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Do Parque Natural Das Lagoas De Cufada (Guiné-Bissau) Boletín Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, nº 44 (2009) : 401–416. ECOLOGIA E DIVERSIDADE DAS BORBOLETAS DIURNAS (LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIOIDEA E PAPILIONOIDEA) DO PARQUE NATURAL DAS LAGOAS DE CUFADA (GUINÉ-BISSAU) Luis F. Mendes1, S. Consciência2 & A. Bivar-de-Sousa3 1 Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT-IP), JBT, Zoologia, R. da Junqueira, 14, 1300-343 Lisboa, Portugal – [email protected] 2 Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT-IP), R. da Junqueira, 86 - 1º, 1300-344 Lisboa, Portugal – [email protected] 3 Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, Apartado 8221, 1800-001 Lisboa, Portugal – [email protected] Resumo: Nesta nova contribuição para o conhecimento dos lepidópteros da Guiné-Bissau são apresentadas conclusões rela- tivas à ecologia das espécies que se sabe ocorrerem no Parque Natural das Lagoas de Cufada (PNLC) e discute-se a sua ri- queza, densidade e diversidade e as semelhanças entre as áreas UTM com dez quilómetros de lado ocupadas pelo Parque; o PNLC é uma zona protegida da Província de Quinara, considerada área húmida de importância internacional pela Convenção de Ramsar. Palavras chave: Lepidoptera, Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea, ecologia, diversidade, Guiné-Bissau, Cufada. Ecología y diversidad de las mariposas diurnas (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) del Parque Natural de las Lagunas de Cufada (Guinea Bissau) Resumen: En esta nueva aportación al conocimiento de las mariposas diurnas de Guinea Bissau se presentan conclusiones relativas a la ecología de las especies señaladas del Parque Natural de las Lagunas de Cufada (PNLC) y se discute su rique- za, densidad y diversidad y las similitudes entre las áreas UTM con lados de diez kilómetros ocupadas por el Parque; el PNLC es una región protegida de la Provincia de Quinara, considerada área húmeda de importancia internacional por la Convención de Ramsar. Palabras clave: Lepidoptera, Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea, ecología, diversidad, Guinea Bissau, Cufada. Ecology and diversity of the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) of Cufada Lagoon Natural Park (Guinea-Bissau) Abstract: In this new contribution to the knowledge of the butterflies of Guinea-Bissau, conclusions are presented on the ecol- ogy of the species known from the Cufada Lagoons natural park (PNLC); their richness, density and diversity as well as the similarities between the ten square kilometre UTM areas occupied by the Park are discussed; the PNLC is a protected area of Quinara Province and considered as a Ramsar site. Key words: Lepidoptera, Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea, ecology, diversity, Guinea-Bissau, Cufada. Introdução Estudos recentes relativos à lepidopterofauna da Guiné- Entretanto, atendendo ao interesse biológico da área, Bissau (Bivar-de-Sousa & Mendes, 1999; Bivar-de-Sousa et havia sido aprovado em Novembro de 1997 o Projecto al., 2007; Bivar-de-Sousa, Consciência & Mendes, 2008; «Parque Natural das Lagoas de Cufada» integrando a União Bivar-de-Sousa, Mendes & Consciência, 2008; Consciência Europeia (EU) e a União Internacional para a Conservação et al., 2008, 2009; Mendes & Bivar-de-Sousa, 2003, 2006 e da Natureza (UICN), os então Instituto para a Cooperação Mendes et al., 2007, 2008) permitiram um claro aumento do Portuguesa (ICP), Instituto de Conservação da Natureza conhecimento sobre as borboletas diurnas (Lepidoptera: (ICN) e Instituto Nacional de Investigação Científica (INIC) Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea, os ropalóceros) que ocorrem por parte de Portugal, bem como a Direcção Geral do naquele país mas também, e em especial devido ao volume Ambiente (DGA) e o Instituto Nacional de Estudos e do material examinado, sobre as que voam no Parque Pesquisa (INEP) por parte da Guiné-Bissau – a componente Natural das Lagoas de Cufada (PNLC), área protegida com científica foi atribuída ao Instituto de Investigação cerca de 700 km2 na província de Quinara, no centro-oeste Científica Tropical (IICT) em Lisboa. Tal abriu caminho à do país (Fig. 1). Esta região começou a ser encarada desde realização dos trabalhos de campo que em parte estiveram meados do século passado como apresentando grande na origem das publicações sobre ropalóceros acima importância sob o ponto de vista faunístico (Frade et al., referidas, bem como de numerosas outras contribuições que, 1946) e cinegético (Ferreira, 1948) e foi considerada (in embora nem sempre publicadas, são fundamentais para o Scott & Pineau, 1990) “Zona Húmida de Importância conhecimento da fauna, da flora e da ecologia do Parque; Internacional” pela Convenção de Ramsar. Apesar da sua várias foram apresentadas em reuniões científicas importância impar como zona húmida e da proposta para a (internacionais e nacionais) quer na forma de painéis quer legalização da sua protecção apresentada por Pessoa & como comunicações orais: Baessa-de-Aguiar (2002, 2004, Cavaco (1990), só veio a receber oficialmente na década 2006), Baessa-de-Aguiar & Mendes (2004), Consciência seguinte o estatuto de Parque Natural, em conjunto com os (2005), Crawford-Cabral & Veríssimo (1997), Crespo et al. Parques do Cacheu e do Orango (Anónimo, 2000). (2006), Luna-de-Carvalho (2001), Mendes & Baessa-de- 401 Fig. 1. O Parque Natural das Lagoas de Cufada na Guiné-Bissau e em África (segundo Baessa-de- Aguiar, 2004). gica da unidade de Zoologia do IICT (CZ); os obtidos pelo co-autor júnior no decurso das deslocações realizadas sob o patrocínio da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, estão depositados na sua colecção pessoal (BS). Apesar de o PNLC se estender por 15 quadrados UTM com 10 km de lado (todos no fuso 28P, Fig. 2), as áreas ocupadas em 6 deles (DU70, EU00, EU01, DT79, DT78 e DT88) são reduzidas sendo, para mais, de acesso complicado; assim, os estudos apenas foram Aguiar (2002), Mendes & Bivar-de-Sousa (2002), Pinheiro realizados nos outros 9 quadrados, correspondentes, (2002, 2004), Rosa & Crespo (2004) e Rosa et al. (2001, todavia, à quase totalidade da superfície do PNLC. Foram 2002); contribuições anteriores relativas à fauna de também tomadas em consideração as raras citações vertebrados da área serviram também de base ao bibliográficas de outros autores referentes aos escassos planeamento do referido Projecto, nomeadamente as de dados anteriores relativos à área do Parque. Na maioria dos Araújo (1994), Araújo et al. (1998), Crawford-Cabral casos, foram obtidas amostras em 2-3 localidades por (1990a, b), Ferreira (1948), Limoges (1989), Poorter & quadrado com excepção da parte mais oriental do PNLC Zwarts (1984) e Scott & Pineau (1990). Os trabalhos sobre (um só local prospectado em cada um dos 3 quadrados) e do a flora e a vegetação foram sumarizados por Catarino quadrado ET09 em que foram realizadas capturas em 6 (2002) que posteriormente coordenou a publicação das listas estações de colheita distintas; em cada quadrado de dez das espécies de plantas superiores e briófitos do PNLC quilómetros de lado, as localidades em que foram realizadas (Catarino et al., 2006a, b). Estudos da geologia e solos capturas/observações são as que constam do Quadro I – devem-se a Ramalhal (1998) e a Milho-da-Conceição para as suas coordenadas aproximadas, ver Mendes et al., (2001) e análises de índole mais geral sobre o Parque a 2007. Costa et al. (1999a,b, 2001). Estado actual do conhecimento Material e métodos Actualmente são reconhecidas no PNLC 117 espécies de As colheitas de insectos realizadas ao longo do PNLC no ropalóceros. Destas, 16 são de Hesperiidae (53.3 % das decurso das missões zoológicas desenvolvidas no âmbito do conhecidas do país) das quais 10 foram referidas pela Projecto atrás referido foram programadas de modo a tentar primeira vez para a área (Bivar-de-Sousa & Mendes, 1999, cobrir a maior parte dos biótopos existentes na área Mendes et al., 2007); 7 são de Papilionidae (77.8 % das (Consciência, 2005; Consciência et al., 2009) tendo, na assinaladas na Guiné-Bissau) de que 3 foram apontadas maioria dos casos, sido repetidas em cada visita ao PNLC como novas para o Parque (Bivar-de-Sousa & Mendes, nos mesmos 22 locais adiante referidos no Quadro I; com 1999; Mendes et al., 2007); 15 são de Pieridae (68.2 % das raras excepções, foram levadas a cabo com esforço de do país), de que 7 foram assinaladas pela primeira vez no captura semelhante, correspondente a 20-30 minutos de PNLC (Bivar-de-Sousa & Mendes, 1999; Mendes & Bivar- amostragem por local, sempre entre povoações ou pelo de-Sousa, 2006; Mendes et al., 2007); 30 são de Lycaenidae menos em áreas periféricas, afastadas portanto dos centros (58.8 % das espécies conhecidas na Guiné-Bissau), de que urbanos – foram evitados os pontos visivelmente 16 foram assinaladas como novas na área (Bivar-de-Sousa degradadas e as zonas completamente agricultadas e sem & Mendes, 1999; Mendes & Bivar-de-Sousa, 2003; Mendes vegetação natural em torno das povoações. As amostragens et al., 2008); e 48 são de Nymphalidae (56.5 % das da das superfamílias Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea foram Guiné-Bissau), 31 das quais nunca tinham sido referidas sempre directas, realizadas com rede entomológica fina para o PNLC (Bivar-de-Sousa & Mendes, 1999; Bivar-de- clássica, com excepção da de um exemplar de Sousa, Consciência & Mendes, 2008; Bivar-de-Sousa, Ypthimomorpha itonia, atraído ao princípio da noite a uma Mendes & Consciência, 2008 e Consciência et al., 2008). armadilha luminosa de lâmpada de vapor de mercúrio Destas últimas, uma é um Danainae, 10 são Satyrinae (6 implantada a cerca de 6.9 km ao norte de Buba Tombo na novas para o Parque), 3 Charaxinae (todas novas para a estrada para
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