DOCSLIB.ORG

Canadian Biography

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Canadian Biography CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY: A.ttorney-Gereral, came one day to our sub- Though achieving many brilliant successes, 15. He was the second son of Mr. once he found disaster, when in 1873 the lacdonald, who lived originally in ieet and said, " Tour turn has come at last, Macdonald." He became Receiver-General, Legislature declared him guilty of cor- sh of Dornoch, Sutherlandshire, but rupt collusion with Sir Hugh Allan in a ly in life removed to Canada. When but after a brief period assumed the man- o-ement of Crown Lands, where, in a short transaction relating to the construction of igration movement began in 1820, a the Canadian Pacific llailway; but whether gh Macdonald and his family (John time he reduced much confusion to har- mony. But in 1849 the reformers under Mr. this most successful and able statesman ier being then in his fifth year) took was guilty of the charge laid at his door for British North America. Me. Baldwin and M. Lafontaine were triumph- ant- and during the riot and incendiarism of or not, the people forgave him, and in laid settled near Kingston, then the 1878, with loud acclamation, took him bank iportant town in Upper Canada ; and that year we see Mr. Macdonald's figure and hear some of his impassioned utter- again to power. Sir John has always ssiding here for upwards of four years, stood in high regard in the mother coun- lily moved to Quinte Bay, leaving ances. On the downfall of the Hincks-Morin Cabinet, he became Attorney-General- try, and in 1879 was sworn in a member Alexander, then in his tenth year, at of Her Majesty's Privy Council. In 1865, in Kingston. The lad was placed at West, under the leadership of Sir Allan MacNab, but this ministry becoming un- he received the honorary degree of D. 0. L. •yal Grammar School, under the tui- from Oxford University; he also received Dr. Wilson, a fellow of Oxford Uni- popular, both in and out of Parliament, it r was forced to resign, and Mr. George Brown the degree of LL. D. from Queen's Uni- , and subsequently under that of Mr, versity, Kingston; and is likewise a D.C.L. 3 Baxter. After he had entered his was called upon to form a Cabinet. He undertook the task, but the Governor- of the University of Trinity College, To- ith year, his father took him away ronto. Although he is now well advanced ichool and articled him in the office of General having refused him permission to dissolve the House and appeal to the coun- in years, he does not seem to have lost any e Mackenzie, where he applied himself of his old vigour; friends press more closely ntly to study of the law. When he try, he, after a few days, resigned, and the old ministry was recalled to power. After around him, and the circle of his admirers . to practise law, there were heard the seems to grow larger every day. Since 1878 autterings of the storm soon to break a short time, however, Sir Allan was rele- gated to the sick-room, and John A. Mac- he has been instrumental in accomplishing the country; and the year following, several important acts of legislation, notable iers of disaffected persons, in Lower donald appeared as leader of the Upper Canada section, that ambitious and perse- among those being the project, now nearly ia under Papineau, and in Upper Can- completed, of building the Canada Pacific inder William Lyon Mackenzie, rushed vering spirit, George E. Cartier, leading the Lower Canada division. Then came Railway. Sir John resides at Stadacona ly to arms. A body of hunters, as the Hall, Ottawa, and his social responsibilities Iers were called, under the command of the period of transition, during which poli- tical events seem to pass before the eye like are shared with admirable grace and success le named Von Shoultz, crossed from the by his talented and exceedingly popular wife, rican side over to Prescott, but Shoultz objects in the kaleidoscope. There was a wide gulf between Upper and Lower Canada, Lady Macdonald. The following are some of captured, and his followers .killed and the measures of legislation accomplished by ;rsed. Courts-martial were established though for a lengthy period John A. Mac- donald in his own personality spanned the the right hon. gentleman since his en try into mdon and Kingston, and at the latter public life : The secularization of the clergy Shoultz and his accomplices were tried chasm. The seeds of discontent had borne fruit, and public sentiment was in a feverish reserves; the extension of the municipal sys- their crimes. Young Macdonald was tem; reorganization of the militia; the re- isel for the unfortunate Pole, and by the state of unrest. Then came Sandfield Mac- donald upon the scene as premier, but his organization of the civil service; the ratifi- and force of his address attracted wide cation of the Washington treaty; confeder- 3e. In 1844, during the most intoler- administration