Initial Report on the Implementation of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
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RÉPUBLIQUE DE MADAGASCAR INITIAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AFRICAN CHARTER ON THE RIGHTS AND WELFARE OF THE CHILD REPORT PRESENTED BY MADAGASCAR YEAR 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................... i LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND MAPS ..................................................................... viii LIST OF ANNEXES ......................................................................................................... ix PART ONE : GENERAL CONTEXT OF THE COUNTRY ............................................... 1 1. Geographic situation.............................................................................................. 1 2. Climate and vegetation .......................................................................................... 1 3. Administrative subdivision ..................................................................................... 1 4. Demographic situation ........................................................................................... 3 5. Economic, social and cultural contexts .................................................................. 3 a. Economic indicators ...................................................................................................... 3 b. Social indicators ............................................................................................................ 4 c. Malagasy cultural policy .............................................................................................. 12 6. Political information ............................................................................................. 12 7. Constitutionnal evolution ..................................................................................... 14 PART TWO : IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLES OF THE AFRICAN CHARTER ON THE RIGHTS AND WELFARE OF THE CHILD ............................................................ 15 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 15 a. Obligation of Member States (Article 1) ...................................................................... 15 b. Report preparation process ........................................................................................ 16 2. General measures of implementation .................................................................. 17 c. The Constitution .......................................................................................................... 17 d. Discourage cultural practices which are incompatible with the Charter ...................... 18 e. National mechanisms for the respect of children’s rights ............................................ 18 f. Popularisation of international instruments ................................................................. 19 3. Definition of the Child .......................................................................................... 19 4. General principles................................................................................................ 20 a. Non-discrimination ..................................................................................................... 20 b. Best interests of the child (Article 4) ........................................................................... 22 c. The right to life (Article 5) ............................................................................................ 22 5. Civil rights and freedoms ..................................................................................... 23 a. Name and nationality .................................................................................................. 23 b. Freedom of expression................................................................................................ 25 c. Freedom of association ............................................................................................... 26 d. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion ............................................................. 26 e. Protection of privacy ................................................................................................... 26 f. Protecting children against abuse and mistreatment ................................................... 27 6. Family environment and alternative care ............................................................. 31 a. Parental responsibility (articles 20 and 20.1) ............................................................... 31 b. Separation from parents (articles 19.2 and 3 and 25) .................................................. 32 c. Family reunification and children deprived of family environment (Art 25.2. a) ........... 33 d. Protection of the child (Art 18.3) ................................................................................. 34 i e. Adoption and periodic review of the child’s placement (Art 24) .................................. 34 f. Abuse, neglect, child exploitation including physical and psychological rehabilitation and social integration of the child (Art 27) ......................................................................... 35 7. Basic health and welfare ..................................................................................... 38 a. Survival and development of the child (Article 5.2) ..................................................... 38 b. Disabled children (Article 13) ...................................................................................... 38 c. Health and health services (Article 14) ....................................................................... 45 d. Social security and services and facilities for child development et (Article 20.2 (a-c)) 52 e. Care for orphans (article 26) ....................................................................................... 52 8. Education, leisure and cultural activities .............................................................. 54 a. Eduction, including vocational training and guidance (article 11) .............................. 54 b. Loisirs, les activités récréatives et culturelles (article 12) ............................................ 57 9. Special protection measures ............................................................................... 58 a. Children in emergency situation .................................................................................. 58 b. Children in conflict with the law .................................................................................. 59 c. Children of imprisoned mothers .................................................................................. 62 d. Les enfants en situation d’exploitation et d’abus ........................................................ 63 e. Children victims of harmful, social and cultural practices affecting the welfare, dignity, normal growth and development of the child .................................................................... 67 f. Children from a minority group (article 26) .................................................................. 69 g. Children in need of special protection from being under conditions and situations of risk and vulnerability, such as street children and HIV / AIDS orphans (article 26) .............. 69 10. Responsibility of the Child ................................................................................. 70 a. The parents, the family and the community (article 31) .............................................. 70 b. The State and the continent (article 31) ...................................................................... 71 ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................... a ii LIST OF ACRONYMS ACD : The Reach Every District Approach ACN : Community Nutrition Agent AFID : Integrated Functional Literacy Development AGEMAD : Improvement of Education Management in Madagascar AGOA : African Growth Opportunity Act AID : Indoor residual spraying AME : Exclusive breastfeeding ANJE : Infant and Young Child Feeding APD : Official Development Assistance Ar. : Ariary ASAMA : School Extra Action for Malagasy Teenager ASAMA : School Extra Action for Malagasy Teenager Bacc : Baccalauréat BEPC : Junior secondary cycle Certificate CAID : Indoor residual spraying campaign CAM : Apparatus Centre of Madagascar CAP : Certificate of Professional skills CBM : Christoffel Blindemission CCC : Communication for Behaviour Change CCL : Local Competitive Bank CDE : Convention relative aux droits de l’enfant CEG : General Education College CENI-T : Independent National Electoral Court of the Transition CEPE : Primary School Elementary Certificate CERD : International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination CES : Special Electoral Court CFA : Apprentice Training Centre CLTS : Community Led Total Sanitation CM : Primary school level CNPE : National Child Protection Committee CNTEMAD : National Centre for Distance Education of Madagascar CONABEX : National Commission for Foreign Scholarships CPN : Pre-Natal Consultation CRENAS : Centres for Recovery and Outpatient Nutritional Education CRENI : Centres for Recovery and Intensive Nutritional Education CRINFP : Regional Centre of the National Institute of Educational Training iii CRLTE : Regional Committee for