Department of Defense Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense Program Annual Report to Congress
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Department of Defense Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense Program Annual Report to Congress May 2004 Copies of this report may be downloaded from the World Wide Web through the Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense Web Site at http://www.acq.osd.mil/cp under the reports section as an Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) file. The information in this report is updated as of February 27, 2004 unless specifically noted otherwise. Cleared for Public Release. Unlimited Distribution. Executive Summary This Annual Report of the Department of Defense (DoD) Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense Program, or CBRNDP, provides information in response to several reporting requirements. First, this report is provided in accordance with 50 USC 1523. (The complete reporting requirement is detailed at annex K.) This report is intended to assess: (1) the overall readiness of the Armed Forces to fight in a chemical-biological warfare environment and steps taken and planned to be taken to improve such readiness; and, (2) requirements for the chemical and biological warfare defense program, including requirements for training, detection, and protective equipment, for medical prophylaxis, and for treatment of casualties resulting from use of chemical and biological weapons. This report supplements the DoD Chemical and Biological Defense Program FY05 President’s budget, February 2004, which has been submitted to Congress.1 Second, section 2.7 of this report addresses the requirement to provide information on the costs incurred by, and payments made to, each contractor or other entity engaged in the production, storage, distribution, or marketing of the anthrax vaccine administered by the Department of Defense.2 Third, in response to a reporting requirement by the Senate Armed Services Committee3, DoD provides a report, which includes an analysis of the capacity and versatility of the test and evaluation (T&E) infrastructure to meet the requirements of current and planned chemical and biological defense research and development programs, including facilities for testing equipment with live agents and simulants and for animal testing; and, an identification of any actions needed to meet testing requirements. This report is provided as Annex J. Finally, a performance plan for FY03–05 is provided under a separate cover. This performance plan demonstrates compliance with the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), and provides detailed information demonstrating linkage between research, development, and acquisition programs and the operational missions of the warfighter. The DoD CBRNDP is a key part of a comprehensive national strategy to counter the threat of CBRN weapons as outlined in The National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction, December 2002. The national strategy is based on three principle pillars: (1) Counterproliferation to Combat WMD Use; (2) Strengthened Nonproliferation to Combat WMD Proliferation; and, (3) Consequence Management to Respond to WMD Use. The DoD 1 Annex G details the CBRNDP budget and expenditures. For FY05, the total budget request is $1.197 billion, of which $0.560 billion is for procurement, and $0.637 billion is for research, development, test, and evaluation. 2 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 - Authorization Conference Report (H.R. Rep. No. 106- 945, page 719), Joint Biological Defense Program – Special Report on anthrax vaccine costs, acquisition strategy, and related issues. 3 FY04 Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC) Authorization Report (S. Rpt. 108-46 Report Language, p. 239) CBRN Defense Program Annual Report CBRNDP provides research, development, and acquisition (RDA) programs primarily to support the first and third pillars. In support of counterproliferation, the DoD CBRNDP provides operational capabilities tailored to the unique characteristics of the various chemical and biological weapons, including emerging threats, in support of passive defense, force protection, and consequence management missions. These capabilities provide U.S. forces the ability to rapidly and effectively mitigate the effects of a CBRN attack against our deployed forces. In support of counterproliferation, the DoD CBRNDP provides capabilities to respond to the effects of WMD use against our forces deployed abroad, and in the homeland. In addition, the DoD CBRNDP supports the “1-4-2-1” force planning construct articulated in the Department of Defense Annual Report to the President and the Congress, September 2002. Put succinctly, the DoD CBRNDP will support “1-4-2-1” force planning to accomplish the following: • “The United States will maintain sufficient military forces to protect its people, territory, and critical defense-related infrastructure against attacks from outside its borders, as U.S. law permits.” (that is, 1); • “Deter aggression in four critical theaters: Europe, Northeast Asia, the Asian littorals, and the Middle East/Southeast Asia” (that is, 4); • “Swiftly defeat aggression in any two theaters of operation in overlapping timeframes” (that is, 2); and, • “Decisively defeat an adversary in one of the two theaters, including the ability to occupy territory or set the conditions for a regime change” (that is, 1). System-specific requirements to support the 1-4-2-1 force planning construct are not available at this time. The Services are conducting a study this year that will provide the analytical basis for defining requirements for each Service and for total Joint requirements. Capabilities developed and fielded by the CBRNDP in support of OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM, as well as lessons learned from this operation, are documented in Chapter 3 and Annex G of this report. The threat from CBRN weapons is comprised of a complex variety of chemical weapons—including nerve, blood, blister, and choking agents, toxic industrial chemicals, and novel threat agents—biological weapons—including viruses, bacteria, ricketssial, and toxin agents, and potentially novel or genetically engineered agents, as well as emerging infectious diseases—and radiological and nuclear weapons, including “dirty bombs.” The threat is complicated by the numerous potential means of delivering these weapons, including bombs, spray devices, missiles, or novel delivery devices. In addition, more than 20 states and several non-state organizations may have or be pursuing CBRN weapons capabilities that could pose threats to U.S. forces operating abroad or within the United States. The unique physical, toxicological, destructive, and other properties of each type of CBRN threat requires that operational and technological responses be tailored to the threat and to the diverse requirements of military operations supporting national security and homeland security missions. The FY05 President’s Budget Submission for the DoD CBRNDP builds on the existing capabilities fielded to protect U.S. forces against CBRN threats. The CBRNDP budget provides a balanced investment strategy that includes investment in procurement of capabilities to protect U.S. forces in the near-term (FY05), investment in advanced development to protect ii Executive Summary U.S. forces in the mid-term (FY06–09), and investment in basic research and the science and technology base to protect U.S. forces through the far term (FY10–19) and beyond. Chapter 2 provides modernization tables for each commodity area—contamination avoidance, battlespace management, individual and collective protection, decontamination, medical systems, and consequence management—summarizing planned progress through the far-term as a result of the RDA investment. The FY05 CBRNDP budget provides a balanced investment that provides the comprehensive array of systems and capabilities balanced among the operational capa- bilities to Sense (Reconnaissance, Detection, and Identification), Shape (Battlespace Manage- ment), and Shield (Individual & Collective Protection), and Sustain (Decontamination and Restoration) U.S. forces for passive defense, force protection, and consequence management missions. In FY05, the CBRNDP will start or continue procurement on a variety of CBRN defense systems intended to provide U.S. forces with the best available equipment to survive, fight, and win in CBRN contaminated environments. Systems beginning procurement in FY05 include the Joint Effects Model (JEM)—an advanced hazard prediction and effects capability —and the Joint Protective Aircrew Ensemble (JPACE)—a CBRN protective clothing ensemble intended for use by all military aviators and aircrew for all fixed wing and rotary wing requirements. Programs continuing procurement include: • Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) – a lightweight protective mask incorporating state-of-the-art technology to protect ground forces from current and future threats. • Joint Warning and Reporting Network (JWARN) Block I – a warning technology which will collect, analyze, identify, locate, report, and disseminate CBRN threat information • Joint Service Mask Leakage Tester (JSMLT) – a one-man portable device that is capable of determining serviceability, proper fit, and identifying defective components of current and future CBRN protective masks. • Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology (JSLIST) – individual protective ensemble. • NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle (NBCRV) – an improved CBRN Reconnaissance Vehicle with remote/early warning and data fusion capabilities • Joint Biological Agent Identification and Diagnostic System (JBAIDS)