crumbled away as if it had been reared on sand. The Tache-Macdonald tion of B. N. A.; the construction of the portion of Lord Metcalfe's rule, Mr' Intercolonial llailway ; the extension and idonald was elected for Kingston, de (John A.) administration followed, but its tenure of life hung by the slimmest thread, consolidation of the Dominion; the National ing Mr. Manahan. On first entering the Policy; and the measure for the construction slature, he sat unmoved at his desk and eventually it survived only by the mercy of those who were really its enemies. It was of the Canadian Pacific Railway. le the frays for which that period of par- 1 out of this dead-lock, or the " fatal balance Young , Saiime! Sqnf er, Trenton, was aentary history was remarkable went on, born at Brampton, on the 7th November, raking," says a gentleman who remembers of parties," that grew the impulse for a con- federation. A coalition was formed, of which 1852. His father was born in Northum- ing seen him there, "half careless and berland county, in 1808. and is descended f contemptuous. Sometimes in the thick George Brown, Oliver Mowat, and William MeDougall, on the part of the reformers, from U. E. Loyalists. He married a native the melee he was busy in and out of the were members. Thereafter the figure of of Connecticut, U. S. When our subject rary. I scarce ever remember seeing him John A. Macdonald stands boldly out. It was born his father was a Methodist minis- in about the House that he was not search- was he who led and shaped the movement, ter stationed at Brampton, and Samuel was ; up some case either then impending or and conducted negotiations in the maritime the youngest of seven boys. He was edu- come up at a later date. He was for a provinces and in England; andin recognition cated at the High School, where he matricu- 3at part of his time, too, buried in a study z constitutional history." His first speech °* his eal and service he was called to lead lated. He studied law at various times in is in reply to the Hon. Robert Baldwin, ^.rst administration under confederation, a lawyer's office, but owing to failing health and had a knighthood conferred upon him. he was obliged to abandon the profession, d though it was daring, it was based on a ills career since that date is fresh in the and took to his present business, that of .de foundation of common sense. During memories of most who watch public events. •wholesale grocer, entering into partnership .e last days of toryism, Mr. Draper, the J.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ontario: the Centre of Confederation?
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2018-10 Reconsidering Confederation: Canada's Founding Debates, 1864-1999 University of Calgary Press Heidt, D. (Ed.). (2018). "Reconsidering Confederation: Canada's Founding Debates, 1864-1999". Calgary, AB: University of Calgary Press. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/108896 book https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca RECONSIDERING CONFEDERATION: Canada’s Founding Debates, 1864–1999 Edited by Daniel Heidt ISBN 978-1-77385-016-0 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. COPYRIGHT NOTICE: This open-access work is published under a Creative Commons licence.
    [Show full text]
  • History 3231F
    THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Autumn 2012 HISTORY 3231F “Yours to Discover”: A History of Ontario Roger Hall Time: Wed” 1:30-3:30 Lawson Hall 2228 Place: STVH 2166 [email protected] The course is a survey of Ontario’s rich and varied past commencing with its founding as the colony of Upper Canada in the aftermath of the American Revolution and stretching to the modern day. Conducted in the form of a workshop with instructor and students both participating, a chronological frame is followed although individual sessions will pursue separate themes revealing the changing politics, society and economy. Each session, of which there will be two per weekly meeting, will include a brief introduction to the topic by the instructor, and then a verbal report prepared by a student, followed by questions and discussion. Assigned readings should make the discussion informative. Readings will be from prescribed texts, internet and library sources and handouts. There will be no mid-terms in this course. Reports will be made by students throughout the course; the essay themes can be the same as the reports—needless to say a superior performance will be expected in written work. There will be ONE essay and a final examination. GRADE BREAKDOWN Reports: 30% General Class Participation: 20% Essay 25% Final Exam 25% TEXTS: Randall White, Ontario, 1610-1985 (Toronto, Dundurn Press). Edgar-Andre Montigny and Lori Chambers, Ontario since Confederation, A Reader (Toronto, University of Toronto Press) R. Hall, W. Westfall and L. Sefton MacDowell, Patterns of the Past: Interpreting Ontario’s History (Toronto, Dundurn Press).
