s marks, and these indicate that the debris dates to the early and mid-twentieth century (see continuation sheet). They include a glass canning jar, a milk bottle, a prescription or toiletry bottle, a bleach bottle, and a shoe shine bottle or jar. These artifacts represent a range of household functions and likely represent episodes of dumping by nearby residents. *A5. Cultural Constituents (Describe and quantify artifacts, ecofacts, cultural residues, etc., not associated with features.): 12 concentrations of secondary deposits of refuse that have been mechanically pushed into piles, likely when the site was graded. The concentrations contain over 1,000 pieces of building material, including pieces of broken concrete, cinderblocks, milled lumber, granite cobbles, wood pallets, plywood, bricks, asphalt, window glass, ceramic and PVC pipe, and metal debris.
*A6. Were Specimens Collected? No Yes (If yes, attach Artifact Record or catalog and identify where specimens are curated.) *A7. Site Condition: Good Fair Poor (Describe disturbances.): The site is very disturbed; most of the ground surface has been mechanically graded and some clearing and grubbing appears to also have occurred recently. Much of the refuse present has been mechanically pushed into piles along with the dead vegetation. Numerous vehicle tracks transect the site, and aerial photographs indicate that informal two-track roads have been regularly created and quickly abandoned throughout the site. Some modern infrastructure is present, including irrigation pipe, fencing along the property line, and a wood H-frame utility pole. *A8. Nearest Water (Type, distance, and direction.): Santa Ana River is located approximately 0.6 km (0.4 miles) to the south. *A9. Elevation: 275 m (900 feet) above mean sea level A10. Environmental Setting: The site is in a generally flat area, with numerous small mountain ranges to the south, including La Loma Hills and the Box Springs Mountains, and a wide valley to the north with the San Bernardino Mountains beyond. The immediate vicinity is a mix of industrial development and open space with a few residential structures, and is commonly known as the Agua Mansa Industrial Corridor. Heavily populated urban areas are nearby, including the City of San Bernardino, located immediately north of Colton.
DPR 523C (1/95) *Required information C1-95 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION Trinomial ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE RECORD Page 5 of 10 *Resource Name or #: COL-S-01
A11. Historical Information: Site COL-S-01 is located on Assessor’s Parcel Numbers (APNs) 0275-041-36 and 0163-452-07. San Bernardino County parcel data indicates that APN 0275-041-36 was purchased by J. A. Johnson in 1905, and remained in the Johnson family through the 1960s. APN 0163-452-07, currently the site of the Peters Adobe (602 Agua Mansa Road), originally included what are now APNs 0163- 452-03, 0163-452-02, 0163-452-03, and 0163-452-01; parcels west of the Peters Adobe that contain residential homes at 516 Agua Mansa Road, 604 Agua Mansa Road, 606 Agua Mansa Road, and 608 Agua Mansa Road. APN 0163-452-07 was purchased from the Peters family by Perry J. and Hazel Martin in 1938, after which the new owners began subdividing the northwest portion of the property into the smaller residential parcels that exist today. The homes adjacent to the site boundary located along Agua Mansa Road were all constructed by the mid-1940s and were occupied during the period to which site COL-S-01 dates.
*A12. Age: Prehistoric Protohistoric 1542-1769 1769-1848 1848-1880 1880-1914 1914-1945 Post 1945 Undetermined Describe position in regional prehistoric chronology or factual historic dates if known:
A13. Interpretations (Discuss data potential, function[s], ethnic affiliation, and other interpretations): Although it is possible that the residents of the adjacent parcels may be associated with mid-twentieth century agricultural or ranching activities occurring within the COL-S-01 site boundary, there is no definitive evidence of such association. The largest parcel upon which the site is located, APN 0275-041-36, was not owned by any of the owners of the residential land, and there is no evidence to suggest that the adjacent property owners had access to APN 0275-041-36. In addition, it is possible that the owners of both APN 0275-041-36 and APN 0163-452-07 leased portions of their land to a third party who kept livestock or grew agricultural goods. Furthermore, while it is likely that local residents occasionally used the area to deposit refuse, particularly large and heavy objects such as bricks and cinderblocks, the low number of domestic artifacts present indicate that this area was not the primary location residents used to dump trash. The research potential of site COL-S-01 has been exhausted by its present recordation, and few meaningful conclusions can be drawn from further study. The site does not appear to meet the minimum criteria to be considered eligible for the CRHR under Criteria 1 through 4, and it does not represent a unique archaeological resource. SWCA recommends that site COL-S-01 be considered not eligible for listing in the CRHR. A14. Remarks:
A15. References (Documents, informants, maps, and other references): Busch, Jane 1981 An Introduction to the Tin Can. Historical Archaeology 15(1):95–104. Clorox Company, The 2015 Bottle Guide. Electronic document available at https://www.thecloroxcompany.com/company/heritage/bottle- guide/. Accessed September 30, 2015. Lockhart, Bill and Russ Hoenig 2015 The Bewildering Array of Owens-Illinois Glass Co. Logos and Codes. Electronic Document. Available at: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/OwensIllinois2015.pdf. Accessed September 25, 2015. Lockhart, Bill, Beau Shriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey 2013 Ball Brothers Glass Mfg. Co. Electronic Document. Available at: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ballbros.pdf. Accessed September 29, 2015. 2014 Carr-Lowrey Glass Co. Electronic Document. Available at http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CarrLowreyGlassCo.pdf. Accessed September 30, 2015. United States Patent Office 1920 Serial Number 118,980, filed May 28, 1919. Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office 272: 894.
A16. Photographs (List subjects, direction of view, and accession numbers or attach a Photograph Record.): See continuation sheet.
