Chapter 6 Earliest Empires

Exercises I Tick the correct option. 1. Among the sixteen mahajanapadas the most powerful was Answer. Magadha 2. The capital of magadha shifted from Rajgriha to. Answer. Patliputra 3.the taxes were collected from the people for Answer. The welfare of the people 4.who could participate in the assemblies of gana Sangha? Answer. Kshatriya 5. Monarchies were ruled by Answer. One person 6. Which object was produced in huge quantity as a craft Answer. NBPW

II fill in the blanks 1. The extensive use of_____ helped more in the formation of kingdoms. Answer iron 2. Ganasanga is a combination of two words gana, which refers to____ and Sangha, which means an_____. Answer. equal rights,. assembly. 3. The king had all the power in_____ Answer. Authority 4. Kings maintained their army by paying them salaries in in_____. Answer. Cash 5. The farmers grew saplings and planted them in the soil.This is called______Answer. Paddy cultivation 6. The land around the present-day chota Nagpur plateau was rich in ____,____and other______. Answer.copper, iron ore and minerals

III state true or false 1. Farmers travel to far off places to sell their produce. Answer. False 2. The excess produce was traded for coins or other products. Answer. True 3.the craftsman where are not required to pay any taxes to the king. Answer. False 4. Varna system transformed into caste system during this period. Answer. True 5.Gramani or gramika were the tax collectors. Answer. False 6.The first important and powerful ruler of magadha was Ajatashatru. Answer. False

IV short answer questions Q1. What led to the formation of janapadas? Answer. The settled Tribes of Later Vedic Age took shape of more organised kingdoms called janapadas. Q2. Name the 16 mahajanapadas which became paramount by 6th century BCE. Answer. by the 6th century BCE 16 of them had become paramount they are:- Ange, Azmana,Avanti, chedi, Gandhar,kamboja,Kashi,Kosala,Kuru,Magadha,Malla,Matsya,Panchala,Surasen,Vatsa and Vajji. Q3 state one basic difference between ganasanghas and monarchies Answer. The ganasanghas where definitely governed by a group of people but this group comprise to the head of the influential families Monarchies In the system of government were ruled by kings, who were very powerful and ruled according to their own wishes. Kingship was hereditary. Q4 state a few reasons for the introduction of taxation Answer. The taxes collected where used for building roads, Wells and canals. Payment of salaries, maintenance of the army, for building fortification walls and other welfare activities. Q5. What led to an increase in agricultural produce during the iron age? Answer. The extensive use of iron in making ploughshares and other agricultural implements led to an increase in the produce.lens which were heart and difficult to till could now be ploughed easily. Q6. Name of few articles that were exported to foreign countries during the iron age. Answer. Crafts, textiles ,and tools were are exported to foreign countries during the iron age.

V Long answer questions Q1. How did ganasanghas and monarchies function during the iron age? Answer. Ganasanga In this system of government was ruled by a group of people who were elected by the people of that tribe. There was no hereditary kinship. Decisions where taken on the basis of majority vote. Monarchies Hindu system of government were rule by kings, who were very powerful.they maintain large armies and ruled according to their own wishes kingship was hereditary. Q2. How did Magadha emerge as the most powerful mahajanapada? Describe in detail the various reasons. Answer. Magadha emerged as the strongest and most powerful mahajanapada. It was a monarchical mahajanapada.The first important and powerful ruler of Magadha was Bimbisara, who ruled in the second half of 6th century BCE. In order to make Magadha powerful and strong. He also kept very good relations with other powerful rulers.with the help of his efficient ministers and large army Bimbisara ruled over Magdha for some half a century. Military strength had one of the largest armies back then. In fact Magadha was the first Kingdom to use elephant in a battle. Q3.after the formation of mahajanapada give reason for the development of a)Trade. b) Agriculture Answer. Trade there was a remarkable growth in trade during this period. Both inland and overseas trade flourished. They may have traded the produce for money or other products. Other articles such as the craft textile and tools were also traded.from the sea ports the produce was also shipped to the foreign countries thereby improving overseas trade. Agriculture Agriculture was the main occupation of the people in the mahajanapadas. The extensive use of iron in making ploughshares and other agricultural implements led to an increase in the produce. Lands which were hard and difficult to till could now be ploughed easily. Q4. Throw some light on the political system of vajji . Answer. Vajji was a republic,a ganasanga,a confederation of eight clans,These eight clans hat for the groups and each group had a leader. Called the Raja, who was the representative of his group. The rajas formed the assembly which met at regular intervals to take collective decision for their kingdoms. True to the ganasangha policy,women and subordinate caste were kept away from the political and matters of kingdom and had no representation. Q5 Describe the emergence of villages into towns and cities in context to urbanization. Answer. As time passed as time passed,population increased which saw a rapid growth in the number of villages. As villages where scattered in the kingdom, there arose a need to have a chief, who could be a link between the villages and king. With time some villages became bigger and superior,they begin to be called as towns and as the towns developed more into urban centre of trade, craft and administration, they begin to be acknowledged as cities.