    [Show full text]
  • "The Laws Are Like Cobwebs": Popular Resistance to Authority in Mid-Nineteenth Century British North America
    Dalhousie Law Journal Volume 8 Issue 3 Article 6 10-1-1984 "The Laws Are Like Cobwebs": Popular Resistance to Authority in Mid-Nineteenth Century British North America Michael S. Cross Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/dlj Part of the Criminal Law Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Michael S. Cross, “"The Laws Are Like Cobwebs": Popular Resistance to Authority in Mid-Nineteenth Century British North America” (1984) 8:3 DLJ 103. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Schulich Law Scholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dalhousie Law Journal by an authorized editor of Schulich Law Scholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "The Laws Are Like Cobwebs": Popular Resistance to Authority in Mid-Nineteenth Century British North America Michael S. Cross* The three men began their work on the morning of 26 January 1850. They were in the snowy street of the village of St.-Grrgoire le Grand, on the St. Lawrence south shore, to assess the population for school taxes. Hardly had they begun when they were confronted by a mob of three hundred angry men who ordered them to stop, tore up and burned their assessment books, and warned them not to attempt to carry out the government's work. A week later, on 2 February, the assessors went to the grand jury of the Court of Queen's Bench at Trois Rivi~res, seeking an accusation for rioting against the ringleaders of the St.- Grgoire resistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Francis Collins First Catholic Journalist in Upper Canada
    CCHA Report, 6(1938-39), 51-66 Francis Collins First Catholic Journalist in Upper Canada BY THE REV. BROTHER ALFRED, F.S.C., LL.D. Francis Collins, the first Catholic Journalist in, Upper Canada,1 friend of liberty and free institutions, advocate of responsible government, founder, proprietor and editor of the “Canadian Freeman,” was born at Newry,2 County Down, Ireland, in 1801. He was endowed by nature with a keen mind and he enjoyed the benefits of a fair education in the Irish schools of the day. On the close of the Napoleonic wars, British sailing vessels were released for trans-Atlantic service, with the result that an ever-rising tide of Irish emigration set in. Following its current, which had already carried many of his oppressed countrymen to larger opportunities and brighter prospects in the new world, Francis Collins sailed for America in 1818. Destiny led him to Upper Canada to the town of York,3 whose foundations had been laid by Lt. Gov. John Graves Simcoe a quarter of a century before, in the year 1796. Already men of Irish blood were making their presence felt on the banks of the Don. After the failure in Ireland of the rebellion of 1798 and the dispersion of the “ United Irishmen,” many members of that organization and their sympathizers fled to America. Not a few found their way to Upper Canada, where, in York, they immediately set up an active agitation for the reform of the government of the province of Upper Canada. They were the real founders of the Reform Party.
    [Show full text]
  • The Day of Sir John Macdonald – a Chronicle of the First Prime Minister
    .. CHRONICLES OF CANADA Edited by George M. Wrong and H. H. Langton In thirty-two volumes 29 THE DAY OF SIR JOHN MACDONALD BY SIR JOSEPH POPE Part VIII The Growth of Nationality SIR JOHX LIACDONALD CROSSING L LALROLAILJ 3VER TIIE XEWLY COSSTRUC CANADI-IN P-ICIFIC RAILWAY, 1886 From a colour drawinrr bv C. \TT. Tefferv! THE DAY OF SIR JOHN MACDONALD A Chronicle of the First Prime Minister of the Dominion BY SIR JOSEPH POPE K. C. M. G. TORONTO GLASGOW, BROOK & COMPANY 1915 PREFATORY NOTE WITHINa short time will be celebrated the centenary of the birth of the great statesman who, half a century ago, laid the foundations and, for almost twenty years, guided the destinies of the Dominion of Canada. Nearly a like period has elapsed since the author's Memoirs of Sir John Macdonald was published. That work, appearing as it did little more than three years after his death, was necessarily subject to many limitations and restrictions. As a connected story it did not profess to come down later than the year 1873, nor has the time yet arrived for its continuation and completion on the same lines. That task is probably reserved for other and freer hands than mine. At the same time, it seems desirable that, as Sir John Macdonald's centenary approaches, there should be available, in convenient form, a short r6sum6 of the salient features of his vii viii SIR JOHN MACDONALD career, which, without going deeply and at length into all the public questions of his time, should present a familiar account of the man and his work as a whole, as well as, in a lesser degree, of those with whom he was intimately associated.
