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Section 14.4, Phags-Pa
The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2020 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 13.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-26-9 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/) 1. -
Numbers in Bengali Language
NUMBERS IN BENGALI LANGUAGE A dissertation submitted to Assam University, Silchar in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Arts in Department of Linguistics. Roll - 011818 No - 2083100012 Registration No 03-120032252 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS SCHOOL OF LANGUAGE ASSAM UNIVERSITY SILCHAR 788011, INDIA YEAR OF SUBMISSION : 2020 CONTENTS Title Page no. Certificate 1 Declaration by the candidate 2 Acknowledgement 3 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1.0 A rapid sketch on Assam 4 1.2.0 Etymology of “Assam” 4 Geographical Location 4-5 State symbols 5 Bengali language and scripts 5-6 Religion 6-9 Culture 9 Festival 9 Food havits 10 Dresses and Ornaments 10-12 Music and Instruments 12-14 Chapter 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 15-16 Chapter 3: OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY Objectives 16 Methodology and Sources of Data 16 Chapter 4: NUMBERS 18-20 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY 22 CERTIFICATE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES ASSAM UNIVERSITY SILCHAR DATE: 15-05-2020 Certified that the dissertation/project entitled “Numbers in Bengali Language” submitted by Roll - 011818 No - 2083100012 Registration No 03-120032252 of 2018-2019 for Master degree in Linguistics in Assam University, Silchar. It is further certified that the candidate has complied with all the formalities as per the requirements of Assam University . I recommend that the dissertation may be placed before examiners for consideration of award of the degree of this university. 5.10.2020 (Asst. Professor Paramita Purkait) Name & Signature of the Supervisor Department of Linguistics Assam University, Silchar 1 DECLARATION I hereby Roll - 011818 No - 2083100012 Registration No – 03-120032252 hereby declare that the subject matter of the dissertation entitled ‘Numbers in Bengali language’ is the record of the work done by me. -
The Written Examination Will Consist of the Following Papers :— Qualifying Papers
MAIN EXAMINATION: The written examination will consist of the following papers :— Qualifying Papers : Paper-A (One of the Indian Language to be selected by the candidate from the Languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution). 300 Marks Paper-B English 300 Marks Papers to be counted for merit Paper-I Essay 250 Marks Paper-II General Studies-I 250 Marks (Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society) Paper-III General Studies -II 250 Marks (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations) Paper-IV General Studies -III 250 Marks (Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management) Paper-V General Studies -IV 250 Marks (Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude) Paper-VI Optional Subject - Paper 1 250 Marks Paper-VII Optional Subject - Paper 2 250 Marks Sub Total (Written test) 1750 Marks Personality Test 275 Marks Grand Total 2025 Marks Candidates may choose any one of the optional subjects from amongst the list of subjects Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply. given in para 2 below:— NOTE : The papers on Indian languages and English (Paper A and paper B) will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and will be of qualifying nature. The marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking. (i) Evaluation of the papers, namely, 'Essay', 'General Studies' and Optional Subject of all the candidates would be done simultaneously along with evaluation of their qualifying papers on ‘Indian Languages’ and ‘English’ but the papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subject of only such candidates will be taken cognizance who attain 25% marks in ‘Indian Language’ and 25% in English as minimum qualifying standards in these qualifying papers. -
Class-8 New 2020.CDR
Class - VIII AGRICULTURE OF ASSAM Agriculture forms the backbone of the economy of Assam. About 65 % of the total working force is engaged in agriculture and allied activities. It is observed that about half of the total income of the state of Assam comes from the agricultural sector. Fig 2.1: Pictures showing agricultural practices in Assam MAIN FEATURES OF AGRICULTURE Assam has a mere 2.4 % of the land area of India, yet supports more than 2.6 % of the population of India. The physical features including soil, rainfall and temperature in Assam in general are suitable for cultivation of paddy crops which occupies 65 % of the total cropped area. The other crops are wheat, pulses and oil seeds. Major cash crops are tea, jute, sugarcane, mesta and horticulture crops. Some of the crops like rice, wheat, oil seeds, tea , fruits etc provide raw material for some local industries such as rice milling, flour milling, oil pressing, tea manufacturing, jute industry and fruit preservation and canning industries.. Thus agriculture provides livelihood to a large population of Assam. AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE For the purpose of land utilization, the areas of Assam are divided under ten headings namely forest, land put to non-agricultural uses, barren and uncultivable land, permanent pastures and other grazing land, cultivable waste land, current fallow, other than current fallow net sown area and area sown more than once. 72 Fig 2.2: Major crops and their distribution The state is delineated into six broad agro-climatic regions namely upper north bank Brahmaputra valley, upper south bank Brahmaputra valley, Central Assam valley, Lower Assam valley, Barak plain and the hilly region. -
AN ENGLISH to ASSAMESE, BENGALI and HINDI MULTILINGUAL E-DICTIONARY Md
AN ENGLISH TO ASSAMESE, BENGALI AND HINDI MULTILINGUAL E-DICTIONARY Md. Saiful Islam Department of Computer Science Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India E-mail:[email protected] Abstract alphabetically with their meaning, synonyms, Dictionary is a very demandable components phonetics, POS, and examples [5][6]. It is one of of Natural Language Processing system the important tools to assist students in nowadays. A dictionary is one of the understanding as well as enlightening the skill of important tools that can be used for learning reading. There are two types of dictionary, new languages. A word is basically an namely Paper dictionary which is also known as association of linguistic sound and meaning. hard or printed dictionary and Electronic The spelling does not always easily correlate dictionary which is also known as digital or with the sound of a word. A dictionary helps Internet dictionary. us both with the spelling and pronunciation of such words. Electronic dictionaries are very Electronic Dictionary (E-Dictionary) is one kind popular nowadays. It can be accessed by many of dictionary whose data exists in digital form users simultaneously on online. The main and can be accessed through a number of objective of this paper is to develop an English different media. The E-Dictionary is a very to Assamese, Bengali and Hindi (E-ABH) important and powerful tool for any person who multilingual electronic dictionary in such a is learning a new language using computer on way that it is user friendly dictionary and user both online and offline. It has the advantage of can easily look up the meaning of word and providing the user to access much larger database other related information of the word like than a single book. -
Exploring the Linguistic Influence of Tibet in Ladakh(La-Dwags)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kobe City University of Foreign Studies Institutional Repository 神戸市外国語大学 学術情報リポジトリ Exploring the linguistic influence of Tibet in Ladakh(La-dwags) 著者 Namgyal Tsetan journal or Journal of Research Institute : Historical publication title Development of the Tibetan Languages volume 49 page range 115-147 year 2013-03-01 URL http://id.nii.ac.jp/1085/00001408/ Creative Commons : 表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.ja -RXUQDORI5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH9RO ([SORULQJ WKH /LQJXLVWLF ,QIOXHQFH RI 7LEHW LQ /DGDNK /DGZDJV 7VHWDQ1DPJ\DO -DZDKDUODO1HKUX8QLYHUVLW\ ,QWURGXFWLRQ /DQJXDJH LVWKHHVVHQFHRINQRZOHGJHDQGWKHOLIHIRUFHRIKXPDQNLQG ,W VHUYHVDVWKHPHGLXP RIFRPPXQLFDWLRQLQVRFLHW\DQGRWKHUVRFLDOGRPDLQV DQG GHWHUPLQHVRQH¶VFXOWXUHLQUHODWLRQ WRWKH ZRUOG$VWKH QRWHG7LEHWDQVFKRODU=KDQJWRQ7HQSD*\DWVR ± VWDWHG³,WLV JRRG WR OHDUQ DOO ODQJXDJHV EXW IRUJHWWLQJ DQG LJQRULQJ RQH¶V RZQ ODQJXDJH LV D VKDPH´ 5HJDUGLQJ WKH7LEHWDQODQJXDJHIRUWXQDWHO\WKHDJHROGLQGLJHQRXV7LEHWDQVFULSW LQZKLFKWKH HQWLUH %XGGKLVW VFULSWXUHV DQG RWKHU UHODWHG OLWHUDWXUH DUH ZULWWHQ KDV EHHQ SUHVHUYHG 7KLV ODQJXDJH LQWURGXFHGGXULQJWKHUHLJQRI(PSHURU6RQJWVHQ*DPSR ± $' LV EDVHG RQWKH,QGLFVFULSW ,QVSLWHRID GHFOLQHLQLWVJUDPPDWLFDOXVDJHRYHU WKHODVWVL[GHFDGHV RZLQJ WRSROLWLFDOXSKHDYDOWKH7LEHWDQODQJXDJHDOVRNQRZQDV%KRWL RU%RGKL UHPDLQV RQHRIWKH PRVWLPSRUWDQWODQJXDJHV RI&HQWUDO$VLD,QDGGLWLRQWKHODQJXDJHKDVEHFRPHZHOO NQRZQIRU LWVVLJQLILFDQWFRQWULEXWLRQWRZDUG WKHGHYHORSPHQWRIKXPDQVRFLHW\ -
Reception of Words Through Translation in Boro Language
