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History of Upper Assam, Upper Burmah and North-Eastern Frontier

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History of Upper Assam, Upper Burmah and North-Eastern Frontier CIHM ICMH Microfiche Collection de Series microfiches (Monographs) (monographies) Canadian Instituta for Historical Microroproductions / Institut Canadian do microroproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a copy available for filming. Features of this copy which ete possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of plaire qui sont peut-etre uniques du point de vue bibli- the images in the reproduction, or which may ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, significantly change the usual method of filming are qui ou peuvent exiger une modification dans la m^tho- checked below. de normale de filmage sont indiques ci-dessous. Coloured covers / Coloured pages / Pages de couleur Couverture de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages I I endommag6es Covers damaged / Couverture endommag^e Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaur^s et/ou pellicul^es Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur^e et/ou pelliculee Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / Pages d^color^es, iachet^es ou piqu^es Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque Pages detached / Pages detachees I I Coloured maps / Cartes g^ographiques en couleur Showthrough / Transparence Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Quality of print varies / Quality in^gale de I'impression Coloured plates and/or illustrations / ' Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur ' ' .i"'udes supplementary material / Ji/nprend du materiel suppl6mentaire Bound with other material / Reli6 avec d'autres documents Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata L_ slips, .ues, etc., hav been refiiTied to ensure the best Only edition available / possible image / Les pages totalement ou Seule Edition disponible partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont ete filmees a nouveau de fafon k Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along obtenir la meilleure image possible. interior margin / La reiiure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge Opposing pages with varying colouration or int§rieure. discoiourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des Blank leaves added during restorations may appear colorations variables ou des decolorations sont within the text. Whenever possible, these have been film6es deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image omitted from filming / Use peut que certaines pages possible. blanches ajoutees lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque ceia ^tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film6es. Additional comments / Commentaires suppl6mentaires: Thit item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below / Ct document est (ilme au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30x zt 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x Th« copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks L'exemplaire film^ fut reproduit grace i la to th« generosity of: g4n4rositi de: National Library of Canada Bibliotheque nationale du Canada The images appearing hare are tha best quality Les images suivantes ont M reproduites avec le considering the condition possible and legibility plus grand soin. compte tenu de la condition at of the original copy and in keeping with the da la nettetA de l'exemplaire fi\mi. at en filming contract spocificationa. conformity avac las conditions du contrat da filmaga. Original in printed paper copies covers are filmed Las axemplairas originaux dont la couverture en beginning with the front cover and ending on papisr est imprimie sont film*s en commenpant the last paga with a printed or illuitratad imprat- par la premier plat at en terminant soit par la sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All derniAre page qui comporte une empreinte other original copies are filmed beginning on the d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second first paga with a printed or illustrated impres- plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axemplairas sion, and ending on the last paga with a printed originaux sont filmAs en commenpant par la or illustrated impraasion. premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration at en terminant par la derniAre paga qui comporte une telle empreinte. The <ast recorded frame r>n each microfiche Un des symboies suivants apparaitra sur la shall contain the symbol (meaning "CON- dernlAre image da cheque microfiche, selon le TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), cas: le symbole — signifie "A SUIVRE", le whichever applies. symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent etre different reduction ratios. Those