    [Show full text]
  • Responsible Government Backgrounder Use This Backgrounder to Support the Activities in Historica Canada’S Responsible Government Education Guide
    Responsible Government Backgrounder Use this backgrounder to support the activities in Historica Canada’s Responsible Government Education Guide. Definitions Confidence (of Parliament): The principle that a government must have the support of the elected members of the assembly to remain in office. The government must have the confidence of parliament to pass laws, budgets, and taxes. A government is expected to resign or seek the dissolution of Parliament and call a general election if confidence is lost (usually through a vote of non-confidence). Family Compact: A name used to describe the network of people who dominated the legislative, bureaucratic, business, religious and judicial centres of power in Upper Canada (Ontario) from the early- to mid-1800s. Members of the Family Compact held largely conservative and loyalist views and were against democratic reform and Responsible Government. Château Clique: The counterpart of the Family Compact in Lower Canada (Québec). They were mostly wealthy anglophone merchants. Oligarchy: A form of government where power is held by a small, exclusive group, often from a dominant class or clique. Assimilation: Causing a person or group to become part of a different society, country, etc.; the process by which a person acquires the social and psychological characteristics of another group. biographies Robert Baldwin, an anglophone from York (present-day Toronto), entered politics in 1829. Not a friendly or charismatic man, he commanded political respect through his strength of character and his moral uprightness. This led him to sacrifice his interests before those of the institutions he believed in: he resigned political office more than once rather than compromise his principles.
    [Show full text]
  • Acter More Attractive Than That of Thomas Moss. Mr. Read
    CHIEF JUtiTICE THOMAS MOSS. 105 The author of " The Irishman in Canada " finds no char­ acter more attractive than that of Thomas Moss. Mr. Read, in his LiA-es, as he sketches his brilliant but brief career, "feels a poignant sorrow for the loss of so many friends." ... "It is not, hoAvever," he Avrites, '' within the compass of the Avork I have in hand to compose an elegy; even had I the ability to make elegiac verse or poetic measure, I Avould not indulge the senti­ ment. This is a prosaic, not a poetic age. It is well to conform to the condition of things as we find them." In his school and university AIoss Avas always primus, carrying off many prizes and medals. At Osgoode Hall he was successively Examiner, Lecturer and Bencher. He Avas devoted to his alma mater, and was tAvice elected Vice-Chancellor, while EdAvard Blake Avas the Chancellor. At the Bar he soon won his way and generally had a sheaf of briefs. He was twice elected to the Dominion Parliament by the citizens of Toronto, among whom his boyhood had been spent. The high character and cul­ tivation of other Canadian Judges are referred to in this volume, but none of them Avill lia\'e a more lasting fame, or be more dear to the intelligent Canadian, than Thomas AIoss. On the day folloAving his decease. Air. Justice Burton, sitting in the Court over Avhich the late Chief had presided, paid a touching tribute to his memory, saying in part, " His loss is too recent, and my appreciation of it too keen to permit me to make more than a passing reference to his personal and social qualities.
