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AUTHOR Carr, John C.; And Others. TITLE Lakota Indian Dance Theatre. Cuesheet for Students. INSTITUTION John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Washington, D.C. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 95 NOTE 13p.; Photographs and illustrations may not reproduce adequately. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Instructional Materials (For Learner) (051)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *American Indian Culture; American Indian History; Cultural Activities; Cultural Education; *Cultural Enrichment; *Dance; Elementary Secondary Education; *Lakota (Tribe); Learning Activities; Sioux (Tribe); Theater Arts IDENTIFIERS Dance Companies; *Spirituality

ABSTRACT This performance guide provides students with an introduction to Lakota Sioux history and culture and to the dances performed by the Lakota Sioux Indian Dance Theatre. The Lakota Sioux believe that life is a sacred circle in which all things are connected, and that the circle was broken for them in 1890 by the massacre at Wounded Knee. Only in recent timesis the circle becoming whole again as American Indians struggle to achieve self-determination and renew their heritage. Sioux legends and histories have been collected and published. Old skills are being used again. Dance is a central part of life, expressing belief in spirits, nature, and the relationship of all things to one another. Eight dances performed by the Lakota Sioux Indian Dance Theatre are described, along with their purposes and significance. The guide includes information about the dance company, pointers to enhance appreciation of the performance, suggestions for related student activities, and a list of related reading materials and videos. (JAT)

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4 inmimusemsg*' ---r?,-,.--7- ' '14,4; r'" A 4 ono 7 .111, r7-71 ;7: :7) :TT THE LAKOTA SIOUX: A RICH HISTORY COLUMBUS made Native Americans once lived throughout what is now the United States. in misi-ake whetA he Welcome to Cuesheet, i-he vtatives 1492, when Columbus arrived in the Americas, there were about two one of a series of o.P tiori-k America million Native Americans living in 300 tribes. performance guides "los. kddos." He According to scientists, published by the the ancestors of Native Americans N'elieved `oy Education Department came to North America from Siberia at least 20,000 sat1413 west. 4v0VA of the John F. Kennedy years ago.During the Ice Age, the sea level dropped:causing a land Europe -Pow evioujHA Center for the bridge to appear at the Berintrait. Huntirtg..buffal9and woolly he would arrive Performing Arts, mammoth, they crossed theVridgi. Natiie lAirtericans believe their somewhere 4, Asia. Like oi-her Washington, D.C. This . ancestOrs aktiays lived on this cOntinenr" Europeoms, he did Cuesheet is designed to l_agenumberCz'ithative Americanlivedon the Great'Plains. The Sioux kvtow be used before and along the Mississippi River as Med thereince#1600s.TheAsaRed Americas exist-ed. after attending a drniers and hunters in places that today are the states of Minnesota, Because he performance by the Wisconsin, and lowa.When they were defeated by their American Indian i-koulki- he was Lakota Sioux Indian enemies and when white settlers seized their land,the Sioux had t..he ItIdiowt Dance Theatre. You may to leave their farms and.hunting grounds and Oceom whevi he use Cuesheet alone or lowtded al- Sow; wander in search of a new home.Eventually,they with others. Some of the Salvador IslavAd reached the Great Plains and learned to lead nomadic lives, moving from suggested activities in it +-he Bahama will be more interesting place to place in search of food. lslomds, he called, if they are done with Farming, forests, and lakes were i-he people he wtei- classmates, friends, or forgotten as the Sioux "los Ihdtos family members. learned to live in an

1CIPP "ocean of grass': WHArS IN CUESHEET? The Lakota Sioux: A Rich History, page 2 Spirits and Myths, page 5 dances and the Circle THE GREAT of Life, page 6 PLAINS cover The Lakota Sioux more 1-how; 1,500,000 Indian Dance square mtles The Theatre, page 8 i-erroth, a 4-1Ae Looking and Great- Plaths vowtes.