Original Media/Negatives Kept at: SWCA Pasadena *A17. Form Prepared by: Laura Hoffman Date: 10/5/2015 Affiliation and Address: SWCA Environmental Consultants, 150 S. Arroyo Parkway, Fl. 2, Pasadena, CA 91105
DPR 523C (1/95) *Required information C1-96 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# SKETCH MAP Trinomial Page 6 of 10 *Resource Name or #: COL-S-01 *Drawn By: A. Elzinga and L. Hoffman *Date: September 3, 2015
DPR 523K (1/95) *Required information C1-97 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial Page 7 of 10 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) COL-S-01
Recorded By: A. Elzinga and J. Carvajal *Date: September 3, 2015 Continuation Update
Summary of Features within Site COL-S-01 Feature No. Description Type Date 1001 Five concrete pipes (1001 A–E), four with cast iron valves Water control Post-1953 1004 PVC pipe and metal valve Water control Unknown 1008 Cinderblock basin Water control Unknown 1009 Concrete trough Water control Unknown 1013 Access road with paved and unpaved segments Access road Unknown 1016 Concentration of building materials and domestic refuse Refuse concentration Post-1945 1017 Concentration of domestic ceramic fragments Refuse concentration Unknown 1020 Composite wood and metal post Fencing/Post Features Unknown 1030 North–south trending fence composed of repurposed Fencing/Post Features Unknown utility pole segments, wood posts, and repurposed railroad tie 1032 Concentration of building materials and domestic refuse Refuse concentration 1933-1964 1034 One concrete tank, two concrete structure pads, three Water control Unknown wood posts, and two concrete pipes 1036 Concentration of building materials and domestic refuse Refuse concentration Unknown 1038 Decommissioned utility line Fencing/Post Features Unknown 1042 Two standing wood posts and scatter of fencing debris Fencing/Post Features Unknown 1043 Triangular fenced enclosure Fencing/Post Features Unknown 1044 Concentration of building materials and domestic refuse Refuse concentration Unknown 1046 Concentration of building materials and domestic refuse Refuse concentration 1953 1048 Retaining wall Retaining wall Unknown 1051 Hitching post Fencing/Post Features Unknown
Diagnostic Artifacts in Refuse Concentrations within Site COL-S-01 Artifact Location Description Date Reference Range Aerosol Can Feature 1016 Metal aerosol can Post-1945 Busch 1981 Ball Brothers Glass Feature 1032 Colorless glass canning jar base fragment 1933-1960 Lockhart et al. 2013 Manufacturing embossed with “260-1/8/Bal [script]“ Company canning jar base Bartons Dyanshine Feature 1032 Colorless bottle base embossed with post-1919 United States Patent bottle or jar base “BARTONS/S/DYANSHINE” Office 1920 Carr-Lowrey Feature 1032 Colorless glass prescription or toiletry bottle 1920- Lockhart et al. 2014 complete glass bottle with threaded finish embossed with “CL/17” present on the base Owens-Illinois bottle Feature 1032 Colorless milk bottle base fragment embossed 1940-1964 Lockhart and base with “VICE ASSN / [RE]G CAL / Duraglas Hoenig 2015 [script]” Owens-Illinois bottle Feature 1032 Amber bottle base with stippling embossed 1940-1964 Lockhart and base with Owens Illinois maker’s mark (“I” in an Hoenig 2015; oval)/6/B” and “CLOROX Reg. US Pat Off” The Clorox Company 2015 Owens-Illinois bottle Feature 1046 Colorless bottle base fragment embossed with 1953 Lockhart and base Owens Illinois maker’s mark “(“I” in an Hoenig 2015 oval)/8/53”
DPR 523L (1/95) *Required information C1-98 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial Page 8 of 10 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) COL-S-01
Recorded By: A. Elzinga and J. Carvajal *Date: September 3, 2015 Continuation Update
DPR 523L (1/95) *Required information C1-99 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial Page 9 of 10 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) COL-S-01
Recorded By: A. Elzinga and J. Carvajal *Date: September 3, 2015 Continuation Update
Feature 1001C, a vertically embedded concrete pipe with cast iron valve; plan view showing valve.
Feature 1008, cinderblock water retention basin; view facing south.
DPR 523L (1/95) *Required information C1-100 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial Page 10 of 10 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) COL-S-01
Recorded By: A. Elzinga and J. Carvajal *Date: September 3, 2015 Continuation Update
Feature 1028, possible livestock corral; view facing north.
Feature 1013, paved segment adjacent to gate at back of Peter’s Adobe; view facing north.
DPR 523L (1/95) *Required information C1-101 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date Page 1 of 4 *Resource Name or #: 602 Agua Mansa Road
P1. Other Identifier: Peter Peters Adobe *P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Bernardino and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad: San Bernardino South Date: 1967 /1975 T 1S; R 4 W; E ¼ of N ½ of Sec 30; B.M. c. Address: 602 Agua Mansa Road City: Colton Zip: 92324 d. UTM: Zone: 10 ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: APN# 0163-452-07-0000
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) Located at the southwest corner of Agua Mansa Road and South Rancho Avenue, the subject property is a former agricultural property that contains a primary residence and secondary outbuilding, both of which are currently vacant. The primary residence is a two-story, single family residence designed in a Minimal Traditional style. Rectangular in plan, the building has an adobe brick structural system covered by wood siding with a one-story, exposed adobe brick extension on the south (rear) elevation. The building is topped with a cross-gable roof and the extension has a gentler-pitched hipped roof, all sheathed in asphalt shingles. A porch on the north elevation with large wood columns and a decorative railing sits atop a concrete platform and leads to the central, primary entryway. A smaller secondary porch is located on the east elevation, also with a decorative wood railing. With the exception of a double-hung window on the east elevation, all fenestration is currently boarded over with plywood. A single-story, rectangular outbuilding with a gable roof sheathed in asphalt shingles is located immediately to the west of the primary residence. It features a large wood door on the south elevation and an entry way on the east elevation which has been boarded over with plywood. The building has an extension on the east elevation with a shed roof. Enclosed by an open post-and-rail wood fence, the subject property features a large open space to the south that was historically used for agricultural purposes.
