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For Lemna/Federal Agriculture Gully Erosion Site in Calabar, Cross River State SFG1692 V40 Federal Republic of Nigeria Public Disclosure Authorized THE NIGERIA EROSION AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECT (NEWMAP) Final Report of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for Lemna/Federal Agriculture Gully Erosion Site in Calabar, Cross River State Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Submitted To State Project Management Unit (SPMU), Calabar Cross River State Public Disclosure Authorized November, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents i List of Tables iii List of Figures v List of Acronyms vi Units of Measure viii List of ESMP Preparers ix Executive Summary x CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Description of the Proposed Intervention 2 1.3 Rationale for ESMP 2 1.4 Rationale for the Study 3 1.5 Scope of Work 4 CHAPTER TWO 5 INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 5 2.1 Federal Policy, Legal, Regulatory and Administrative Frameworks 5 2.2 Institutional Framework 6 2.3 World Bank Safeguard Policies triggered by NEWMAP 7 2.4 Comparison between Nigeria EIA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines 7 2.5 International Conventions and Agreements 9 CHAPTER THREE 11 BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 11 3.0 Introduction 11 3.1 Study Area/Description of Gully Site 11 3.2 Physical Environment 14 3.2.1 Climate and Meteorology 14 3.2.2 Topography 18 3.2.3 Geology 19 3.2.4 Soil 20 3.2.5 Surface Hydrology 26 3.2.6 Groundwater 26 3.3 Biological Environment 28 3.3.1 Ecosystem 28 3.3.2 Vegetation 28 3.3.3 Inventory of Economic Crops 30 3.3.4 Fauna and Wildlife Resources 31 CHAPTER FOUR 33 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSULTATIONS WITH STAKEHOLDERS 33 4.1 Socio-Economic Survey Methodology 33 4.1.1 Data Collection and Sampling Methodology 33 4.2 Socio-Economic Characteristics of Respondents 34 i 4.3 Public and Private Assets within the Project Corridor 36 4.4 Housing Characteristics in the Project Area 37 4.5 Source of Energy 39 4.6 Grievance Redress Mechanisms 39 4.7 Other Concerns from Public Consultations, IDIs, FGDs and Community Meetings 40 CHAPTER FIVE 41 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 41 5.1 Impact Assessment Methodology 41 5.1.1 Impact Identification 41 5.1.2 Impact Prediction 41 5.1.3 Impact Evaluation 42 5.1.4 Method for Determining Receptor Sensitivity 42 5.2 Positive Impacts Associated with the Proposed Rehabilitation of the Lemna/ Federal Agriculture Gully Erosion Site 43 5.3 Potential Adverse Impacts of the Proposed Project 44 5.3.1 Pre-Construction Phase 44 5.3.2 Construction Phase 44 5.3.3 Operations and Maintenance Phase 50 5.4 Project Alternatives 57 5.4.1 Site Alternatives 57 5.4.2 Project Development Alternatives 57 CHAPTER SIX 61 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 61 6.0 Introduction 61 6.1 Mitigation Measures 61 6.1.1 Pre-construction Phase 61 6.1.2 Construction Phase 63 6.2 Institutional Arrangements, Responsibilities and Accountabilities 85 6.2.1 Pre-construction Phase 85 6.2.2 Construction Phase 86 6.2.3 Operational and Maintenance Phase 87 6.3 Training Programmes 88 6.4 Impact Mitigation Measures Control and Surveillance 89 6.5 Implementation Schedule 90 6.6 ESMP Costing and Cost Analysis 90 6.7 ESMP Disclosures 91 CHAPTER SEVEN 92 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 92 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 93 APPENDICES 94 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Relevant Federal/State Policies, Legislation, Regulations and Guidelines 5 Table 2.2: World Bank Safeguard Policies Triggered by NEWMAP and those triggered by Lemna/Federal Agriculture gully erosion proposed project 7 Table 2.3: International conventions, agreements and protocols to which Nigeria is signatory and applicable to the Cross River State NEWMAP in the Lemna/Fed. Agric. Gully site 8 Table 3.1: Ambient Air Quality Results 16 Table 3.2: Geographic Coordinates of the Air Quality Samples 17 Table 3.3: Environmental Noise Levels for the Project Area 18 Table 3.4: Physico-Chemical Properties of Top Soil (0 -15 cm) 21 Table 3.5: Physico-Chemical Properties of Sub-Soils (15 -30 cm) 22 Table 3.6: Geographic Coordinates of the Soil Samples 22 Table 3.7: Basic and Heavy Metal Concentrations of the Top Soil (0–15 cm) 23 Table 3.8: Basic and Heavy Metal Concentrations of the Sub-soil (15–30 cm) 23 Table 3.9: Geographic Coordinates of the Surface Water Samples 25 Table 3.10: Physico-Chemical Parameters of Surface Water Samples from the Project Area 25 Table 3.11: Concentrations of Cations and Anions in Surface Water Samples 26 Table 3.12: Heavy Metal Concentrations in Surface Water Samples 26 Table 3.13: Comparison of the Borehole Ground Water Quality with the World Health Organization (WHO) Standards for Potable Water 27 Table 3.14: Geographic Coordinates of the Groundwater Samples 27 Table 3.15: List of Crops and