Listening, page 9 - li- has vast-

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page 10 . hills, suck as Fhe The Buffalo: A Valued BiOleg- Hills, whtch Friend, page 12 owe t-he sacred. cerelmoblial oyoumcks You May Want To..., oP i-he Sioux. page 12 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 3 ^

THE NAMES which Native AtmeYicovA 1-yi`oes were .5ivev i-o i-heth exployers emd, set-i-lers. The twat Ckippew.ak coIled Ike SictAx 41.1111 "NatdewistAe" (),- dety-wee-soo),I-he woyd. -Foy "liH-le sokke," wieemivtg evtemy." FyetAch ex-ployeys had( sayivtg i-ke vtaWote Olvtd skoyi-evtedti- "Siohx." The Siohx owe cohiposed o-P 4-k,ree py4Icipokl lovnohotse T'01APS The Sioux were one of the'30 tribes that lived on the Great Plains.They rnith di.P-Peve$1. potyi-s oP i-he soon became fierce warriors and buffalo hunters. From 1830 until 1870, the Siouxwere the most powerful Plains Pak() 4,at, cold Indians. Netkot-m. Tlney Unfortunately, contact with white settlers meevri "i-ke people." brought the Sioux great misery:Settlers took the Sioux landand built fences

. .around it to keep out other settlers and to prevent the .,- Sioux from reclaiming it.The , United States Government made treaties with " Native Americans HERE ARE MANy< guaranteeing their ownership of fascinating land. Unfortunately, all those details concerning The.,

treaties were brokenby Battle of Wounded -.

tne Government. Many Siouxdied of diseaseslike smallpox and Knee. Research and ... RESERVATIONS measles, which the settlers brought with them and to which the Sioux were explain what role,the cwe 1,1;Aces sei- not immune. Many Siouxdied in battleSwith army troops sent to played in . aside 1,, -Federal the battle, why the_ control them. Like other Native Americans, they wereforced to live cAvck battle happened, and. in povertyon reservations. 3overvtmeni-s -PoY what its res Its Were. For the Sioux, the final devastating massacre of theii people occurred lhoki;Avts Fo live ovt. Tkere Okre c%0X5UI'' in 1890 at the Battle of Wounded Knee, when almost 250 men, women, 300 yeserveki-iom and children were killed by United States soldiers.The Lakota Sioux believe locoti-ed 4, '34 that thesacred circle of life was brokenfor them at that s4eati-es. battle, and it is only in recent times that the circle is becoming whole again. BEST COPYAVAILABLE :11 - v. ?...4.11) - .2* _1 :"

THE SACRED PIPE is t-he inHE NAMES of many ob3eci-s 11 places in the United i-ke Sioux. The States have American oday, Lakota Sioux continue to live on reservations in North and woockevc emel Indian names. Some of. South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, and Montana. Some live in pipesi-otke bowl. them are: Canada. However, many Lakota Sioux live, as other Americans do, Potomac (River), represelgi- 4.-tAe in urban communities throughout the country.Today Manhattan, Ameyicak lndiatk's T there are about 1.900.000 Native Americans Chicago, body. The 1-cbacco living in the United States. Appalachia, sok i-he bowl Since 1924, when Indians were recognized as American citizens, their and Mississippi. represeki-s 001 livi lives have gradually improved. But their struggle Identify places in the T'eevi i-hih3s. The goes on. New homes and roads are being city or state where you smoke covAes built on reservations.There are new live that have Indian .Prom 4-he pipe rep- and better schools. Over 30 tribal names. Find out resevki-s {-he breoki-k colleges and universities what the names oi-he people, okyld throughout the , mean. Make a small 'Li- cowries prayers F0 dictionary of them. country offer vslokkoklk Tookkok, {-he programs which Cyeati-or. include the study of Native American heritage. PART OF THE "e4.:,;'Its-. LAND i-okkeh More and moreAmerican OME FAMOUS -Pro i-he Indians are claiming 4?Lakota Sioux Lakoi-a Sioux.is fhe their civil rights.The leaders wereChief Blokclg. Hills oP Sou,Fh American Indian Movement (AIM) Sitting Bull, Chief Red Dokkot-a, 1-kely and other reservation-based Cloud, Chief Black Elk, sacred ceremoYtial organizations have helped to bring Chief Crazy-Horse, and srouolds. rke ni`oe Chief Sp`otted TaiL Find vAed i-he thkii-ed about change. "Self-determination," out why they are , Sfai-es f;overvkweiAl- by which Indians decide how they remembered. Alone or -Por e i-tAyvt will use the natural resources on with othrs, make a pay+ cyt which the reservations and make other booklet in which you NO oke lives. il"IST decisions for themselves, has i-he Goverksm.eni- include their become important. okdv.kii-i-ed if woks biogrhies and The Sioux are sharing more and utrovkokYtot oPPered pictifres. Donate your. more of the pride they feel about , 41. , i-o poky millic%ks oc booklet to the school dollars fo 1-he l-ribe. their heritage. Sioux legends and library or media center. 'The Sioux ye.Pused histories have been collected and i-he movtey e6i, published. Old skills are used ;Appealed i-he again.The Lakota Sioux Indian 'they wThi- c.tly Dance Theatre shares an ancient fheir sacred lowid culture through rituals, songs,.and rei-Lkylked. By 1114 Prayer to the Buffalo '.O decisiok had dances presented to audiences bee,4 Yeackee1. throughout the world. . 5 BEST CopyAVA,A 13LE ?bik : II otb. .411, .M11,' re, 4 s °'"k Tr ORM AND MYTHS SPIRITS The Sioux pray to the Great Spirit, Wakan Tanka, who created the sacred circle of life on earth.They believeWakan Tanka THE SIOUX re staved: i-he eaqe i-he gave power to all things. mosi- pot.ve4k1 oc Native Americans believe that special biYds. They also powers were given to many different t beheve has animal spirits, such as the eagle, deer, hawk, ivApoy+-alvt- And buffalo.Many times animal ,elisiou,s 00.44; ,-;.1 -10is*ireall0.upon si3vti-Pi- t I vision coukce. SecaLAse qs il- COM 4-ly 0A14.1,11mlymmtfaiM evioiActh i-o vlisappeow around 12 Eagle Dance %nekind, cloLAds, years of i-he SiotAx believe age was carefully prepared by tribal elders and . . i-he easle a medicine man to go on the first of many vision comvALivticati-es quests. He would go to a quiet and lonely place to 11 pYmyeYs i-ke 4 oYeai- Walcav, fast, taking with him the sacred pipe.Through the Tavika. The tmosi- vision quest he hoped to receive a message from sacYed -Peai-keys Wakan Tanka and to gain wisdom covAe -Pyov4 1-ke and strength to help him be a "11

11 ea3ie. Eot&e good member Peai-keys aye used the impor- of the iv% kNOVe \,(VMe i-s, ahd, t feathers to the tribe, as ?ay.+ o-P ekahce Laka Sioux. What is a and to cosi-tAwtes. "coup"? Why was understand his place in the circle of life. If the boy had a vision, he told it to counting coups the medicine man, who interpreted it for him. important to warriors? Make a set of drawings. : MYTHS showing how feathers Myths are traditional stories passed along through oral tradition. Some were worn by the SiOux myths explain how things came to exiSt. Some myths tell about gods and to show their bravery heroes. Some myths tell why people and animals behave the way they do. and accomplishments in. battle. MEDICINE MENave Different groups of people tell different myths, but many of them are people who hcAve sjrnilar throughout.the world. WRITE A POEM yeceived speciod Lakota Sioux myths teach thathumans are a tiny part that expresses heolhIl powey Pyoh, of a large and mysterious universe.They also help . the respect Lakota WaltokYt explain the sacred circle of life. Prayer, expressed through ritual and Tkey are fhe Sioux feel for the eagle. ceremony, is the way to make sure that life on earth is good. spirituml leadeys o-P Among the responsibilities of the wise men of the tribe was to be Fhe keepers-of tribal memories, including myths. They were also responsible for passing on how to perform rituals and ceremonies. BEST COPY A1AILABLE 1;;;- r erairr" . 1 the way of . DAWESCIRCLEDance is a central ANDOF part LIFE ofthe THE life of the Lakota the hoop dance- When is aabout personTin lifethe HOOP of all Native DANCE Americans. celebrates One legend says does the hoop dance he is sacred circle that THEflattenperformed GRASS a grassy DANCEthe area dance where is were also a specialadmired called event because The Grass Flattening Dance. Thetakes dancers place. In the past,when those they who danced they cleansed and ..to oneinSioux another.They spirits, peoPle.They nature, dance and dance tothe share relationship to express traditions. theirof aR belief things that are connected within acknowledgingit. the sacred circle and all the things sweetgrasspurifiedGreat theSpirit.tdday,.dancers oncircle the in which they wear danced:The yarn movement, dancers' leggings, are an offering to the Earth Mother and on.their leggir* instead of sweetgrass. in combination with the to the wowsTheyto enjoy danceto celebrate themselves. to honor their people.They culture. And dance they ind-,nce pow- Native American dancers THE WOMEN'S THE BUFFALO DANCE honors . .. , _ Tanka.theydance dance the.Great in to expresshonor theirSpirit. of beliefs, Walcan to share When SHAWLrequires DANCEdancers to ... :t.;,...i...tAtie-anima that 'gave t e Lakota Sioux food, Shelter, and-other means. of survival:Ws dance .the thetraditions,standing tribe are or around partto honor of thethe people, circledance. in allEven which the themembers the people dances of improvisement to move-unusually was originally perforined by members of . cl.reatnedbf the babies,are.performedeveryone people helps mayare the part chat dancers of and it. MothersgOssip, by-praying but may and hold fastdanceImportant drum are beats. thein the 4uffalo in their vision quests. . 'allshouting the 'approvalmembers and applauding. of the Intribe that Way,. shawlswomen'scasins.Theleggings and fringed andbeaded w men oc- , k ...)-4',- 'participate in the dance. When the.dancers.perform in front 6f 1.4b Oblr .aildiences in theaters, thing. s:are different.The imitatemove their ea a ms to 11 THE SNEAK UP DANCE reenacts a , dincersSincetelling are theyaboiit sharing perform their historytheir on a traditiOns stage to nontribai rathei with than audiences. ant. .witraSha ion enemies.battle.The dancers depict warriors stalking their . in.ihe sacred circle on their reservations, a was1940s inve aq .dances.arenarratorsothateveryone the.audienCe performed understands explains forwill other understandtheir the Lakotameaning cianees Sioux,them.When because THE EAGLE DANCE is a prayer iO the Great Spirit.The . they haveLikota grown Sioux up Indian participating Dance Theatre,in them. the narratorAT THE PERFORMANCE of the dancertlesoaring imitates asks of for the a eagle'seagle,blessing acry. onsyMbol the people of the as.he Great imitates SitThe thewhis- ,,,, .also'will discuss explainand beliefs irnportantldeas the meaningof the Lakota of about.theeach SioUx.The dance. history HedancerS will will THE WOMEN'S TRADITIONAL DANCE honors Earth. In Lakdta Sioux traditidn, sometimes,singmanyinembe'rs kinds will of whiledancesplay thethey performed flute.and dance.Some drum.Thereby. the Lakota are womenwomen, are who admired represent as theMother bringers of peace and harmony. THEcirde.Theand ROUND women Round danceDANCE Dance together. is isone a friendship Itof is the related most dance to significant the for hoop all people of dances the nationto joinin which andin to thecomplete men sacred describedSioux Indian oh Dancethese pages. Theatre. A few of them are - BEST COPY AVAILA13.k.__LE 7 , A Q., mut tuth the sacred circle of life and to help keep all things on earth in balance. 84sibirniA :2 ,