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2. Single family property *P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) date, accession #) View of the house, looking southwest, 06/25/2015, IMG_0955.jpg
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both Ca. 1875 (Harley 1998)
*P7. Owner and Address: Unknown
*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Natalie Loukianoff SWCA Environmental Consultants 60 Stone Pine Road, Suite 201 Half Moon Bay, CA 94019
*P9. Date Recorded: 07/31/2015 *P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive
*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") Draft Cultural Resources Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operation Center Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California (SWCA Environmental Consultants 2015) *Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (List): DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information C1-102 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# LOCATION MAP Trinomial Page 2 of 4 *Resource Name or #: 602 Agua Mansa Road
*Map Name: San Bernardino South *Scale: 1:24,000 *Date of Map: 1967/1980
DPR 523J (1/95) *Required information
C1-103 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 3 of 4 *NRHP Status Code 3S *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 602 Agua Mansa Road
B1. Historic Name: Peter Peters residence B2. Common Name: Peter Peters Adobe B3. Original Use: Residence B4. Present Use: Residence *B5. Architectural Style: Minimal Traditional *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) Constructed circa 1875 (Harley 1998), encolosed in wood by 1883 (Harley 1996).
*B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: *B8. Related Features: Secondary outbuilding.
B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown *B10. Significance: Theme: Early Development of Colton Area: South Colton Period of Significance: 1875 Property Type: Adobe Residence Applicable Criteria: A;1;1/3/4 (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The single-family residence located at 602 Agua Mansa Road is an adobe building sheathed in wood cladding that was constructed circa 1875 by Peter C. Peters (Harley 1998). A native of the North Friasian island of Sylt, Peters arrived in San Francisco in 1861 at the age of 19 before heading to southern California by invitation of his cousin Cornelius Jensen. Jensen was one of the early settlers of Agua Mansa, one of the first settlements east of Mission San Gabriel and within the boundaries of present day Colton (Harley 1991). Agua Mansa was first settled by emigrants from the New Mexican province of the Mexican Republic on the north side of the Santa Ana River in 1844-45 and was an established community with a church and school by the time Peters arrived in 1861. Soon after however on January 22, 1862, a devastating flood destroyed the Agua Mansa, melting adoves and washing away trees, crops, and fertile grounds (Haley 1998). Peters left for San Diego County before returning to the area in the late 1860s to farm and raise stock. In 1873 he married Refugio Alvarado, who was the daughter of the majordomo of Rancho San Bernardino, Francisco Alvarado.
Peters was already doing well by the time of his marriage, with tax records indicating he owned 700 sheep, 300 lams, and two Spanish horses(Harley 1998). He purchased an additional 49 acres of land the following year in 1874; a narrow strip of land that extended north from the Santa Ana River and was bound by Agua Mansa Road to the north and Old Riverside Road (present-day Rancho Avenue) to the east. On this land he developed the subject property using adobe bricks as was common of early California settlers. His wealth continued to grow in the following decade, with his land holding growing to 420 acres on which he grew fruits, grapes, and alfalfa, and raised nearly 1500 head of sheep (Harley 1991). As Peters’ wealth grew, so did his prominence in the community, and he was soon tapped to serve on boards for both the San Salvador School and the Agua Mansa Cemetery. Peters owned the subject property until 1912, when he transferred ownership to his son Frank. The elder Peters appears to have lived in the residence until approximately this time and continued to live in other residences in Colton until his death in 1934 (Harley 1998). (See Contuation Sheet, page 4). (Sketch Map with north arrow required.) B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) *B12. References: Harley, Bruce. Abiquiu, New Mexico: Ancestral Home of the Agua Mansa Pioneers. San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly 39(1):5–40, 1991. Harley, Bruce. The Story of Agua Mansa: its Settlement, Churches and People, First Community in San Bernardino Valley, 1842-1893. Diocese of San Bernardino, San Bernardino, 1998. B13. Remarks: *B14. Evaluator: Steven Treffers *Date of Evaluation: September 2015
(This space reserved for official comments.)
DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information C1-104 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial Page 4 of 4 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 602 Agua Mansa Road
*Recorded by: Steven Treffers *Date: September 2015 Continuation Update *B10. Significance (Continued): Frank Peters owned the property until his own death two years later in 1936, at which time it transferred to his wife Perilia (San Bernardino County Assessor). The property was sold the following year to Perry J. and Hazel Martin and over the following decade, portions of Peters original 49 acre parcel were subdivided and redeveloped for residential and industrial purposes.
In assessing the historical significance of the subject property, it is a former agricultural property owned and developed by early Colton settler Peter C. Peters. It contains an 1875 adobe residence, which is an exceedingly rare property type in San Bernardino County and southern California as a whole. The residence is currently vacant and in moderate-to-poor condition, however it is largely unaltered and continues to retain integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship, and association. Because it retains integrity and is directly associated with the early development of the region, the subject property appears eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, California Register of Historical Places, and for local designation in the City of Colton under Criteria A/1/1. Further as an increasingly rare property type that is representative of a type, period, and method of construction, it appears eligible at the federal, state, and local level under Criteria C/3/4. The subject property also appears to contribute to the Agua Mansa Historic District, which is significant in Colton’s agricultural history.
