Foundations for Gerontological Nursing
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© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Unit I © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION FoundationsNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION for Gerontological Nursing © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT (COMPETENCIES FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 1, 8, 9, 19) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGICAL © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE ORNURSING DISTRIBUTION (COMPETENCIESNOT FOR 1, SALE9, 19) OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER 2 THE AGING POPULATION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION (COMPETENCIESNOT FOR SALE OR 1,DISTRIBUTION 8, 19) CHAPTER 3 THEORIES OF AGING © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE (COMPETENCYOR DISTRIBUTION 19) © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Mario Lopes/ShutterStock, Inc. Mario Lopes/ShutterStock, © © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.© NOTJones FOR SALE& Bartlett OR DISTRIBUTION Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284131161_CH01.indd 1 23/02/17 6:23 PM © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.© NOTJones FOR SALE& Bartlett OR DISTRIBUTION Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284131161_CH01.indd 2 23/02/17 6:23 PM © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER© Jones 1 & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Introduction to Gerontological Nursing © iStockphoto/Thinkstock Jeanne St. Pierre © Jones Deborah & MarksBartlett Conley Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION (Competencies 1, 9, 19) © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this chapter, the reader will be able to: © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC > DefineNOT important FOR termsSALE related OR to DISTRIBUTION nursing and the aging process. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION > Outline significant landmarks that have influenced the development of gerontological nursing as a specialty. > Identify several subfields of gerontology. > Develop the beginnings of a personal philosophy of aging. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC > Describe the unique roles of the gerontological nurse. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION > Discuss the scope and standards of gerontological nursing practice. > Examine core competencies in gerontological nursing. > Compare the nine essentials of baccalaureate nursing education with the core competencies in gerontological nursing. © Jones & Bartlett Learning,> Distinguish LLC among the educational preparation,© Jones practice & Bartlett roles, and Learning,certification requirements LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONof the various levels of gerontological nursingNOT practice. FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION KEY TERMS© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC AgeismNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONGerocompetencies NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Attitudes Gerontological nursing Certification Gerontological rehabilitation nursing Core competencies Gerontology © JonesElder & Bartlett law Learning, LLC Landmarks© Jones in gerontological & Bartlett nursing Learning, LLC NOT FORGeriatrics SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.© NOTJones FOR SALE& Bartlett OR DISTRIBUTION Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 9781284131161_CH01.indd 3 23/02/17 6:23 PM © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 4 Chapter 1 Introduction to Gerontological Nursing The history and ©development Jones & ofBartlett gerontological Learning, nursing LLC is rich in diversity and experiences,© Jones as & is Bartlett the Learning, LLC population it serves. NOT There FOR has SALE never beenOR DISTRIBUTIONa more opportune time than now to be a gerontologicalNOT FOR SALE nurse OR DISTRIBUTION (see Figure 1-1 )! No matter where nurses practice, they will at some time in their career care for older adults. Nurses must recognize gerontological nursing as a specialty and use the science within this specialty to guide their practice. The healthcare movement is constantly increasing life expectancy; therefore, nurses should expect to care for relatively larger numbers of older people over the next decades. With the increasing numbers ©of acute,Jones chronic, & Bartlett and terminal Learning, health conditions LLC experienced by older© adults, Jones nurses & Bartlettare in key positionsLearning, to LLC NOTprovide FOR disease SALE prevention OR andDISTRIBUTION health promotion, promote positive aging,NOT and FOR assist thisSALE growing OR population DISTRIBUTION in end-of-life decision making. The National Gerontological Nursing Association (NGNA), the American Journal of Nursing, the American Nurses Association (ANA), Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI), and the John A. Hartford Foundation Institute for Geriatric Nursing at New York University (NYU) contributed significantly to the development © Jones & Bartlettof the specialty Learning, of gerontological LLC nursing. The specialty© Joneswas formally & Bartlett recognized Learning, in the early 1960sLLC when the NOT FOR SALEANA OR recommended DISTRIBUTION a specialty group for geriatric nursesNOT and FOR the formation SALE ofOR a geriatric DISTRIBUTION nursing division, and convened the first national nursing meeting on geriatric nursing practice. The growth of the specialty soared over the next three decades. The ANA Standards for Geriatric Practice and the Journal of Gerontological Nursing were first published (in 1970 and 1975, respectively). Following the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid, rapid growth in the healthcare industry for elders occurred. The Veterans Administration (VA) funded a number of Geriatric Research© Education Jones &and Bartlett Clinical Centers Learning, (GRECCs) LLC at VA medical centers across© theJones United & States. Bartlett Learning, LLC Nurses were providedNOT substantial FOR SALE educational OR DISTRIBUTIONopportunities to learn about the care of olderNOT veterans FOR through SALE OR DISTRIBUTION the development of GRECCs. The Kellogg Foundation funded numerous certificate nurse practitioner (NP) programs at colleges of nursing for nurses to become geriatric NPs. In 1976, the ANA Geriatric Nursing Division changed its name to the Gerontological Nursing Division and published the Standards of Gerontological Nursing (Ebersole & Touhy, 2006; Meiner, 2011). © Jones The decade & ofBartlett the 1980s Learning, saw a substantial LLC growth in gerontological nursing© Jones when the& NGNABartlett was Learning,established, LLC NOTalong withFOR the SALE release ORof the DISTRIBUTION revised ANA statement on the Scope andNOT Standards FOR of SALE Gerontological OR DISTRIBUTION Nursing Practice. Increased numbers of nurses began to obtain masters and doctoral preparation in gerontological nursing, and higher education established programs to prepare nurses as advanced practice nurses in the field (geriatric NPs and gerontological clinical nurse specialists). Thus, interest in theory to build nursing as a science grew and nurses were beginning to consider gerontological nursing research as an area of study (Box 1-1). © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones In& the Bartlett 1990s, the Learning, John A. Hartford LLC Foundation Institute for Geriatric Nursing was established NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FORat the SALE NYU DivisionOR DISTRIBUTION of Nursing. It provided unprecedented momentum