THE LAKOTA SIOUX Narrator INDIAN DANCE t- THEATRE

The Lakota Sioux Indian Dan( Theatre, I produced by The Solaris Lako Project, tours with approximately 12 to 15 Amer can Indians who perform dances, songs. and ceremonies that have been part of their culture for centuries. gailiA The Dance Theatre shares its work by traveling throughout the world. The member's of the com- pany areeager for everyone to see the le-f419 beauty of their culture. 0

The Lakota Sioux indian Dance Theatre was founded on the Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota in 1978. Henry Smith, the artistic director, worked closely with Sioux leaders, who helped him decide what dances to perform and how to present them for both Indian and nontribal audiences. Mr. Smith is not an American Indian, but he has been so devoted to learning about and sharing the cultuie through the dance of the Lakbta Sioux that he has been adopted by some tribal famihes. He became interested in Lakota Sioux dance traditions when he was teaching dance in a school on a South Dakota reServation. The r, arrator is a respected Above: . elder and storyteller:Sometimes the 4 Pk. Right: Men's narration is provided by Albert White Hat, who Traditional Dance. helped make the film "Dances With.Wolves." Sometimes it is provided by Lance White Magpie, a descendant of Chief Crazy Horse, or by Marian One Star, a consultant on tribal customs,

The musicians in the company are Gabe DesRosiers, the lead singer of Northern Wind, a group that performs at many powwows, and Brian Akipo, a traditional flute player. Lead dancers are Marian One Star, Jessie Spotted Tail, Grace Her Many Horses, Leon Thompson, Lance White Magpie, and Lillian and Ron Good Eagle. BEST COPYAVAILABLE

fo LOOKING AND LISTENING Attending a perforrnance by the Lakota Sioux Indian Dance Theatre will be interesting and enjoyable for everyone if you

REMEMBER.... the dances allow us to experience some- thing about the Lakota Sioux way of life. the dances are about such things as the sacred hoop, thebuffalo, and the eagle. that the Lakota Siotix believe that dance is an important part of the sacred circle of life. dance must be watched closely in order to see the patterns of movement.