DPR 523L (1/95) *Required information C1-105 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date Page 1 of 3 *Resource Name or #: 516 Agua Mansa Road
P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Bernardino and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad: San Bernardino South Date: 1967 /1975 T 1S; R 4 W; E ¼ of N ½ of Sec 30; B.M. c. Address: 516 Agua Mansa Road City: Colton Zip: 92324 d. UTM: Zone: 10 ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: APN# 02750-041-11-0000
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) The subject property is a single-family residence located at 516 Agua Mansa Road in an area characterized by agricultural and industrial uses. Square in plan, the single-story building is capped by a side-gabled roof covered in replacement asphalt shingles and punctuated by a brick chimney. Its wood-framed structural system is sheathed in non-original, rough-textured stucco and characteristic of its Minimal Traditional style, it is void of architectural details. Windows have largely been replaced with double- hung windows and the primary entrance, located at the center of the primary (north) elevation, is hidden behind a metal security gate. Located to the south is a small outbuilding constructed of corrugated metal and capped by a gabled roof. The property is surrounded by a chain-link metal fence and surrounded by small citrus trees and other minimal landscaping. Alterations including the application of rough-textured stucco, replacement of windows, and asphalt shingle roofing materials have negatively affected its integrity of materials and workmanship.
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2. Single family property *P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) date, accession #) View of the house, looking southwest, 06/25/2015, IMG_01005.jpg
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both Circa 1935 (NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor)
*P7. Owner and Address: Unknown
*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Natalie Loukianoff SWCA Environmental Consultants 60 Stone Pine Road, Suite 201 Half Moon Bay, CA 94019
*P9. Date Recorded: 07/31/2015 *P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive
*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") Draft Cultural Resources Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operation Center Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California (SWCA Environmental Consultants 2015) *Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (List): DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information C1-106 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# LOCATION MAP Trinomial Page 2 of 3 *Resource Name or #: 516 Agua Mansa Road
*Map Name: San Bernardino South *Scale: 1:24,000 *Date of Map: 1967/1980
DPR 523J (1/95) *Required information
C1-107 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 3 of 3 *NRHP Status Code 6Z *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 516 Agua Mansa Road
B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: B3. Original Use: Residence B4. Present Use: Residence *B5. Architectural Style: Minimal Traditional *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) Constructed circa 1935 (San Bernardino County Assessor). Application of rough-textured stucco, replacement of windows and roofing material at unknown dates (visual observation).
*B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: *B8. Related Features: Secondary outbuilding.
B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown *B10. Significance: Theme: N/A Area: N/A Period of Significance: N/A Property Type: Single-family residence Applicable Criteria: N/A (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)
The subject property is a Minimal Traditional single-family residence that was constructed circa 1935 when the parcel on which it sits was subdivided from a larger parcel that extended further to the south and east (NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor). The original owner and occupant of the property was John M. and Emma Sprinkle, who appear to have lived in the residence until at least 1942 (San Bernardino County Assessor). Over the following decade the ownership of the property transferred between Ellis S. and Alline Johnson, George E. and Velva R. Cemmell, and George M. and Myrtle Schliesser (San Bernardino County Assessor). Archival research failed to indicate that the property is associated with historic events or persons, and it is fairly common example of a Craftsman/Minimal Traditional residence. As such, it does not appear eligible for federal, state, or local designation under any applicable criteria. As a single-family residence that was developed in 1935 on a small subdivision, it does not appear to have been associated with the early agricultural history of Colton and therefore it is not recommended as a contributor to the Agua Mansa Historic District.
B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) (Sketch Map with north arrow required.) *B12. References: NETR Online, Historic Aerial Photographs of 516 Agua Mansa Road, available at historicaerials.com, accessed September 2015. San Bernardino County Assessor, Property Information for 516 Agua Mansa Road, San Bernardino, California.
B13. Remarks:
*B14. Evaluator: Steven Treffers *Date of Evaluation: September 2015
(This space reserved for official comments.)
DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information C1-108 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date Page 1 of 3 *Resource Name or #: 604 Agua Mansa Road
P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Bernardino and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad: San Bernardino South Date: 1967 /1975 T 1S; R 4 W; E ¼ of N ½ of Sec 30; B.M. c. Address: 604 Agua Mensa Road City: Colton Zip: 92324 d. UTM: Zone: ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: APN# 0163-452-03-0000
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) The subject building is a single-story, single-family residence designed in a Craftsman/traditional style. The rectangular plan building has a wood structural system and is sheathed in wood clapboard siding. There is a porch on the west elevation that wraps around to the north elevation with large decorative wood columns and a low railing and leads to the primary entrance on the north elevation, currently located behind a metal security screen. To the east of the entrance is a bay window with double-hung wood windows. To the west of the entrance is a large picture window. The building is topped with a hipped roof clad in asphalt shingles and punctuated by dormers on the north and west elevations. Towards the southeast corner of the property there is a small, wood outbuilding.
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2. Single family property *P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) date, accession #) View of the house, looking southeast, 06/25/2015, IMG_0971.jpg
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both Potentially moved circa 1941 (NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor; USGS 1943)
*P7. Owner and Address: Unknown
*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Natalie Loukianoff SWCA Environmental Consultants 60 Stone Pine Road, Suite 201 Half Moon Bay, CA 94019
*P9. Date Recorded: 07/31/2015 *P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive *P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") Draft Cultural Resources Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operation Center Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California (SWCA Environmental Consultants 2015) *Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (List): DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information
C1-109 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# LOCATION MAP Trinomial Page 2 of 3 *Resource Name or #: 606 Agua Mansa Road
*Map Name: San Bernardino South *Scale: 1:24,000 *Date of Map: 1967/1980
DPR 523J (1/95) *Required information
C1-110 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 3 of 3 *NRHP Status Code 6Z *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 604 Agua Mansa Road
B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: B3. Original Use: Residence B4. Present Use: *B5. Architectural Style: Craftsman/Minimal Traditional *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) Visual observation suggests the building was constructed early 20th century and was possibly moved to the current location circa 1941 (NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor; USGS 1943).