January 2018, Volume 5, Issue 1 JETIR (ISSN-2349-5162) RECEPTION OF WORDS THROUGH TRANSLATION IN BORO LANGUAGE Apurba Kumar Baro Asstt. Professor Department of Bodo, B.H. College, Howly, Assam, India Abstract: This paper aims at investigating the reception of words through translation process available in Boro language. Boro language has enormous number of basic words. Besides these basic words in this language words have been coined through various sources. It has been observed that Boro has adapted a lot of constructed words via translation process based on morphological and semantic point of view. Fulfillment of the needs of language is one of the reasons that have been constructed of words through translation process from different sources. Keywords: Adaptation, translation, hybridization, clipping, discourse 1. INTRODUCTION Linguistically Boro language is belonging to the Tibeto-Burman branch of the greater Sino-Tibetan family of languages. At present majority of Boro linguistic speakers are mainly found in B.T.A.D. (Bodoland Territorial Area District). Boro language is a scheduled language of Indian constitution and is a language of both used in spoken and written form. The Boros have a lot of inherited words from Tibeto-Burman origin. But these basic words of TB origin are not enough to fulfill the need of academic and literary purposes of the language. As a result a lot of words have been constructed and coined based on the Boro structure. It is observed that such coining words have been constructed based on contend, semantic function, and morphological nature of the words. In this regard constructed of the words through translation process in Boro language is remarkable. -
Learning to Serve and to Roam You Could Ask Almost Any Tibetan
CHAPTER FIVE LEARNING TO SERVE AND TO ROAM You could ask almost any Tibetan secondary student in Tibet or the diaspora where the writing system for Tibetan came from and they would tell you the story of King Songtsen Gampo and his seven ministers. While it is unclear if this story recounts actual events, it is the most well known account regarding the origins of the Tibetan writing system and as such is part of Tibetans’ collective memory. Through its retelling to successive generations of Tibetan children, it has helped to shape ideologies of lit- eracy by linking the writing system to Tibetan religion and the Tibetan nation-state. In this version of the origination story, King Songtsen Gampo, the sixth century ruler of Tibet, is credited with having sent seven government min- isters to India with the mission of bringing back a writing system that could be used to translate Buddhist texts into Tibetan. These ministers, however, met with many hardships while in India. Six of the ministers succumbed to illness or disease, leaving Thonmi Sambhota the sole minis- ter to return to Tibet with the writing system they had developed from the Indian Devanagari script. So famous is the story of this perilous journey and successful return that a statue of Thonmi Sambhota today stands in the main courtyard at the Tibetan Academy of Social Sciences in Lhasa. Outside the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in McLeod Ganj, there is a mural depicting him sitting cross-legged writing the Tibetan alphasyllabary1 on parchment. The story of the Tibetan script, King Songtsen Gampo, and Thonmi Sambhota, however, is more than just a tale of adventure and adversity. -
International Journal of Global Economic Light (JGEL) Journal DOI
SJIF Impact Factor: 6.047 Volume: 6 | November - October 2019 -2020 ISSN(Print ): 2250 – 2017 International Journal of Global Economic Light (JGEL) Journal DOI : https://doi.org/10.36713/epra0003 IDENTITY MOVEMENTS AND INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT IN ASSAM Ananda Chandra Ghosh Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Cachar College, Silchar,788001,Assam, India ABSTRACT Assam, the most populous state of North East India has been experiencing the problem of internal displacement since independence. The environmental factors like the great earth quake of 1950 displaced many people in the state. Flood and river bank erosion too have caused displacement of many people in Assam every year. But the displacement which has drawn the attention of the social scientists is the internal displacement caused by conflicts and identity movements. The Official Language Movement of 1960 , Language movement of 1972 and the Assam movement(1979-1985) were the main identity movements which generated large scale violence conflicts and internal displacement in post colonial Assam .These identity movements and their consequence internal displacement can not be understood in isolation from the ethno –linguistic composition, colonial policy of administration, complex history of migration and the partition of the state in 1947.Considering these factors in the present study an attempt has been made to analyze the internal displacement caused by Language movements and Assam movement. KEYWORDS: displacement, conflicts, identity movements, linguistic composition DISCUSSION are concentrated in the different corners of the state. Some of The state of Assam is considered as mini India. It is these Tribes have assimilated themselves and have become connected with main land of India with a narrow patch of the part and parcel of Assamese nationality. -
20 December 2002