WATCH... A DANCE hoW the dancers use the' space of the stage:. that expresses one place or many; cloSe together or far something you are apart. grateful fon Choose 4.how the dancers' movements are usually -music that goes well closeto the ground. with your dance.

+ how the dancers start and stop exaL.,., on .Practice the dance. . the beat. Perform it for class- . 44. hOW the.dancers show energy: fast, slow; mates, friends, or your faTily. Explain to calm, ekiting. . - them what you are for objects Such as eagle 'feather fans and. grateful for and why. . horse dance siicks. :

LISTEN... IWAGINE that you Ulare a dance critic tor 44 how the drum , beats fit the .danceS. a newspaper or magazine. Write.a for.the one 200-word review ofi. special time in each the Lakota Sioux dance when fOur beats Indian Dance Theatre.. are sounded loudly and Tell what dances were. thedancers turn four performe.d and what times. (The four beats they mean. Offer your represent the four opinion about how directions of the compass, well they were which are part of the sa'cred *performed and how circle of life.) they made you feel.

Round Dance for rhythms. for singing. BEST COPY AVAILABLE FAMILY, COMMUNITY, AND NATURE'S CYCLE FAMILY STRUCTURE Members of the traditional Lakota Sioux tribe lived in close-knit families. The work of both men and women was necessary to the survival of the

family. However, they had different responstilities. VIOHAT ARE FOURT Men fought and hunted. They.were responsible 41 IMPORTANT for the ceremonies and-rituals. They also VIRTUES you want to . prepared young men fOr their viion quests. develop? Draw a Women raised the children and taught shield divi ed into THE FOUR MOST them the Four Great Virtues.of Life.Women fou ions. Write IMPORTANT also grew crops, made tepees and one quality in each HUMAN clothing, and cared for the sick. sectiort. Then drama QUALITIES -Coy 'picture for each Ft Ae LakoinA .Flimilies passed on ,quality that explains. Slow< were tribal beliefs and what the quality Yeatvevy skills for survival. means to you. owid In this way, Lakota Sioux made Pov+iilAde, sure that the circle of life would ,gevIerosih, continue. avid wisci ese Lakota Doll, 1880. we're cadlle fbilkow atel Denver Art Museum it.te GY-eatt- Viri-tAes oP Eack viyi-u;e is gralitiik cohvteci-ed 1-6 oflAers. A1 -PcitvAily tmevAbeys si-rive64 .Por wort-hivess ealCh

commtnarv III The Lakota Sioux community was made up of groups of many families.Each group was an extended family of fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, grandparents, cousins, uncles, and aunts. Men and.women had different jobs, but they worked together for everyone's benefit." BEST COPYAVAILABLELir4f,gooto NATURE'S CYCLE

TO Na II`de - Americans.the seasons were . part of the great circle of life.Ihe Sioux did not IdAKE A WAll.k- tell time by the sun, as we g\fiCALENPAR do, but by the moon.lha 'using the Lakota.- Siouxnames of thea,,--,, .iamed the changing moons to moons of the year.; describe seasonal - _IllustrateLwhat_the___ SPRING began in our month of April and was _names mean. Mark known as 'Moon of the Lim of Euffajo Ca'Ne)." I:1 the spring, families left PEMMICAN ts your birthday'and the., their winter camps and began gathering food and hunting. though they FveseYve. keev birthdays of your . allowed the buffalo to fatten until fail. kcis family and friends. beev, SUMMER began in our month of June, which was known 35"Moon otvxd mixed, wii-k When Strawberries Are Ripe." At the beginning of summer, men went on (Po+) niAd, vision quests to seek personal guardian spirits. Also in the summer, ail the doried, ckcke Sioux tribes met and arrang-ed their tepees in circles. For four days they ckeysries. !+- is purified themselves. For the next four days they celebrated the sacred Sun scwtet.k.keii- i-c Dance ceremony. imeckey%%-.:koey FALL began in our month of August, which was known as "-I he Harvest Moon." It was the most important hunting season of the year. The men killed enough buffalo for the meat to last through the long, froen winter. The women made pemmican from the meat. .'"E. ,tcoa rnctrier. icrcnidrn WINTER began in our month of November, which was known as "The Winter l'.'oon." As the snow began to fail, T-orn families ,.ettied int() '.',Inter campsites. Men and boys repaired s!. .nctnfl TEPEE: t-ke etwellivo tools whiie women and girls sewed, decorated clothing, and 1-ke made dolls. At night, stories were told around the tepee wcye ;ire. Soon it h-2 spring, dad the circle of seasons plence,A i Ok would begia again. -VAC!wcyd, ;:vcm c..ictAx t.,,oycks "i-i," meotliv,oi lwel6o," civd, "0," meatt,ito