*B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: 1941 Original Location: Unknown *B8. Related Features:
B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown *B10. Significance: Theme: N/A Area: N/A Period of Significance: N/A Property Type: Single-family residence Applicable Criteria: N/A (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The subject property is a single-family residence designed in a Craftsman/Minimal Traditional architectural style that is characteristic of the early 20th century; however historic aerial photographs and topographic maps and records at the San Bernardino County Assessor indicate that the property was not situated at its current location until circa 1941, when the parcel which it is currently located was subdivided from the larger adjacent parcel to the east (NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor; USGS 1943). This information suggests that the residence was moved from another location, although archival its original address or construction date is unclear. Following its possible relocation the building sat on land owned by Raymond H. and Pauline V. Wood (San Bernardino County Assessor). Research was unable to identify any subsequent owners or occupants.
In considering the historical significance of the property, it is an early 20th century, single-family residence that appears to have been moved to its current location. National Register criteria limit the consideration of moved properties because significance is embodied in settings as much as the properties themselves (National Park Service 1995). Further archival research failed to indicate that the property is associated with historic events or persons, and it is fairly common example of a Craftsman/Minimal Traditional residence. As such, it does not appear eligible for federal, state, or local designation under any applicable criteria. As a single-family residence that was developed at its current location circa 1941 on a small subdivision, it does not appear to have been associated with the early agricultural history of Colton and therefore it is not recommended as a contributor to the Agua Mansa Historic District
B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes)
*B12. References: NETR Online, Historic Aerial Photographs of 604 Agua Mansa Road, various years. Available at historicaerials.com, accessed (Sketch Map with north arrow required.) September 2015. National Park Service, How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, National Register Bulletin #15, National Park Service, Washington D.C., 1995. San Bernardino County Assessor, Property Information for 604 Agua Mansa Road, San Bernardino, California. USGS, Colton Quadrangle, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, 1943. B13. Remarks: *B14. Evaluator: Steven Treffers *Date of Evaluation: September 2015
(This space reserved for official comments.)
DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information C1-111 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date Page 1 of 3 *Resource Name or #: 606 Agua Mansa Road
P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Bernardino and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad: San Bernardino South Date: 1967 /1975 T 1S; R 4 W; E ¼ of N ½ of Sec 30; B.M. c. Address: 606 Agua Mensa Road City: Colton Zip: 92324 d. UTM: Zone: ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: APN# 0163-452-02-0000
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) The subject building is a single-story, single-family residence that is rectangular plan building and has a wood structural system with a stucco finish. There is an extension on the south (rear) elevation and in the center of the north elevation is the primary entrance, currently located behind a metal security screen, and a large picture window with single-hung windows on either side. Rectangular vinyl casement windows are located on either side of the entryway. The building is topped by a hipped roof with asphalt shingles and exposed rafters with a wood fascia board. The extension on the south elevation has a shed roof. A large air conditioning unit is situated on the roof. There is a detached one-story garage at the rear of the building.
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2. Single family property *P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) date, accession #) View of the house, looking southwest, 06/25/2015, IMG_0982.jpg
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both Circa 1948-1959 (Historic Aerials)
*P7. Owner and Address: Unknown
*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Natalie Loukianoff SWCA Environmental Consultants 60 Stone Pine Road, Suite 201 Half Moon Bay, CA 94019
*P9. Date Recorded: 07/31/2015 *P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive
*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") Draft Cultural Resources Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operation Center Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California (SWCA Environmental Consultants 2015) *Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (List): DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information
C1-112 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# LOCATION MAP Trinomial Page 2 of 3 *Resource Name or #: 606 Agua Mansa Road
*Map Name: San Bernardino South *Scale: 1:24,000 *Date of Map: 1967/1980
DPR 523J (1/95) *Required information
C1-113 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 3 of 3 *NRHP Status Code 6Z *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 606 Agua Mansa Road
B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: B3. Original Use: Residence B4. Present Use: Residence *B5. Architectural Style: Minimal Traditional *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) Constructed circa 1951-1959 (NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor).
*B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: *B8. Related Features:
B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown *B10. Significance: Theme: N/A Area: N/A Period of Significance: N/A Property Type: Single-family residence Applicable Criteria: N/A (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)
The subject property is a single-family residence designed in a Minimal Traditional style that was constructed between 1951 and 1959 (NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor). Assessor records indicate that the building is located on a lot that was subdivided from the adjacent parcel to the east in 1946 by Raymond H. and Pauline V. Wood (San Bernardino County Assessor). Research was unable to identify any subsequent owners or occupants, and failed to indicate that the property is associated with any significant events or persons. Further the building is a fairly common example of a Minimal Traditional residence and as such the building does not appear eligible for federal, state, or local designation under any applicable criteria. As a single-family residence that was developed between 1951 and 1959 on a small subdivision, it does not appear to have been associated with the early agricultural history of Colton and therefore it is not recommended as a contributor to the Agua Mansa Historic District.
B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) (Sketch Map with north arrow required.) *B12. References: NETR Online, Historic Aerial Photographs of 606 Agua Mansa Road, various years. Available at historicaerials.com, accessed September 2015. San Bernardino County Assessor, Property Information for 606 Agua Mansa Road, San Bernardino, California.
B13. Remarks: *B14. Evaluator: Steven Treffers *Date of Evaluation: September 2015
(This space reserved for official comments.)
DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information C1-114 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date Page 1 of 3 *Resource Name or #: 608 Agua Mansa Road
P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Bernardino and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad: San Bernardino South Date: 1967 /1975 T 1S; R 4 W; E ¼ of N ½ of Sec 30; B.M. c. Address: 608 Agua Mensa Road City: Colton Zip: 92324 d. UTM: Zone: ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: APN# 0163-452-02-0000
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) The subject property is a single-story, single-family residence that is rectangular plan building has a stucco finish. In the center of the north elevation is the primary entrance, currently located behind a metal security screen and underneath an entry portico supported by wood columns. Wood double-hung windows are located on either side of the entry. The windows on the east and west elevations appear to primarily be vinyl single-hung windows. The building is topped by a front-gabled roof with asphalt shingles. There is a detached one-story garage with a front-gable roof on the southeast corner of the property.
