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Waste to Energy Project – Zanzibar Island Impact Study -Proposal August 2020

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Waste to Energy Project – Zanzibar Island Impact Study -Proposal August 2020 WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECT – ZANZIBAR ISLAND IMPACT STUDY -PROPOSAL AUGUST 2020- 1 | Page AUTHORS: 1. Ms. Ivan Any Vasilica – Overall Project Manager 2. Mr. Adrian Streinu Cercel – MD, PhD, Physician in Infectious Diseases – Healthcare Specialist, former Secretary of State Ministry of Health 3. Mr. Cristian Ștefănescu – Environment and Financial Specialist Special thanks: MK Business Consultants LTD – Local Environmental specialists Special appreciation for the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar and the Public Administration Experts This impact study was possible due to the grant awarded by the Romania’s International Development Cooperation Agency – RoAid. The study is funded through the official development assistance granted by Romania as a donor state. 2 | Page APPENDIX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 DISCLAIMER 5 SCOPE OF WORKS 6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DATA 7 EXISTING SWM INFRASTRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT 16 FINANCIAL SWM SITUATION 21 POWER MANAGEMENT DATA 25 POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS WASTE DISPOSAL / POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS POWER GENERATION 28 WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DATA 31 INTEGRATED PLAN – SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 36 SOLID, LIQUID, MEDICAL AND DANGEROUS WASTE TRANSPORTATION PLAN 38 INTEGRATED PLAN FOR SUPPLYING ALTERNATIVE ELECTRICITY GENERATION - TECHNOLOGY AND PLANT DESCRIPTION 43 LOCATION PROPOSED 53 RISK ANALYSIS PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 54 APPLICABLE LEGISLATION. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 57 ZECO MAPS / LOCATION MAPS 58 3 | Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Washing hands with soap and water is the single most efficient measure against COVID-19, but 40 per cent of the global population does not have access to clean water and soap in their homes. The pandemic is making it evident that investments in the provision of basic water, sanitation and waste management and hygiene services must be a key priority in the coming years, not least since the progress that has been made so far is now threatened by climate change and rising poverty levels. According to its Vision 2020, further included in the vision 2050, the government of Zanzibar Archipelago has set up several objectives to be achieved, objectives which are essential for the smooth development of the islands. These objectives are as follows: • ‰ Eradicate abject poverty. • ‰ Developing a strong, diversified, resilient and competitive agriculture, industry, tourism and other productive socioeconomic sectors to cope up with the challenges of the changing market and technological conditions in the world economy. • ‰ Attaining a nation whose way of life reflects the highest level of ingenuity, self-confidence and self-esteem; culture, resource base and aspirations. • ‰ Achieving peace, political stability, good governance, integrity, national unity and social cohesion. • ‰ Modernized production and delivery systems of goods and services to meet the basic needs in the society and attain international competitiveness in the leading sectors. • ‰ Attain higher degree of foreign direct investment that will inject sound capital, create full employment and attain positive balance of trade in the export market. Given this strategy and the underlying actions to be taken in order to achieve the above mentioned objectives, there are several areas to be addressed through various projects, which if and when implemented by the private sector with the support of the public sector, would allow great leaps to be taken towards the successful attainment of the Vision Programme. These areas which can be implemented by the private sector relate mostly to the basic utilities and access to these, namely for the purpose of this study, access to basic waste management services and access (free of any exterior influences) to a steady supply of energy – which represents the basis for a successful development of the archipelago. The current document has been drafted by PREMIUM AUDIT with the support of the Romanian Government through ROAID, with the main purpose of analysing the situation in the waste producing and elimination sector on the islands of Unguja and Pemba as part of the Zanzibar Archipelago and in order to propose a solution to the existing situation, with the secondary purpose of analysing the situation in the energy producing sector in the above mentioned area and proposing a solution to the identified problems, all the while analysing the impact such investments would have over the development of the Zanzibar archipelago within the following 10 years. The study follows a unified environmental approach having in mind the best available technologies and as such all the problems identified will have to be solved as environmentally conscious as possible. The study also has been based on an existing strategy as envisioned by Zanzibar Government, strategy that entails the development of IPP with a total capacity of up to 10 MWh during the following 5 years. There is also an environmental assessment study performed by a local specialized company – MK Business Consultants that has analysed all aspects regarding the potential impact of the implementation of such proposals, study which has been used as a partial basis for the current impact study. 