MON ASH UNIVERSITY THESIS ACCEPTED IN SATISFACTION OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ON. n . 20 December 2002 Research Graduate Sc'nool Committee Under the copyright Act 1968, this thesis must be used only under the normal conditions of scholarly fair dealing for the purposes of research, criticism or review. In particular no results or conclusions should be extracted from it, nor should it be copied or closely paraphrased in whole or in part without the written consent of the author. Proper written acknowledgement should be made for any assistance obtained from this thesis. ERRATA p 255 para 2, 3rd line. "Furthermore" for "Furthemore" p 257 para 2, 3rd line: "the Aitons" for "The Aitons" th p xiii para 5,4 line: "compiled" for "complied" p 269 para 1, 1* line: omit "see" nd p xvii para 1, 2 line: "other" for "othr" p 293 para 1, 3rd line: "not" for "nor" rd p xix para 8, 3 line: omit *ull stop after "the late" p 301 para 1, 4th line: "post-modify" for "post-modifier" rd p 5 para 5, 3 line: "bandh is often" for "bandh often" p 306 example (64), 6th line, "3PI" for "3Sg" th p 21 para 1, 4 line: "led" for "lead" p 324 footnote 61, 2nd line: "whether (76) is a case" for "whether (76) a nd p 29 footnote 21, 2 line: omit one "that" case" st p 34 para 2,1 line: substitute a comma for the full stop p 333 para 1, 3rd line: "as is" for "as does" st p 67 para 3,1 line: "contains" for "contain" p 334 para 1, last line: add final full stop p 71 last para, last line: "the" for "The" p 334 para 2, 1st line: "Example" for "Examples" -
Languages of New York State Is Designed As a Resource for All Education Professionals, but with Particular Consideration to Those Who Work with Bilingual1 Students
TTHE LLANGUAGES OF NNEW YYORK SSTATE:: A CUNY-NYSIEB GUIDE FOR EDUCATORS LUISANGELYN MOLINA, GRADE 9 ALEXANDER FFUNK This guide was developed by CUNY-NYSIEB, a collaborative project of the Research Institute for the Study of Language in Urban Society (RISLUS) and the Ph.D. Program in Urban Education at the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, and funded by the New York State Education Department. The guide was written under the direction of CUNY-NYSIEB's Project Director, Nelson Flores, and the Principal Investigators of the project: Ricardo Otheguy, Ofelia García and Kate Menken. For more information about CUNY-NYSIEB, visit www.cuny-nysieb.org. Published in 2012 by CUNY-NYSIEB, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, NY, NY 10016. [email protected]. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alexander Funk has a Bachelor of Arts in music and English from Yale University, and is a doctoral student in linguistics at the CUNY Graduate Center, where his theoretical research focuses on the semantics and syntax of a phenomenon known as ‘non-intersective modification.’ He has taught for several years in the Department of English at Hunter College and the Department of Linguistics and Communications Disorders at Queens College, and has served on the research staff for the Long-Term English Language Learner Project headed by Kate Menken, as well as on the development team for CUNY’s nascent Institute for Language Education in Transcultural Context. Prior to his graduate studies, Mr. Funk worked for nearly a decade in education: as an ESL instructor and teacher trainer in New York City, and as a gym, math and English teacher in Barcelona. -
Socio-Political Movements in North Bengal (A Sub-Himalayan Tract) Edited by Publish by Global Vision Publishing House Sukhbilas Barma
Socio-Political Movements in North Bengal (A Sub-Himalayan Tract) Edited by Publish by Global Vision Publishing House Sukhbilas Barma Kamata Language— A Brilliant Past and Tragic End Dharma Narayan Barma Long before the epic ages, North-east India was infested with different tribes namely Austric, Dravidians and Mongoloid people. The Austric people entered this region from Australia through south-eastern direction of India, Dravidians from west and Mongolians from China through North-eastern passes. And lately came the Aryans from Mid- India. In the Ramayana, we find that Naraka the foster son of king Janaka of Mithila entered Pragjotishpur and dethroned Ghataka, the Kirat king. According to Kalikapurana, Naraka on his coronation brought in many Aryans from Mithila and made them settled there permanently. Naraka was a unique warrior who demolished the neighbouring Kirat kingdoms and established an empire in Pragjyotishpur. Because of his heroic nature and might, he could easily sustain the wrath of the neighbouring tribal kings for which he was known as Asura. The appellation, ‘Asura’ does not mean demon; Rig Veda has clearly said that the term ‘Asura’ means warrior, and great hero. Dharma Narayan Barma: A retired teacher of Tufanganj High School. 212 Socio-Political Movements in North Bengal Kamrupa, an Ancient Settlement of the Aryans After Naraka, his son the famous king Vagadatta of Mahabharata, sided with the Kauravas in the Kurukshetra war and gave his daughter Bhanumati to marriage with Duryodhana, the Kaurava king. In these ways, Aryans spread towards the east (Pragjyotispura) in those days. In the 4th century B.C.