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2. Single family property *P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) date, accession #) View of the house, looking southwest, 06/25/2015, IMG_0998.jpg
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both 1943 (NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor)
*P7. Owner and Address: Unknown
*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Natalie Loukianoff SWCA Environmental Consultants 60 Stone Pine Road, Suite 201 Half Moon Bay, CA 94019
*P9. Date Recorded: 07/31/2015 *P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive
*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") Draft Cultural Resources Survey Report for the Southwest Regional Operation Center Project, Colton, San Bernardino County, California (SWCA Environmental Consultants 2015) *Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (List): DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information C1-115 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# LOCATION MAP Trinomial Page 2 of 3 *Resource Name or #: 608 Agua Mansa Road
*Map Name: San Bernardino South *Scale: 1:24,000 *Date of Map: 1967/1980
DPR 523J (1/95) *Required information
C1-116 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 3 of 3 *NRHP Status Code 6Z *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 608 Agua Mansa Road
B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: B3. Original Use: Residence B4. Present Use: Residence *B5. Architectural Style: Minimal Traditional *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) Constructed circa 1940 (NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor).
*B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: *B8. Related Features:
B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown *B10. Significance: Theme: N/A Area: N/A Period of Significance: N/A Property Type: Single-family residence Applicable Criteria: N/A (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)
608 Agua Mansa Road is a single-family residence designed in a Minimal Traditional style that was constructed circa 1940 on land owned by Altbert W., Edgar R., and Charles W. Johnson, and Inez E. Otto (Ancestry.com 2012; NETR Online 2015; San Bernardino County Assessor). Research was unable to identify subsequent owners or occupants, and failed to indicate that the property is associated with any significant events or persons. Further the building is a fairly common example of a Minimal Traditional residence and as such the building does not appear eligible for federal, state, or local designation under any applicable criteria. As a single-family residence that was developed circa 1940 on a small subdivision, it does not appear to have been associated with the early agricultural history of Colton and therefore it is not recommended as a contributor to the Agua Mansa Historic District.
B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes)
*B12. References: (Sketch Map with north arrow required.) *B12. References: Ancestry.com, 1940 United States Fedral Census [database on-line], Provo Utah, 2012. NETR Online, Historic Aerial Photographs of 608 Agua Mansa Road, available at historicaerials.com, accessed September 2015. San Bernardino County Assessor, Property Information for 606 Agua Mansa Road, San Bernardino, California.
B13. Remarks: *B14. Evaluator: Steven Treffers *Date of Evaluation: September 2015
(This space reserved for official comments.)
DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information C1-117
ATTACHMENT 2
1 RESOLUTION NO. R-14-21 2 A RESOLUTION OF THE OF THE CITY OF COLTON PLANNING 3 COMMISSION APPROVING CERTIFICATE OF 4 APPROPRIATENESS TO ALLOW DEMOLITION OF NON- 5 CONFORMING GARAGE STRUCTURE AND DRIVEWAYY 6 LOCATED AT 602 AGUA MANSA ROAD WITHIN THE M-1 (LIGHT 7 INDUSTRIAL) AND AGUA MANSA HISTORIC DISTRICT (FILE 8 INDEX NO. HP0-000-093)
9 10 WHEREAS, an application (File Index No. HP0-000-093) was filed with the City of Colton by Vance Mape, representative of PSIP WR Rancho, LLC (hereinafter "Applicant") for 11 Historic Certificate of Appropriateness (HCOA) for the demolition of an approximate 645 12 square foot garage/storage structure and driveway within the M-1 (Light Industrial) Zone and 13 Agua Mansa Historic District (APN:0163-452-07); and 14 WHEREAS, The staff report accompanying this resolution is found to be true, 15 adopted as Findings and incorporated in this Resolution; and
16 WHEREAS, on April 27, 2021, the City of Colton Planning Commission conducted a 17 public meeting on the Application and all persons wishing to testify in connection with the 18 proposed Application were heard, and the Application was comprehensively reviewed; and 19 WHEREAS, the potential environmental impacts by the project were reviewed pursuant to the Guidelines for the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). 20 BE IT NOW THEREFORE RESOLVED AS FOLLOWS: 21
22 SECTION 1. Based on the entire record before the Planning Commission and all written 23 and oral evidence presented, and the findings made in this Resolution, the Planning Commission 24 makes the following findings for approval of the Historic Certificate of 25 Appropriateness (HCOA):
26
27 1. The Demolition will not have a significant effect on the applicable goals and 28 objectives of Colton's General Plan and on the implementation of this chapter. 23152.06020\32617662.1
1 Based on the preceding investigation and analysis, the property at 602 Agua Mansa 2 Road is not individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic 3 Places (NRHP), the California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR), or for designation as a Colton Historic Resource. Research did not reveal the garage 4 structure and driveway to have an association with significant events or persons. 5 They do not embody distinctive characteristics of their architectural styles and 6 periods, nor are they likely to yield important information in history or prehistory. 7 The project is consistent with the Historic Preservation chapter of the Municipal Code 8 through SWCA Memorandum dated March 12, 2021 and verified by staff the 9 garage structure and driveway on the property have no historical value, are 10 nonconforming structures, and do not contribute in preserving the Agua Mansa 11 Historical District (not including the Peter’s Home).