Fruits Planted in the Project Area 30 Table 3.16: List of Economic Crops and Trees 30 Table 3.17: List of Bird Species recognized in the Project Area 31 Table 3.18: Butterfly Taxonomy in the Project Area 32 Table 4.1: Details of the Sampling Methodology and the Questionnaires Administered 34 Table 4.2: Socio-Economic Characteristics of Respondents 34 Table 4.3: Public and Private Assets within the Project Corridor 36 Table 4.4: Type of Materials in the Building and Tenure Systems 38 Table 4.5: Source of Energy for Various Uses 39 Table 5.1: Probability of Occurrence, Consequence Severity, Likelihood Ranking and Risk Matrix 42 Table 5.2: Noise Emission Levels for Various Types of Construction Plant 46 Table 5.3: Potential Impacts of Disruption to Public Utilities 47 Table 5.4: Characterization and Evaluation of Potential Impacts Pre-Construction Phase 51 Table 5.5: Characterization and Evaluation of Potential Impacts Environmental Impacts in the Construction Phase 52 Table 5.6: Characterization and Evaluation of Potential Impacts for the Biological Impacts in the Construction Phase 53 Table 5.7: Characterization and Evaluation of Potential Impacts for the Socioeconomic Impacts during Construction Phase 54 Table 5.8: Characterization and Evaluation of Potential Impacts for the Public Health Impacts during the Construction Phase 55 Table 5.9: Characterization and Evaluation of Potential Impacts for Operation Phase 56 Table 5.10: Appraisal of Alternatives 59 iii Table 6.1: Mitigation Measures for Pre-Construction Phase 62 Table 6.2: Mitigation Measures for the Environmental Impacts in the Construction Phase 64 Table 6.3: Mitigation Measures for the Biological Impacts in the Construction Phase 72 Table 6.4: Mitigation Measures for the Socio-economic Impacts in the Construction Phase 74 Table 6.5: Mitigation Measures for the Public Health Impacts in the Construction Phase 78 Table 6.6: Mitigation Measures for Operation Phase 81 Table 6.7: Institutional Capacity Strengthening Plan 89 Table 6.8: Monitoring Programmes 89 Table 6.9: ESMP Implementation Schedule 90 Table 6.10: Cost Analysis of the Lemna/Federal Agriculture Gully Erosion ESMP Implementation 91 iv LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 3.1: The image map of the Niger Delta indicating Cross River State and the Lemna/Federal Agriculture gully erosion site 11 Fig. 3.2: Erosion and Watersheds of Calabar 12 Fig. 3.3: Lemna/Federal Agriculture gully erosion outlay with the road network and other roads in the area 13 Fig. 3.4: Annual precipitation and temperature characteristics of the project area 15 Fig. 3.5: Monthly frequency of occurrence of sea breeze days 16 Fig. 3.6: Ambient Air/Noise Sampling Points. 17 Fig. 3.7: The Distribution of Noise Sampling Points in the Proposed Project Area 18 Fig. 3.8: Geology of Southeastern Nigeria with Constituent Formations 19 Fig. 3.9: The Calabar Flank and Associated Formations 20 Fig. 3.10: Textural Classification of Soil from the Project Area 21 Fig. 3.11: Soil Sampling Points 22 Fig. 3.12: Surface Water Sampling Points 25 Fig. 3.13: Groundwater Sampling Points 28 Plate 3.1: The Gully Erosion Alignment and Channel at Federal Agriculture Staff Quarters 14 Plate 3.2: Vegetation of the Project Area 29 v LIST OF ACRONYMS AIDS - Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome ARAR - Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements BAT - Best Available Technology BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand CBO - Community Based Organizations CITES - Convention on the Prevention of the international trade in Endangered Species COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand CSOs - Chief Security Officers DO - Dissolved Oxygen EA - Environmental Assessment EES - Environmental and Social Specialists EHS - Environmental, Health and Safety EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EO - Environmental Officer ESIA - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EMS - Environmental Management System ESMF - Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP - Environmental and Social Management Plan FEPA - Federal Environmental Protection Agency FGD - Focus Group Discussion FGN - Federal Government of Nigeria FI - Financial Intermediary FMEnv - Federal Ministry of Environment FPMU - Federal Project Management Unit FRN - Federal Republic of Nigeria FRSC - Federal Road Safety Commission GHGs - Greenhouse Gases GPS - Global Positioning System GRA - Government Reserved Area H2S - Hydrogen Sulphide HIV - Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus HND - Higher National Diploma HSE - Health, Safety and Environment IDI - In-Depth Interviews ITCZ - Inter Tropical Continental Zone IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature KII - Key Informant Interviews ISO - International Standard Organization LGA - Local Government Area MDAs - Ministries, Departments and Agencies M&E - Monitoring and Evaluation MEPU - Ministry of Environment and Public Utilities
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