North Dakota Stratigraphy Titanoides ROCK ROCK UNIT COLUMN PERIOD EPOCH AGES MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO Common Name: Holocene Oahe .01 Bear-like mammal

Coleharbor Pleistocene QUATERNARY Classification: 1.8 Pliocene Unnamed 5 Miocene Class: Mammalia 25 Arikaree Order: Pantodonta Family: Titanoideidae Brule Oligocene

38 South Heart Crushed skull and lower jaws of the bear-like mammal, Chadron Chalky Buttes Titanoides. Sentinel Butte Formation. Recovered from United Camels Butte Eocene Golden 55 Valley Bear Den States Forest Service-Dakota Prairies Grassland administered land in Billings County. Length 300 mm. North Dakota State Sentinel Fossil Collection ND98-38. Butte TERTIARY Description: Titnanoides was one of the early Tertiary browsing mammals Bullion

Paleocene Creek called pantodonts. Their limbs were short and stout, and they were bear-like in appearance. Some were rhinoceros in size.

Slope Even though they had huge canine teeth they were herbivores.

Cannonball Their feet possessed five, clawed digits. Titanoides was the largest mammal that inhabited North Dakota 60 million years ago when Ludlow 65 western North Dakota was a subtropical swampland. The main Hell Creek predators at the time were crocodiles, and it is possible that Titanoides at times feel prey to those reptiles. Fox Hills

ACEOUS Pierre CRET

84 Niobrara

Carlile

Carbonate Calcareous Shale Claystone/Shale

Siltstone Sandstone Sand & Gravel

Mudstone Lignite Glacial Drift

Titaniodes. Painting by Michael R. Long, courtesy of the Natural History Museum, London.

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