12 2. The structures are not of such unusual design, texture or materials that it could 13 not be reproduced or could be reproduced only with great difficulty and
14 expense. 15 The property at 602 Agua Mansa Road includes a garage structure and driveway 16 that were built about 50 years ago and are unexceptional example of it’s architectural style. Although the property retains a qualified historical resource in 17 the Peter’s Home, none of the garage structure or driveway embody distinctive 18 characteristics of a style, type, period, or method of construction; or represents a 19 notable work of a master designer, builder, or architect whose individual work 20 influenced the broader patterns of development. Therefore, the subject garage 21 structure and driveway are not individually eligible under Criteria C/3 for listing in 22 the NRHP or the CRHR 23 The garage structure and driveway have been determined through the Historical 24 Resources Assessment conducted by SWCA and verified by staff there was no association with significant events or persons. They do not embody distinctive 25 characteristics of their architectural styles and periods, nor are they likely to yield 26 important information in history or prehistory. 27
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1 3. The Structure is not of such interest or quality that it would reasonably meet 2 Federal or State criteria for Designation as a Historic Resource.
3 The property at 602 Agua Mansa Road does include a strong association with events 4 or patterns that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of 5 national, state, or local history with the primary building on the site – Peter’s Home. The garage and driveway, however, were constructed approximately 50 years ago. 6 The proposed demolition of the garage structure and driveway reviewed by the 7 SWCA Memorandum dated March 12 did not find the proposed garage structure and 8 driveway to meet the criteria for national or state historical resource. Therefore, the 9 subject garage structure and driveway are not individually or collectively eligible 10 under Criteria A/1 for listing in the NRHP or the CRHR. 11 For the reasons stated above, the proposal is consistent with the Cultural 12 Resources Element Policy 2f: "Ensure future development is compatible with 13 existing structures and distinct characteristics,” and Land Use Element Policy 14 LU-3.6: " Identify and revitalize areas within the City which, through deterioration 15 of structures, high vacancy rates, vandalism, or health and safety concerns, merit 16 special attention." 17 SECTION 2. The Planning Commission of the City of Colton, in accordance with the 18 California Environmental Quality Act, has found that the project will not have a significant 19 impact on the environment and determined that Article 19, Categorical Exemption Section 20 15301(l - 4) allows for the demolition of single-family residences for each lot and one lot that has
21 two homes where a maximum of three are allowed and where more within a multi-family lot where no more than six dwelling units are proposed to be demolished. 22
23 SECTION 3. This action by the Planning Commission shall be final unless an appeal of 24 the action is filed with the City Clerk’s office in writing, pursuant to Section 18.58.100 of the 25 Colton Municipal Code. 26
27 SECTION 4. Based upon the findings set forth in Sections 1 and 2 of this Resolution, the Planning Commission hereby approves a Major Certificate of Appropriateness (Case No. 28
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1 HP0-000-092) to allow demolition of garage structure and driveway located on at 602 Agua 2 Mansa Road as described herein, subject to the attached conditions of approval (Exhibit “A”). 3 SECTION 4. This land use entitlement shall become null and void if not exercised 4 within one (1) year of this approval and the applicant has not been granted an extension of time 5 by the Planning Commission, pursuant to Section 18.58.070 of the Colton Municipal Code. 6 7 SECTION 5. The Secretary shall certify the adoption of this Resolution. 8 th 9 PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this 27 day of April, 2021.
10
11
12 Planning Commission Chairperson 13 Richard Prieto ATTEST: 14
15 16 17 Planning Commission Secretary 18 Mark R. Tomich, AICP
19 I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true copy of a Resolution adopted by the 20 Planning Commission of the City of Colton at a meeting held on April 27, 2021, by the following vote of the Planning Commission: 21 22 AYES: NOES: 23 ABSENT: ABSTAIN: 24 25 26 Planning Commission Secretary Mark R. Tomich, AICP 27 28
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1 ATTACHMENT - A APPROVED CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL 2 For HP0-000-093
3 THE APPLICANT SHALL COMPLY WITH ALL CONDITIONS AS SET FORTH IN THE 4 CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL.
5 PLANNING:
6 1. This approval is for an application (File Index No. HP0-000-093) Major Certificate of 7 Appropriateness to allow for the demolition of an approximate 645 square foot
8 garage/storage structure and driveway within the M-1 (Light Industrial) Zone and Agua Mansa Historic District (APN:0163-452-07) as shown on plans stamped received 9 on April 19, 2021, by the Development Services Department, except as amended by these 10 conditions. 11
12 2. Any requests for modifications, including any deviation from the approved plans and/or 13 conditions of approval, shall be submitted to the Development Services Director for 14 review, prior to implementation of the modification. Significant deviations from the 15 approved use, approved plans or conditions of approval shall be subject to review and approval by the Planning Commission. The applicant requesting the modification shall 16 supply information deemed necessary by the Director and/or Planning Commission to 17 make a determination. 18 19 3. The applicant shall comply with the sign ordinance and/or approved sign program in 20 obtaining permits for new signs and continue to maintain signs in good repair throughout
21 the operation of the use.
22 4. All previous conditions and mitigation measures of Planning Commission Resolution 23 R-07-21 shall be me 24 GRADING 25 5. Submit to the City Engineering Department a separate Erosion Control plan of a 26 scale of 1" = 20' prepared by a civil engineer registered in the State of California. 27 28
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1 The final drainage plan shall be a 4 mil mylar, which the City Engineer will sign 2 and retain at the City Engineer Office for record. 3 6. Submit a letter to the Office of the City Engineer certifying that the owner is 4 responsible for complying with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination 5 System Ordinance, during and after construction. In the letter, the following 6 statement shall be included: "No contaminated water shall be allowed to discharge 7 on sidewalks, gutter, storm drains, parkways and driveways at any time."
