From the White House to Whiskeytown an Administrative History of the Creation of Whiskeytown National Recreation Area LAKF BFB BLUFF B S D B L U FF O/FFBS/OM ÛAM
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National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Whiskeytown National Recreation Area From the White House to Whiskeytown An Administrative History of the Creation of Whiskeytown National Recreation Area LAKF BFB BLUFF B S D B L U FF O/FFBS/OM ÛAM F SHA MA COLUSA SPA MM/MC CHA MMFL TFHAMA-COLUSA CAMAL (-'ll / ! (*(oÖ (s% From the White House to Whiskeytown An Administrative History of the Creation of Whiskeytown National Recreation Area Whiskeytown National Recreation Area P.0. Box 188 Whiskeytown, CA 96095 Jim Milestone Superintendent Whiskeytown National Recreation Area Research and Text: Jim F. Milestone Editing: Meredith L. Timpson CVP portions reviewed by: Joseph E. Patten Layout and Document Prep: Steve Thede, Phyllis Swanson Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 5 The Marshall Plan.........................................................................................................................6 Shasta Dam ..................................................................................................................................7 The Trinity River Project...............................................................................................................8 Area of Origin Rights..................................................................................................................9 The Bureau of Reclamation's Initial Plan for the Trinity River...............................................10 The Campaign to Build Whiskeytown Dam ........................................................................... 10 Whiskeytown Dam Decided.....................................................................................................12 Establishing the Whiskeytown Project Take Line....................................................................12 Recreation Planning and the Bureau of Reclamation.............................................................13 Recreational Planning for Whiskeytown Reservoir-A State Park or County Park?............. 14 National Park Service Planners Push for Expanded County Park.........................................15 Local Redding Leadership Raises Concerns Over Minimum Basic Recreational Facilities ...16 Senator John F. Kennedy is Elected President of the United States......................................19 James K. Carr, the new Undersecretary of the Interior..........................................................19 Undersecretary James Carr Encourages National Park Service Director Wirth to Embrace National Recreation Areas.................................................................................................. 20 The President's National Conservation Tour...........................................................................29 White House Conference on Conservation............................................................................ 30 The Western Conservation Trips- August 1962 and September 1963.................................. 31 The 1963 Conservation Trip.....................................................................................................32 The Hayfork Hikers.................................................................................................................... 36 The President's Arrival...............................................................................................................37 The President's Speech at Whiskeytown Dam........................................................................38 The President's Conservation Message...................................................................................40 Post Conservation Tour............................................................................................................ 41 Seven Weeks Later: The President's Assassination.................................................................43 The Whiskeytown Memorial.................................................................................................... 43 National Recreation Area's Enabling Legislation.................................................................... 44 The House of Representatives Action.....................................................................................44 The Senate Action..................................................................................................................... 46 Conclusion................................................................................................................................. 46 Bibliography............................................................................................................................... 48 The following document is a chronology of the events, people and decisions that contributed to the creation of Whiskeytown National Recreation Area. Were it not for the positioning of local people in national offices and the additional extraordinary effort of local community leaders, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area would not have been created. 4 From the White House to Whiskeytown From the White House to Whiskeytown An Administrative History of the Creation of Whiskeytown National Recreation Area Introduction in elevation from 700 feet to 6,200 feet above sea level. The park’s largest mountain, Shasta Bally, is Whiskeytown National Recreation Area receives snow capped typically into early June just as the over 703,000 visitors annually. Over 16,000 warm summer temperatures begin to settle in. visitors participate in the park’s ranger led From the summit of Shasta Bally, steep canyons hikes, nature walks, evening programs and free drop off in four major tributaries that lead down kayak tours annually. The park is known for into the Clear Creek watershed. Paige Boulder its superb equestrian and mountain bike trails, Creek, Brandy Creek, Boulder Creek, Mill Creek its hiking and romantic waterfalls in Brandy, and Crystal Creek from the south and from Boulder, and Crystal Creeks. The park is also the north, Whiskey Creek and Grizzly Gulch becoming recognized for its ecological diversity all drain into the Clear Creek drainage. Only and abundant wildlife; from the rare northern Paige Boulder Creek and Orifino Creeks are spotted owls to salmon migrating from San below the Clair Hill-Whiskeytown Dam. Below Francisco’s Golden Gate Channel up into Lower Whiskeytown Dam, one can see the Clear Creek Clear Creek to the base of Whiskeytown Dam. Canyon drain to the south. Along this canyon, How did this beautiful national park site come the Wintu caught migrating salmon moving up to pass? Who had the vision and the foresight the Sacramento River from the Pacific Ocean via to create this public pleasuring ground? Who the Golden Gate in San Francisco Bay. were the people responsible for this man made lake and setting aside the surrounding forest and Chaparral brush fields, oak woodland and knob mountains to be preserved for the enjoyment cone pine covers the lower elevations of the park of future generations? Why did the Kennedy from 700 feet ASL to around 2000 feet where Administration select Whiskeytown to be part of the forest transitions from an oak woodland to a their national Conservation Tour in September mixed conifer forest. Old growth stands can be of 1963? found on the west side of Shasta Bally Mountain around 4,500 ASL. Most of the forest throughout Since 1963, visitors have always found the park were selectively logged prior to the Whiskeytown Lake the centerpiece of park’s establishment and are recovering in recreational opportunities within the national second growth forest condition. recreation area because of its cool relief from the summer heat, often above 100 degrees between The park is geographically located on the eastern June and September. However, the national park slope of the Klamath Mountains of Northern site offers much more than just a 3,200-acre lake. California’s Coast Range and is uniquely Over 42,000 acres of forest in a rugged mountain situated in an ecologically diverse region. The landscape with snow capped mountains, deep park has an abundance of fauna and flora that river canyons, and waterfalls is the picturesque is unparalleled in most of California. The park setting that people have lived, worked, played averages 60 inches of rain per year because of on and explored for thousands of years. The its geographic location and orographic effects in span of history and the relationship between this mountainous terrain and proximity to the humans and the landscape dates Pacific Ocean. back eight thousand years with Native Americans who inhabited Following several thousand years of use by the these hills and valleys hunting and Wintu Tribe, the only known dramatic changes fishing for animals and plants much that occurred on the landscape were periodic like the visitors of today are still wildfires. 1 Iowever, a significant alteration doing. The Wintu Indians lived to the landscape occurred in the next couple here because of the availability of of decades following the discovery of gold in water in the streams and tributaries California in 1849. Whiskeytown’s gold rush era of Clear Creek. It was the area’s began in the following months and the first white abundance of clear clean water settlers to the area established themselves circa that would allow the white man to 1852. search for gold, develop orchards, and standing crops and eventually The California Gold Rush Era was a historically one of the nation’s