4 | Page DISCLAIMER The current document does not present and does not state that it presents a whole picture of the situation as it stands at this moment. As mentioned throughout the document, the best available information sources have been used in its content, however all the data will have to be proven throughout the following years through localized pinpointed studies. This is especially applicable to the future estimates present throughout the document and any and all other estimates concerning the current situation. Should any new data arise within the following years, data that will contradict the values and info presented in this document, an update will be drafted and presented to all the involved parties. 5 | Page SCOPE OF WORKS The scope of the present impact study is to analyse the current situation existing in the Zanzibar Archipelago (mainly Unguja and Pemba Islands) in relation to the situation of the waste generated by the islands inhabitants and business and the situation of the supply of electricity in the Zanzibar Archipelago, to identify if there are any underlying issues in the above mentioned areas and if so to propose a solution, which would solve at least a majority of the identified issues if any. The basis for this impact study are the following documents: - A pre-feasibility drafted during 2018 by Premium Audit SRL with the aid of funds provided by RoAid – the Romanian Agency for International Development Cooperation; - A strategy report drafted in November 2018 by Hydroplan Interconsult LTD - An environmental impact study drafted in August 2020 by MK Business Consultants As such a detailed situation of the waste sector in Zanzibar islands will be presented, alongside with a proposed solution which would solve almost entirely the presented situation. This study will also present the situation of the electricity generation and distribution in Tanzania in general with applicability to the situation in Zanzibar. Since this study deals with the most pressing problems currently existing on the Unguja and Pemba Islands in Zanzibar, it will also have to propose solutions to solve these issues and as such a full comprehensive solution will be proposed. The provision of safe water, sanitation and waste management and hygienic conditions is essential for preventing and for protecting human health during all infectious disease outbreaks, including of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ensuring evidenced-based and consistently applied WASH and waste management practices in communities, homes, schools, marketplaces, and healthcare facilities will help prevent human-to-human transmission of pathogens including SARS- CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. 6 | Page SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DATA SWM SITUATION & BACKGROUND General data on Zanzibar archipelago The World Bank predicted the global municipal waste generation will increase from 1.3 billion tons per year in 2012 to 2.2 billion tons per year in 2025. If not managed properly, this will create various social and environmental problems, including air, soil and water pollutions, the spread of diseases and the release of greenhouse gases, particularly methane, to the atmosphere that contributes to global warming. Zanzibar is part of the United Republic of Tanzania (URT). It consists of two major islands; Unguja and Pemba, and more than fourteen small islands and islets. All islands are situated in the Indian Ocean between 4° and 6.5° south of the equator. The two main islands of Unguja and Pemba are located 40 and respectively 60 km off the coast of mainland Tanzania. The total land area of Zanzibar is 2,654 km2 of which 1,666 km2 (63 %) comprise Unguja and the remaining 988 km2 (37 %) constitutes Pemba Island. The term “Zanzibar” is also used to denote the capital of the islands (Zanzibar Municipality), which is located on the western coast of Unguja. Macro-economic situation According to the OCGS (Office of the Chief Government Statistician of Zanzibar), the following macro-economic figures (2016) show for the Zanzibar archipelago. An update will be requested for 2020 figures as soon as possible (i.e. prior to the start up of the works) Map of the Zanzibar Archipelago Macro-economic figures Population 2016 1,488,036 Population projection 2022 1,762,989 % Urban (2012) 46.3 % (ann. increase ca. 3 %) GDP/capita USD 829.7 GDP growth rate (2015-2016) 6.8 % Inflation rate 6.7 % GDP Sector contributions (2016) . Agriculture, Forestry Fishing 25.7 % . Industries 18.6 % 7 | Page . Services 45.1 % . Taxes, on products 10.7 % Total production Public - Private 49 % - 51 % Employment rate 79.4 % Unemployment rate 20,6% Population below basic needs poverty line 30.4 % Houses connected to electricity grid 12,768 (44 %) Houses using protected water sources 92.6 % Houses with any toilet facility 83.7 % Tourist arrivals (annually) 376.242 2014-2016 + 28 % From Europe 62 % No. Registered political parties (2015) 23 Main political parties CCM - CUF Note: The 2016 data are the latest reliable published data available. Administrative structure Administratively, Unguja and Pemba are into 5 regions and 11 districts, i.e.
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