    [Show full text]
  • NATIONAL HISTORIC SITES Ontario Region NATIONAL HISTORIC SITES Ontario Region Published Under the Authority of the Minister of the Environment Ottawa 1980
    Parks Pares Canada Canada NATIONAL HISTORIC SITES Ontario Region NATIONAL HISTORIC SITES Ontario Region Published under the authority of the Minister of the Environment Ottawa 1980 QS-C066-000-BB-A1 © Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1980 Design & Illustrations: Ludvic Saleh, Ottawa INTRODUCTION One of the most effective ways to stimulate popular interest and understanding of Canadian history is to focus attention to those specific locations most directly associated with our history. Since 1922, the Federal government has erected plaques and monuments on the recommendation of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada to commemorate persons, places or events which are of national historic signifi­ cance. Locations where such commemorations take place are called national historic sites. There are now almost 800 of these sites in Canada, of which more than 200 are in Ontario. This booklet is intended to introduce the reader to those elements of Canadian national historical heritage singled out for commemoration in Ontario. For your convenience, the sites are listed alphabetically as well as by County. iv BACKGROUND INFORMATION The Historic Sites and Monuments proposals. Board of Canada is an advisory body to The Board is assisted by Parks Canada the Minister responsible for Parks through studies of broad historical Canada and acts as an "Independent themes and research on specific per­ Jury" in determining whether persons, sons, places or events. In addition, places or events, are of national historic Parks Canada will co-operate with local, or architectural importance. provincial and territorial governments It is normally comprised of 17 members: and other interested groups, including 14 representatives from the 10 provinces local historical societies, in making and two territories (2 each from Ontario arrangements for formal ceremonies to and Quebec and one each from the re­ unveil a plaque or monument.
    [Show full text]
  • Lafontaine and Baldwin 19Th Century Politicians Fought for Made-In
    LaFontaine and Baldwin 19th century politicians fought for made-in-Canada democracy. Dateline: Tuesday, March 01, 2011 by Mel Watkins A new and splendid little book, a genuine gem by John Ralston Saul, may help take your mind off the dreariness of federal politics today, by telling you about little known years of yore when Canadian politics was remarkably creative. It's part of the Extraordinary Canadians biographical series edited by Saul himself. The title is admittedly not a grabber: Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine and Robert Baldwin. If you haven't heard of these gentlemen, it's not your fault. They are two forgotten Canadian politicians from the middle of the 19th century, a francophone Catholic and an anglophone Protestant who worked together, in defiance of the lords of the British Empire, our own Montreal-based Anglophone elite and the bigots of the Orange Lodge, to create democracy in Canada that was actually Canadian-style. An eloquent case study that shows Canadians are capable of thinking outside the box of empire — and should try doing it more often. Saul's resurrection of these two turns out to yield a book that is pure gold for students of Canada. For the big question that Saul requires us to ponder is: how do we go about thinking about Canada, the better to know why we are the way we are, in this place? This may seem like a silly question asked only by people who think too much. The point is, it matters whether our mind is mostly cluttered with ideas from elsewhere, all too often claiming to be universal but actually imperial.
    [Show full text]
  • 37131055415426D.Pdf
    MESSAGE I . , . ,.M.- q1t . - I ' .... '1:. '.:; His' E~cellency Sir Francis Bond Head, LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR OF UPPER CANADA: IN ANSWER TO THE ADDRESS OF THE ~OUSIJ or ASSBMBI.Y, OF THE 5th FEBRUARY, 1836, WITH SUNDRY DOCUMENT.S, REQUESTED EY THE Ordered b)' the Houee of A.lembl)' to be printed . • 1836. MESSAGE PROM Hi. EI~ellency Sir Francis Bond Bead, LIEL'TENANT GOVERNOR OF UPPER CANADA: IN Al~SWER TO THE ADDRESS OF THE BOUSI: or ASSEMBJ.Y. OF THE 5th FEBRUARY, 1836, WITH SUNDRY DOCUMENTS, REQUEST~D BY THE Douse in said Addres8. Ordered by the House of Assembly to be prioted. TORONTO: M. REYNOLDS. '.0 • 1836. o ,_ , of ,0' ME SSAGE. F. B. HEAD, The Lieutenant Governor transmits to the House of Assembly, the following answer to its address of the 5th instant: It appears to the Lie'!tenant Governor . IteMs oont.a.iMd 1ft that this address contams , 1st. A state- addreSi. ment of the opinions of the House on various subjects ot high importance to this Province. ~lld. A request that the Lieutenant Gover­ nor should himself give the House cer­ tain explanations. Srd. A request that the Lieutenant Gover­ nor should transmit to the House copies of certain documents and despatches which are mentioned: The Lieutenaut Governor assures the HiB Exe'y will at. ' It" teDtivelJ cunsider. H ouse 0 f A ssem bly, t la every opmlOn stated in their address, shall receive his attentive and deliberate consideration. With respect to the explanations, as also the copies of the documents and despatches which the House of Assembly has requested from the Lieutenant Gover­ nor, he wiII now proceed to consider these :mbjects, seriatim, in the order in which they appear in the address.