too large to be filmAs d des taux de reduction diff^rents. entirely included in one exposure are filmed Lorsque le document est trop grand pour etre beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to reproduit en un seul clichi, il est filmi A partir right and top to bottom, as many frames as da Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche droite. required. Tha following diagrams illustrate the et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre method: d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 HISrORY OF UPPL^ ASSAM, UPPER BURMAH AM) NORTH-EASTERN FRONTIER IIISTOKN OF UrPER ASSAM, UPPER BURMAII AND NORTH-EASTERN FRONTIER I,. \V. SlIAKKSI'KAR M ACM I LEAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1914 TO rilK ASSAM MILITARY POLICE FORCE With which 1 had the honour of serving several liappy interesting years the Wardens of our long Marches who, since we stretch of North-Eastern ; were brought into touch with this far-off corner of our Indian possessions have borne the heat, burden, and stress of every expedition (officially recognised or otherwise) with a cheerful willingness and .zeal which has won the approbation of all who have worked with them, but whose labours too frequently pass unnoticed— 1 dedicate this humble work. " Klj)rcant custoilcs tcrmiiiurum Imperii iiostri." L. W. SHAKFSI'KAR (Colonel, 2nd Goorkhas). Dl.llKA DiUiN, \<)IZ Ij. PREFACE As 1 have found no book dcalinjj; coniplctcly and succinctly with Assnin. its border land now so 'much in the public eye, and the many wild and interesting peoples dwelling along that border, which obliges the student to search through many books before arriving at the points of interest desired (if even then they are obtained), I have endeavoured to collect materials from all -to me possible sources, and weaving them into narrative form, to produce something useful and readable at least for those who care about that little-known but very interesting corner of India. The success of my article which the Army Review printed in October, 1912, on this subject, has led me to attempt something more complete in detail ; and with all its sliortcomings I trust it may be appreciated by those interested in the past and future of this fertile and lovely land. If any criticisms may seem too trenchant, I trust the hope that there are those who will in the future benefit by statements of facts may be recognised as a sufHcient excuse for having \eiitured into such, possibly to some, undesirable spheres. In this con- nection a remark of Commander Bellairs, R.N., in his interesting article on " Secrecy and Discussion," which ran to the effect that, if there is no criticism, which naturally goes with discussion, the teachings of history are apt to be per\erted—may still further strengthen my excuse. Without certain of the books \ inciUioiicd in the Hibliograpliy this coiikl not have been attempted, and I desire to record my liigh appreciation of, and indebtedjiess to, the particular l.ihoins of" their authors ; and my 'jratitude to the J.ihrarian of tlie Imperial Library, Calcutta, for his pcrst)nal assistance so courteously given. My thanks are also due to certain friends who liave helped with photographs, namely, those of the Abors, Misiimis, and some of the photos dealing with Maram monoliths ' and Xagas where w as unable to go personally ; the rest ot the photos and sketches are my own. I may add that this book has been vised by Army Ileadciuarters, whose suggested alterations, omissions, have been duly attended to. L. \V. SllAKESPliAK (Colonel, 2nd Goorkhas). CONTENIS CIIAI'IKK I Assani intciesl for arcl vanished init> fxicin of the Itrahinaputra N'ulley tompri^iiif.; ."V5.-.am pi()|)ci niiitc of antieiii Indian adventureis to the further Kast -anci<-'iu inhabitants CIIAI'IKK II lli>l<'> lit the K.uli.ui raie-lhc Koith raLC -Mahoniedan invasions rilAI'IKK 111 Iht Ahoin rati' \\,u wiili K.uli.iii-. rDn^olidation of their jwwer — war witli Moy lulls- tlie capital of . (larhgaon . CHAI'IKK |\ Mil iamlas jjreat invasion— caplure of Ciarliyaon retreat of Mo^'huls death of Mir Junila — Firoz Kh.m's in\asion repulsed —Auraii/ch\ last etion against A>saiii ])()u< r of \ i^lmubuc sect Rudra Siii-'^ rci^n end of jaimia War lJurbar at S,ila.i;arli am! lelcaM- of nual ( ,ipii\e:. Iir.-.l rec iirded visit t three Kni^lishinen to Assam —Burmese invade Manipur, "hoin Ahonis assist— prosperity in Assam — l>ej,'innin^ of Moainaria revolt CHAI < V Massacre of Moainaria a>. (iarhyaon — Manipu. sends troops to assist A i.oms apainst the rebels -land desolated bv . onsiant ti^litin^ (launnilli applies fm lln-hili aid in -iippi (---in^ rebellion -Ml. K.ium li d.-^pai, li of (.'aplain Welsh s expeili- lioii ad\ .ini e m K.m, nni \\>lsh"s successes — return to Itenjjal— renewed icljellion in Assam Ml ( H.M' I KK \ I Kll,:;|i^ll .lui ICId-'-il lis ^ i I.
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