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Rozvoj a Historické Aspekty Tanečního Stylu Street Dance

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Rozvoj a Historické Aspekty Tanečního Stylu Street Dance MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Fakulta sportovních studií Katedra gymnastiky a úpolu Rozvoj a historické aspekty tanečního stylu street dance Bakalářská práce Vedoucí bakalářské práce: Vypracovala: Mgr. Jindřiška Kohoutková Nikola Krahulcová Animátor sportovních aktivit Brno, 2014 PROHLÁŠENÍ Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci na téma „Rozvoj a historické aspekty tanečního stylu street dance“ vypracovala samostatně s využitím literatury a informací, na něž odkazuji. V Brně dne 28. února 2014 podpis ……………. PODĚKOVÁNÍ Děkuji především vedoucí práce Mgr. Jindřišce Kohoutkové za metodické vedení práce, Mgr. Ladislavu Kabátovi a Sabině Škodové za poskytnutí odborných podkladových materiálů. OBSAH ÚVOD ................................................................................................................. 6 1. OBECNÁ DEFINICE A HISTORIE TANCE ........................................... 8 1.1. DEFINICE TANCE .........................................................................................8 1.2. HISTORICKÝ VÝVOJ TANCE .................................................................... 10 1.2.1. Pravěk .................................................................................................... 10 1.2.2. Starověk ................................................................................................. 11 1.2.3. Středověk ............................................................................................... 12 1.2.4. Novověk ................................................................................................ 12 2. FILOSOFIE POULIČNÍCH TANCŮ ...................................................... 14 2.1. Vznik a vývoj mezi lidmi ............................................................................... 14 2.2. Vliv na člověka .............................................................................................. 15 2.3. Crew, jam, choreografie a battle ..................................................................... 15 3. HISTORIE TANEČNÍCH STYLŮ STREET DANCE ........................... 18 3.1. AFROAMERICKÁ KULTURA .................................................................... 18 3.2. LATINSKOAMERICKÁ KULTURA ........................................................... 19 3.3. TAP DANCE (Harlem- New York) ............................................................... 19 3.4. JAZZ DANCE (New Orleans) ....................................................................... 20 3.4.1. Lindy hop (Harlem- New York) ............................................................. 21 4. FUNK STYLY - OLD SCHOOL (60. -70. léta) ....................................... 23 4.1. LOCKING (Los Angeles) .............................................................................. 24 4.1.1. The Lockers ........................................................................................... 25 4.2. BOOGALOO (Kalifornie) ............................................................................. 27 4.3. POPPING (západní pobřeží USA) .................................................................. 27 4.3.1. Electric Boogaloo style .............................................................................. 28 4.3.2. The electronic Boogaloo Lockers ............................................................... 29 4.3.3. The Electric Boogaloos .............................................................................. 29 5. OLD SCHOOL (od 60. až 70. léta 20. st.) ................................................ 31 5.1. BROOKLYN UPROCK (Brooklyn- New York) ............................................ 31 5.2. B-BOYING (Bronx- New York) .................................................................... 32 5.2.1. The Rock Steady crew ............................................................................ 33 5.3. HIP HOPOVÁ KULTURA ............................................................................ 34 5.3.1. DJ Kool Herc ......................................................................................... 36 5.3.2. Afrika Bambaataa .................................................................................. 37 6. DOZNÍVÁNÍ OLD SCHOOL A PŘECHOD NA NEW SCHOOL (Přelom 70. a 80. let 20. století) ........................................................................ 38 6.1. WAACKING (Los Angeles) .......................................................................... 38 6.1.1. Tyrone Proctor ....................................................................................... 40 6.2. HUSTLE (New York) .................................................................................... 41 6.2.1. Ball room style Hustle ............................................................................ 42 6.2.2. Freestyle Hustle ..................................................................................... 42 6.2.3. New style Hustle a Jeff Selby ................................................................. 43 7. NEW SCHOOL (od 80. let 20. století) ...................................................... 44 7.1. HOUSE DANCE (Chicago a New York) ....................................................... 44 7.1.1. House steps- OLD SCHOOL .................................................................. 47 7.1.2. House steps- MIDDLE SCHOOL ........................................................... 48 7.1.3. House steps- NEW SCHOOL ................................................................. 49 7.1.4. House Dance Conference ....................................................................... 49 7.2. LOFTING (New York) ................................................................................. 49 7.3. FOOTWORK (Chicago a Detroit) .................................................................. 51 7.4. VOGUE (New York) ..................................................................................... 52 7.4.1. Old way - Performance........................................................................... 52 7.4.2. New way ............................................................................................... 53 7.4.3. Vogue Femme ........................................................................................ 53 7.4.4. Will Ninja .............................................................................................. 53 7.5. HIP HOP DANCE (New York) ...................................................................... 54 7.5.1. Hip hop OLD SCHOOL, 80. léta ........................................................... 55 7.5.2. Hip hop MIDDLE SCHOOL, roky 1990-1997 ...................................... 55 7.5.3. Hip Hop NEW SCHOOL, od roku 2000 ................................................. 56 7.6. CLOWNING (Los Angeles od 90. let) .......................................................... 58 7.7. KRUMP (Los Angeles) .................................................................................. 59 7.8. CRIP WALK (Los Angeles) .......................................................................... 61 7.9. DANCEHALL (Jamajka) .............................................................................. 62 7.9.1. Ragga (od 1985) ..................................................................................... 63 7.9.2. Dancehall Funk ...................................................................................... 64 ZÁVĚR ............................................................................................................. 65 SEZNAM POUŽITÉ LITERATURY: ............................................................ 67 RESUMÉ .......................................................................................................... 70 ÚVOD Práce „Rozvoj a historické aspekty tanečního stylu street dance“ se zabývá vývojem tanců, jež můžeme pokládat za městský folklor a které většinou vznikaly pod vlivem tehdejších hudebních trendů v tančírnách převážně chudinských čtvrtí amerických velkoměst. Oficiálně vznikají od 70. let 20. století a dále se rozvíjí ve světě i v současnosti. Jedná se o historické aspekty, vlivy a souvislosti, které ovlivnily vývoj a směřování každého tanečního stylu, co patří pod souhrnný název „street dance“. Zájem o toto téma zapříčiňují tendence aktualizovat neustále se měnící informace u nás v České republice a uvádění závádějících vědomostí z druhé ruky na pravou míru. Vzkřísit či znovu obrodit zájem o tolik důležitou historii těchto tanečních stylů. Street dance se k nám do České republiky dostává až po revoluci a největší boom zažívá právě u nás v posledních dvaceti letech. Vznikají školy, infrastruktura, periodika, vyhraňují se představitelé jednotlivých tanečních stylů. V České republice neustále vzniká nespočet tanečních skupin a organizací, které se pokouší o povznesení tohoto tance do oblasti většího kulturního povědomí ve školství, v umění, ale i v obecných společenských sférách. Sjednávají se taneční veletrhy, campy, utváří se mnoho performancí, pravidelně se konají taneční soutěže, přehlídky, víkendové semináře a workshopy pro pokročilé i pro veřejnost. Tuzemští příznivci tanečního stylu street dance hledají oporu v pramenech z předchozích let, aby svá tvrzení o kvalitách tanečních stylů street dance obhájili jako svébytné umění, které hovoří o kořenech a o postupném vývoji street dance ve světe. V současné době se samozřejmě objevuje stále více materiálů zabývající se tématikou street dance. Dnes je třeba vyhledávat jedinečné a pravdivé zmínky o street tancích vytříbeně a odděleně. Dosud k tématice „Rozvoj a historické aspekty street dance“ neexistuje ucelená literatura.
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