8 IMPROVEMENT PLANS: 9 Improvement Plans for the proposed development shall be prepared as a separate set of 10 drawings for each of the following categories: 11 12 7. The Developer shall repair any areas of existing improvements that become damaged 13 during any phase of construction or demolition of the project, as determined by the 14 Office of the City Engineer. The contractor working in the right-of-way must 15 submit proof of a Class "A" Contractor License, City of Colton Business License, and liability insurance. 16 8. All plans, including grading plans shall be drawn on 24" x 36" 4 mil Mylar. 17
18 9. A map of the proposed development drawn to scale 1" = 200', showing the outline of 19 streets and street names, shall be submitted to the City to update the City wall atlas 20 map. 21 CODE ENFORCEMENT: 22 10. General Parking: Parking lot shall be maintained in accordance with Title 18 of the Colton 23 Municipal Code, zoning ordinance requirements for paving and striping. Parking shall 24 include the required amount of Disabled parking to ADA specifications and dimensions. 25 All parking lot entrances will be posted in compliance with Vehicle Code 22658 which 26 minimally includes: A substantive statement prohibiting public parking, states vehicles will be towed at owner’s expense, references Vehicle Code 22658, and must be a 27 minimum of 17”X 22” with a minimum of 1” letters. In addition, the sign will indicate 28
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1 the name of the private towing company and phone number above the police department 2 name and phone. 3 11. Disabled Parking: All disabled parking spaces will comply with Americans with 4 Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements and Vehicle Code 22511.8. In addition, disabled 5 parking will be clearly indicated by all three indicia: 1.) blue wheel stop and/or curb, 2.) 6 blue sign with white wheelchair symbol at head of space, and 3.) blue field with 7 wheelchair symbol and blue striping painted on the ground. All parking lot entrances will 8 be posted in accordance with Vehicle Code 22511.8(d). 9 12. Storage: Parking and trash areas will not be used for storage of hazardous materials, 10 including but not limited to tires, waste oil, and inoperable or unregistered vehicles. 11 Property manager or tenant shall promptly abate hazardous materials or inoperable 12 vehicles. General exterior storage areas will be screened from public view. 13 14 13. Signage: Applicant will fully comply with Colton Municipal Code18.50 Sign Ordinance 15 as amended. Temporary promotional signs require a permit and must be authorized by Development Services prior to display. Refer to code for additional signage permitting 16 and requirements. 17
18 14. Advertisements: Handbills or advertisements may be distributed in public places person- 19 to-person but will not be placed or left upon unoccupied vehicles or otherwise left 20 unattended in public places. 21 22 15. Special Events: Per Colton Municipal Code section 5.44, applicant shall not conduct, operate, maintain, organize, advertise, or sell or furnish tickets for a special event or 23 permit the subject property to be used for any special event without first obtaining a 24 special event permit. Special events include, but are not limited to, sales events where 25 merchandise, goods, or vehicles are displayed for sale on the property, political functions, 26 fundraising events by non-profit entities, and events featuring motivational or educational 27 speakers. The Special Event Committee may expressly grant a minor variance of 28 conditions specific to individual special events.
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1 2 16. Surveillance Monitoring: Should permittee install a video surveillance monitoring 3 system, the video system shall be capable of recording a clear view of all areas of the subject property including, but not limited to, parking lots, walkways, corridors, all sides 4 of buildings, the perimeter landscape and grass areas. Recordings shall be retained for a 5 minimum of 30 days. Copies of recordings will be provided to the Colton Police 6 Department upon request. 7 8 17. After hours Contact Information: Permittee will ensure after hours contact person 9 information is kept current and on file with the Colton Police Department dispatch center. Ideally there should be several responsible persons available to respond in case of 10 emergency; each should be a key holder with knowledge of alarm reset codes, available to 11 respond within 20-30 minutes, and of sufficient authority to facilitate a board up or other 12 emergency repair measures. 13 14 18. Right of Access: Permittee shall grant “right of access” to the City of Colton and its 15 employees or agents for the purposes of monitoring compliance with these Conditional Use Permit conditions, patrolling, investigating crimes, and enforcing laws and ordinances 16 on the subject property. Permittee shall grant “right of access” to the City of Colton and 17 its employees or agents to remove graffiti and to determine if the applicant is in 18 compliance with these conditions. 19 20 BUILDING DIVISIOIN: 21 19. Shall comply with the latest adopted edition of the following codes:
22 California Building Standards Code (Title 24, California Code of Regulations) Building Code 23 and its appendices and standards. The 2019 edition of the California Codes, which becomes 24 effective for all permit applications submitted on and after January 1, 2020 up to December 31, 2022. 25 a) Building Code 26 b) Building Security Code 27 c) Electrical Code 28
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1 d) Energy Efficiency Standards 2 e) Fire Code 3 f) Green Code g) Mechanical Code 4 h) Plumbing Code 5 i) Residential Code 6 j) City of Colton Municipal Code 7 8 20. Any temporary building, trailer, commercial coach, etc. installed and/or used in 9 connection with a construction project shall comply with City Code and Regulations.
10 21. Applicant shall submit tenant improvement plans for review and approval prior to 11 construction and occupancy. Tenant improvement plans shall show furniture arrangement 12 and all life safety components. (I.e. Accessible path of travel, aisles, emergency lights, and 13 emergency exit sings, exits, etc.) 14 15 22. All signs shall be Underwriters Laboratories, Listed or equal
16 23. Prior to final inspection, all plans will be placed on a CD Rom for reference and 17 verification. Plans will include all project revisions and changes to original design. The 18 CD will also include the projects energy calculations (Title 24) structural calculations, all 19 additional supporting documents and all other pertinent information. It will be the 20 responsibility of the developer and/or the building or property owner(s) to bear all costs 21 required for this process. The CD will be presented to the Building and Safety Division 22 for review and approval prior to final inspection and building occupancy. The CD will become the property of the Colton Building and Safety Division at that time. 23
24 25 26
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ATTACHMENT 3` T
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