    [Show full text]
  • Shaping the Public Memory of Sir John A. Macdonald in Ontario and Quebec, 1891-1967
    The Old Chieftain’s New Image: Shaping the Public Memory of Sir John A. Macdonald in Ontario and Quebec, 1891-1967 by Yves Y. Pelletier A thesis submitted to the Department of History in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada December 2010 Copyright © Yves Y. Pelletier, 2010 Abstract Sir John A. Macdonald has been a political figure frequently referenced in Canadian history. Yet no study has explored the evolution of his public memory. This study provides a focused examination of the attempts by Canada’s federal political parties to shape Macdonald’s public memory. The period of study began immediately following the death of Sir John A. Macdonald on June 6, 1891 and continued until the Centennial Celebrations of Confederation in 1967. The study first aims to identify and analyze events and activities organized or supported by Canada’s federal political class which provide opportunities to shape Macdonald’s public memory. The study then explores through the lens of official memory their motivation to engage in his commemoration and to shape his memory in specific ways. The objective of this study is to answer two specific research questions. The first asks if Canada’ federal political leaders were interested and successful in shaping Macdonald’s public memory during the period of study to allow the emergence of a seemingly national hegemonic figure acceptable to both political parties. The second asks if the federal political parties’ attempts to depict Macdonald as a unifying national symbol were picked up in the media in Ontario and Quebec and in both official languages, thereby reinforcing his hegemonic status for the federal political class.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Oliver Mowat, a Biographical Sketch
    HON. OLIVER MOWAT, Q.C., LL.D. Premier of Ontario, 1 872-1 89<> SIR OLIVER MOWAT Q.C., LL.D., G.C.M.G., P.C. A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH BY C. R. W. BIGGAR, M.A., ONE OP HIS MAJESTY'S COUNSEL, ETC. 'A young country does well to take careful note of all that is best in its past. The figures in the history may or may not be of heroic stature the work done may or may not be on a grand scale. But it is foundational work, the significance of which grows with the lapse of time. Fortunate the State which, looking back upon its early builders, finds their characters stumped with the unquestioned hall-mark of truth and honour finds their actions controlled by clear purpose and high principle. As an example and an inspiration, the memory of such builders cannot be too carefully preserved or too closely studied.' Dr. George R. Parkin, Preface to tfie Life of Sir John Beverley Robinson. VOLUME II TORONTO WARWICK BRO'S & RUTTER, Limited 1905 to the Canada Entered according Act of Parliament of , in the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, in the year One Thousand Nine Hundred and Five, by -Charles Robert Webster Biggar, M. A TORONTO : WARWICK BRO'S A RUTTER, Limited Printers and Bookbinders. Of CONTENTS OF VOL. II CHAPTER XVI AFTERMATH Page 459 'Not one stick of timber, one acre of land,' etc. The Queen v. Me St. Catharines Milling Company (The Indian Title Case) The Act respecting Assignments and Preferences (1885) The General Elections of 1886 The Mowat Government 'slaves of '' the hierarchy Protestant Boys to the Rescue' (of Martin J.
    [Show full text]