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. Barron's Educational Series, Inc., 1993. Brown, Dee. Wounded Taylor, Colin. The Plair... Knee, An Indian History Indian. New York: of the American West. Crescent Books, 1994. Adapted for Young Weatherford, Jack. Readers by Amy Ehrlich Indian Givers. New Yort-: from Dee Brown's Bury Ballantine Books, 1988. My Heart at Wounded Wolfson, Evelyn. The Knee. New York: Henry Teton Sioux: People of Holt & Co., 1974. the Plains. Brookfield, Campbell, Maria. People Connecticut:The Mill- ME BUFFALO:* . ofthe Buffalo: How the brook Press, 1992. A VALUED RE Lived. Buffalo, New York: Fire- YOU MAY' WANT Millions of buffalo roamed free.on the.Great- Plains before the white settlers fly Books, Ltd., 1992. TO SEE... Erdoes, Richard. Native moved west.The-lives of the Lakota Sioux revolvedaround the hunt df the Last Stand at Little Big buffalo. They honored the animal's spirit and used all of its parts for their Americans: The Sioux. Horn. "PBS:The Ameri- New York: Sterling Pub- can Experience" (60 survival: lishing Company, 1982. minutes), WGBH Educa- Between one and two hundred uses were Hassrick, Royal B. The tional Foundation found foe the buffalo's body parts.The Sioux made Sioux: Life and Customs (Boston) and Thirteen/ of a Warrior Society.. tepees, blankets, clothes, ropes, shoes, and dr.urnheads from buffalo skins. WNET, 1992. Norman, Oklahoma: Live and Remember (Wo They made containersisuch.as cups and disiies, and gun-powder horns. University of Oklahoma Kiksuye), 1987; Fulfilling Presi, 1967. Bones were used for needles. Because the Sioux did not make pottery, they the Vision (Oyate Igluki- sed dried bUffalo stomachs to store water and as containers in which to Josephy, Jr., Alvin M. 500 nipi), 1992; Conie to the Nations, An Illustrated Center and Dance (Coka- cook. Before the Sioux had horses, they disguised themselves in buffalo History af North Ameri-. ta Upo), 1994; (30 min- skins that.still hadthe freadS attached when they 111 111 I can Indians. New York: utes each), available

hunted the buffalaWomen kept count of the. . I1 Alfred A. Knopf, 1994. from Solaris Lakota Project, 264 West 19th buffalo hides they prepared by carving si-nall dots. . MacDonald, Fiona. Plains Indians.Haup- Street, New York, NY, . on the handlesOf the scrapers witn which they. pauge, New York: 10011. did their work. Sortie say there were as many as 12 million NM INNON OWN buffalo when settlers and gold prospectors arrived The Kennedy Center on the Great Plains.They destroyed the grass the James D. Wolfensohn, Chairman LaMence J. Wiiker, President' buffalo ate.They turned many parts of the Great Plains into grazing and Derek E. Gordon, Associate Managing Director, Edlieation farm land..Worst of all, they killed millionsof buffalo for sport.By. LAKOTA SioUx INDIAN DAlkICE THEATRE. 1889, only 540 were still alive.Today, 15,000 buffalo live .4 Executive Editors: Lynne Silverstein and John C. ',I in protected ar'eas. Some others live in national parks. Several thousand are CUE Carr. Contributing Writers: John C. CarG Sherill raised on private ranches and are sold for food. SHEET Berryman-Miller, and Cynthia Word, Design: Paul

1'1Dupree Communications. Special Thanks to: Henry Smit;i, artistic director. Lakota Sioux Indian Dane Theatre; Marian One Star. Lakota Sioux cultural consultant and Lakota Sioux Indian Dance -Theatre member; Dr. Archie Beauvais, Dean of Education and lribai Stcies. Suite Gleska University, Rosebud Reservation, South Dakota; and Janet Starke. Cuesheet is funded in part through tbe support of the U.S.1 Department of Education,lhe Kennedy (nter Corporate fund, and The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz -Foundation. K)1995 The John F. BEST COPY AVAILABLE Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts mulassaumamemaimionam A Akji