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Home , Badami cave temples, Banavasi, Halasi, Halebidu, History of Karnataka, Kannada

History and Culture of (From Early Times to 1336)

Programme ಕಾರ್ಯ响ರ ಮ BA Subject 풿ಷರ್ History and Archaeology Semester �ಕ್ಷ貾ವ鲿 V University 풿ಶ್ವ 풿ದ್ಯಾ ಲರ್ Karnatak University, Session ಅವ鲿 4 Title : Sources: Literary and Archaeological

Sub Title: Archaeological Sources: Numismatics & Monuments Learning Objectives

• Students will learn about Numismatics, study of Coins • Students will learn about the role of art & architecture in reconstructing the history of the past. • They will understand the evolution of art & architecture of Karnataka.

Session Out Comes

• Students will learn about the how the Numismatics & Monuments help in reconstructing the • They will also learn which are the types of Numismatics & Monuments • They will also understand the important monuments of Karnataka Introduction of Numismatics • Numismatics means study of Coins. • Ancient coins are the valuable source which gives Historical information. • Coins contains the Name, date, emblem, figure of a king, • Some coins gives information of Victories of a King. (Gautamiputra Satakarni restruck the coins of Nahapana after defeating him). • Coins reflects economic condition. • Roman coins found at & Chandravalli reveals the trade relation Important Coins

 Satavahana’s issued golden coins Suvarna, Dinara, Lead coins which bears legends & names of the king. LeadLead coins coins Gautamiputra Satakarni restruck the coins of Nahapana after defeating him Nahapana’s coin restruck by Gautamiputra Important coins  Earliest Padma-Tanka issued by Kadamaba’s.  Kadamba’s were the first to the Padma- Tanka coins. Gold & Silver coins also circulated during the Padma-Tanka Kadamba’s. Important coins  Gangas of Talkadu minted golden coins Pagoda with and Nagari legends. Coins consist of the image of an elephant on the obverse and floral petal symbols on the reverse.

Important coins

• Chalukyas of were issued Gold & Silver coins , Pagoda, Huna (Honnu) Fana or fanam ( represent money). • Varaha- Boar • Pagoda having the symbol of Temple on the obverse lotus. Important coins  Rastrakutas Coins : Suvarna, Gadyana, Dramma, Kalanju, Dharana.  These coins contain the figures of God & Goddess & the names of the Kings, Introduction of Monuments • Monuments: means buildings / structures of ancient times that are useful to reconstruct the history of the past. • They includes Forts, Wells, Tanks, Palaces, Houses, Temples, Chaitya, Stupas, Cave Temples, Public Buildings, etc. • They were built by Kings and his subordinate officials for public purposes, throw light on different aspects such as Engineering skills, technology, social, economic and religious conditions of the past Types of Monuments • Monuments means buildings or structures constructed in the past by the Kings, Queens, Ministers or Merchants for the use of society. • They can be classified as Religious and Non- Religious Monuments. Among Religious Monuments Temples, Mosques, Churches, and Non Religious Monuments are Forts, Palaces, Houses, Swimming Pools, Wells, Tanks, Gateways, etc.

Importance of Monuments Historical Monuments throw light on 1. Religious Condition & Beliefs 2. Political Condition & royal patronage 3. Social Condition & Customs 4. Customs, Development of technology, sculpture, 5. Evolution of Art & Architecture 6. Extension of Kingdom 7. Economic condition of the past

Important Monuments of Karnataka • Kadambas : Madhukesvara Temple at , Temple of , Kalleshwara temple of , Jaina Basadi’s. • Gangas : Bhoga Nandishwara temples at , statues & (Gommateshwara) Statue, Talkadu, Chaundraya Basdi at Shravanbelgola, Mahabaleshwara Temple at Talkadu, Important Monuments of Karnataka • Chalukyas of Badami: Cave temples, Malagitti temple at Badami,Papanatheshwar, Malikarjuna, Virupaksha, Sangmeshwar temples at Pattadakallu,, Ladkhan, Huchchimalli gudi, Meghuti Jaina temples at , • Rastrakutas : Kalasanatha temple at Ellora, Elephanata Cave temples, Shiva temples at , Lakshmeshwar, Sandur ect.

Important Monuments of Karnataka • Chalukyas of Kalyana : Vishweshwara temple at akkundi, Mahadeva temple , Mallikarjuna temple at Kuruvatti, Trikuteshwara, Saraswathi, someshwara temple Gadag. • Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra: Channakeshava temple at Belur, Hosaleshwar temple at , Keshava temple at , ect. Madukeshwara Temlpe Banavasi

Kailasanatha Temple Virupaksha Temple MCQ’s

1. Who issued earliest Padma Tanka? 2. Where is Channakeshava Temple? 3. Which place is called as the cradle of Indian Architecture ? 4. Who constructed the Kailasa Temple at Ellora? 5. How many cave temples at Badami?

Answers

1. Kadambas 2. Belur 3. Aihole 4. Krishana I 5. Four

References • Phalaksha : History of Karnataka • 蒾. ಬಸವ삾ಜ ಅಕ್ಕಿ : 响ꂾಟ9响ದ ಇ邿ಸ ಮತ್ತು ಸಿ ೃ邿 • ¥Á¯ÁPÀë : 响ꂾಟ9响ದ ಇ邿ಸ • ²ªÀgÀÄzÀæ¸Áé«Ä: 响ꂾಟ9响ದ ¥ËæqsÀ ಇ邿ಸ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøw