DOCSLIB.ORG

Major Problems in the Era of the American Revolution, 1760-1791

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Major Problems in the Era of the American Revolution, 1760-1791 Major Problems in the Era of the American Revolution, 1760-1791 DOCUMENTS AND ESSAYS SECOND EDITION EDITED BY RICHARD D. BROWN UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY Boston New York 238 Major Problems in the Era ofthe American Revolution Outsiders and Enemies: Native Americans and the Loyalists 239 ",,{;It)Q. o •. ESSAYS divisions in the Ohio country during the revolutionary era. The history of Coshocton .<:t<l(1p-o reveals not only the complex divisiveness of Indian politics and diplomacy but also Professor Gregory Evans Dowd, of the University of Notre Dame, recounts the impact of the intractable difficulties, often anchored stubbornly in the thickening sediments of the Revolutionary War for native Americans of the Ohio region in the first essay. Through Anglo-American hatred, that borderland Indians faced when they looked to the east Dowd's explanation of the interplay of warfare and diplomacy, it becomes apparent that for peace, ... there was only a narrow range of options for the Indians, none of them particularly effective. The treaties of 1763 and 1783 combined to create a half-century or more of instability and ultimate decline for the Indians of the trans-Appalachian region. The second essay, by Pro­ Accommodath.miI! Coshocton, 1775-1779 fessor Robert M. Calhoon of the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, considers the The Delaware consistently advocated good relations with the United Loyalist dimension of the fighting, which, like the Indian warfare, brought death and de­ leader~ho struction to large areas. States\\l~.[~Whi~~~s a!!Q..!~.illbuck. They lived near the cluster of Moravian mis­ sion towns of Schtinbrunn, Gnadenhutten, and Salem. Neither had converted to ,,­ Cbr.isti.anity, but the most outspoken neutralist, White Eyes, consistently Oj5'i)osed There Was No Winning Strategy for the Indians nativists who threatened the missions. White Eyes had been proposing a Delaware GREGORY EVANS DOWD partnership with Anglo-America since 1773 .... White Eyes had two aims for his people. First, he sought to gain Congress's Only one group of Upper Ohio country Indians would hold out for friendship with recognition of Delaware possession of lands north of the Ohio. Second, he sought the emerging republic for most of the Revolutionary War: the inhabitants of the Anglo-American instruction. He sought both landed autonomy and active eco­ polyglot cluster of villages surrounding Coshocton. All others had taken arms nomic cooperati.t:>_n u~JLQfwhite teadiefS:>Once achieved, the two ~ against the United States by the fall of 1777. Established as the opening shots of ends would bring Security of title and the benefits, as he saw them, of an economy the Revolution were tired in the East, Coshocton with its environs became a refuge productive of material goods. They would also win back the Christian neophytes, for Indians of the region who sought to stand apart from the widespread pattern or at least provide for their continued place among the Delawares .... of hostility toward the Anglo-American rebels. Although the village leaders, who The revolutionary Americans, even when pressed to keep Indian war parties favored neutrality, were Unami-speaking Delawarcs.- Coshocton also sheltered off their borders, would not ratify any treaty that implied Delaware possession. {, Munsee Dela\V~res_~J?~~~a~!1ees. Coshocton's Shawnees, members of a people They did not wish to offend the still largely neutral Six Nations, on whose spurious j often portrayed as adamantly militant, reveal that forces other than simple tribal or 'r claim to much of the trans-Appalachian west many of the colonial purchases had ethnic loyalty were at work in dividing Indians during the early years of the Amer­ been made, including, for example, the Kentucky cession disputed by the Shawnees ican republic's expansion. Instead of joining close relatives in battle against the in Dunmore's War. American support for the Six Nation's claims to the Ohio country, United States, these nonmilitant Shawnees had decided to dwell among a Iike­ against those of the Shawnees and Delawares, hindered attempts by the Shawnee minded faction of De"iawai"es. - .-­ neutralist Cornstalk and the Delaware neutralist White Eyes to increase support for ~ The movement for pan-Indian unity was cut against such factions. It cannot be their peaceful policies. IfWhite Eyes' hopes for American recognition of Delaware fully understood without some inquiry into the opinions, policies, and failures of possessions went unsatisfied in the early years of the war, his desire for economic Indians who stood against it. The Shawnees and Delawares of Coshocton did just acculturation ran up against even more formidable barriers. that. While north and south of the Ohio River religiously minded nativists joined The neutralist vision of economic and technological transformation unfolds sug­ supply-minded advocates of accommodation in an alliance with Great Britain, the gestively in a set of documents from the negotiations of the treaty council at Fort Coshocton villagers sought peace with the United States. Alone in the Upper Ohio September 1778. According to the terms of the treaty, negotiated largely by White between 1777 and 1779, they were not alone on the continent; factions among the ,.1'; Eyes, the Delawares of the village of Coshocton and the neutral Mequashake Six Nations, Catawbas, Cherokees, Creeks, Chickasaws, Potawatomis, Piankashaws, Shawnees should "become the same people." In strong opposition to nativist notions and others also sought cooperation, tolerance, and harrnony with the AnglO-American of the separateness of Ang.!Q:AI!l~ricMs and Indians, White Eyes desired that "young I,' settlers. Like the Coshoctons, many of these peopl'eswoiiIatillimately meetmtter men''-o{COshocton~md the United States "may be made acquainted with one another disappointment. & that there may be no distinction between them." The representatives of Congress l'~ , Because of the proximity of Coshocton of Moravian missions, of an active promised to send schoolmasters to the CoshoctQIlS to teachJheiLchildren. The most American frontier garrison at Fort Pitt, of the British garrison at Detroit, and of radical Americai1suggestiori~ never implemented by Congress, guaranteed the Dela­ Britain's agents operating along Lake Erie, we have good records concerning such wares' possession of all their claimed lands and suggested, audaciously, that the C Ohio Indians still in friendship with the United States might "form a state whereof' the Delaware Nation shall be the head. and have a representation in Congress: Pro­ Dowd, A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 1745-1815, pp. 65-87. vided, nothing in this article to be considered as conclusive until it meets with the © 1992 by Johns Hopkins University Press. approbation of Congress." It is inconceivable that such a proposal was accepted, in 241 240 Major Problems in the Era afthe American Revolution Outsiders and Bnemies: Native Americans and the Loyalists good faith, by even the most broad-minded of the commissioners, but it certainly Counties" would allow an Indian supply train to pass unmolested, "so violent are illustrates the lengths American agents were williQgjo run _"Pj_~ they were the Prejudices against the Indians." Even the Delaware carrot of certain land ces­ willing to spin in order to achieve Delaware neutrality. sions failed to raise the necessary supplies .... Britain, meanwhile, did its best to keep the other northern Indians in cloth, Neutral Delaware leaders Killbuck and White Eyes were serious enough about J,r peace with the United States to send three of their loved ones-George White Eyes powder, and ball. The British kuew they had the advantage in Indian relations. Gen­ (White Eyes' eight-year-old son), John Killbuck (Killbuck's sixteen-year-old eral FredeEic:k.Haldimaoo.:wrutc.Major Arrent de Peyster in 1780 that "the Indians ?J son), and Thomas (Killbuck's eighteen-year-old half brother)-deep into Anglo­ in generm..Jy~h to protract the War."·Added to the danger ofAnglo-American settle­ rJ America, to Princeton, New Jersey, to live in the home of Indian agent Colonel ment, Indians generally favored the British because "it is impossible they can draw ,/ George Morgan. There they attended the local schools, including the college. resources from the Rebels & they absolutely depend upon us for every Blanket --::--c~----c _ .•- ........»-.----..-------­ More indicative of his willingness to cooperate with the United States was they are covered with. Game remained scarce, trade was disrupted by war, and (" White Eyes' intention to have an American garrison established near Coshocton to winters in the Ohio country could be fierce. The Indians needed blankets. It was a , protect his people against the rising opposition of his militant Indian neighbors. simple need, but if it could not be met in trade with the Anglo-Americans it had to f The fort was to provide the Coshoctons with "Provisions and Ammunition," as be met somehow. Even for Indians who distrusted militant nativists, who put no well as with protection. This did not mean military alliance. The Delawares were faith in pan-Indianism, B.I.ill§!L~lliW!ies \\I~re one, reasQn to take arms against the , not ready to combine their request for a fort with a pledge to give active support to Anglo-Americans.... They did so particularly in the wake of American raids. In the South, the raids j the Americans, at least not in 1778 .... The American promise to build a fort as both a supply base and a possible de­ of 1776 had driven the Cherokee nation proper to neutrality, but in the North, cir­ fensive haven for the Delawares and an American plan for the capture of Detroit cumstances differed, and American raids only increased Indian hostilities. The combined to produce Fort Laurens, an isolated, poorly supplied garrison that failed Senecas suffered from the most serious northern invasions in 1779.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In Search of the Indiana Lenape
    IN SEARCH OF THE INDIANA LENAPE: A PREDICTIVE SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THE LENAPE LIVING ALONG THE WHITE RIVER IN INDIANA FROM 1790 - 1821 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY JESSICA L. YANN DR. RONALD HICKS, CHAIR BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA DECEMBER 2009 Table of Contents Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................................ iii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Research Goals ............................................................................................................................ 1 Background .................................................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 2: Theory and Methods ................................................................................................. 6 Explaining Contact and Its Material Remains ............................................................................. 6 Predicting the Intensity of Change and its Effects on Identity................................................... 14 Change and the Lenape .............................................................................................................. 16 Methods ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Treaty of Fort Pitt Broken
    Treaty Of Fort Pitt Broken Abraham is coliform: she producing sleepily and potentiates her cinquain. Horacio ratten his thiouracil cores verbosely, but denser Pate never steels so downwardly. Popular Moore spilings: he attitudinizes his ropings tenth and threefold. The only as well made guyasuta and peace faction keep away theanimals or the last agreed that Detailed Entry View whereas you The Lenape Talking Dictionary. Fort Pitt Museum Collection 1759 Pennsylvania Historical and Museum. Of Indians at Fort Carlton Fort Pitt and Battle long with Adhesions. What did Lenape eat? A blockhouse at Fort Pitt where upon first formal treaty pattern the United. Other regions of broken by teedyuscung and pitt treaty of fort broken rifle like their cultural features extensive political nation. George washington and pitt treaty at fort was intent on the shores of us the happy state, leaders signed finishing the american! Often these boats would use broken neck at their destination and used for. Aug 12 2014 Indians plan toward their load on Fort Pitt in this painting by Robert Griffing. What Indian tribes lived in NJ? How honest American Indian Treaties Were natural HISTORY. Medals and broken up to a representation. By blaming the British for a smallpox epidemic that same broken out happen the Micmac during these war. The building cabins near fort pitt nodoubt assisted in their lands were quick decline would improve upon between and pitt treaty of fort broken treaties and as tamanen, royal inhabitants of that we ought to them. The Delaware Treaty of 177 Fort Pitt Museum Blog. Treaty of Fort Laramie 16 Our Documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Former Pennsylvania National Bank Building City of Pittsburgh Historic Landmark Nomination
    Former Pennsylvania National Bank Building City of Pittsburgh Historic Landmark Nomination Prepared by Preservation Pittsburgh 412.256.8755 1501 Reedsdale St., Suite 5003 August, 2019. Pittsburgh, PA 15233 www.preservationpgh.org HISTORIC REVIEW COMMISSION Division of Development Administration and Review City of Pittsburgh, Department of City Planning 200 Ross Street, Third Floor Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219 INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY HISTORIC NOMINATION FORM Fee Schedule HRC Staff Use Only Please make check payable to Treasurer, City of Pittsburgh Date Received: .................................................. Individual Landmark Nomination: $100.00 Parcel No.: ........................................................ District Nomination: $250.00 Ward: ................................................................ Zoning Classification: ....................................... 1. HISTORIC NAME OF PROPERTY: Bldg. Inspector: ................................................. Council District: ................................................ Pennsylvania National Bank 2. CURRENT NAME OF PROPERTY: Desmone Architects (One Doughboy Square) 3. LOCATION a. Street: 3480 Butler Street b. City, State, Zip Code: Pittsburgh, PA 15201 c. Neighborhood: Lawrenceville 4. OWNERSHIP d. Owner(s): Doughboy Square Partnership (as represented by Chip Desmone) e. Street: 3400 Butler Street f. City, State, Zip Code: Pittsburgh, PA 15201 Phone: (412) 683 - 3230 5. CLASSIFICATION AND USE – Check all that apply Type Ownership Current Use: Structure Private – home
    [Show full text]
  • "Our Own Flesh and Blood?": Delaware Indians and Moravians in the Eighteenth-Century Ohio Country
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2017 "Our Own Flesh and Blood?": Delaware Indians and Moravians in the Eighteenth-Century Ohio Country. Jennifer L. Miller Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Miller, Jennifer L., ""Our Own Flesh and Blood?": Delaware Indians and Moravians in the Eighteenth- Century Ohio Country." (2017). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 8183. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/8183 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Our Own Flesh and Blood?”: Delaware Indians and Moravians in the Eighteenth-Century Ohio Country Jennifer L. Miller Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences At West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Tyler Boulware, Ph.D., chair Melissa Bingmann, Ph.D. Joseph Hodge, Ph.D. Brian Luskey, Ph.D. Rachel Wheeler, Ph.D. Department of History Morgantown, West Virginia 2017 Keywords: Moravians, Delaware Indians, Ohio Country, Pennsylvania, Seven Years’ War, American Revolution, Bethlehem, Gnadenhütten, Schoenbrunn Copyright 2017 Jennifer L.
    [Show full text]
  • The Moravian Church and the White River Indian Mission
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1991 "An Instrument for Awakening": The Moravian Church and the White River Indian Mission Scott Edward Atwood College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the History of Religion Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Atwood, Scott Edward, ""An Instrument for Awakening": The Moravian Church and the White River Indian Mission" (1991). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625693. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-5mtt-7p05 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "AN INSTRUMENT FOR AWAKENING": THE MORAVIAN CHURCH AND THE WHITE RIVER INDIAN MISSION A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements-for the Degree of Master of Arts by Scott Edward Atwood 1991 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Author Approved, May 1991 <^4*«9_^x .UU James Axtell Michael McGiffert Thaddeus W. Tate, Jr. i i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Moravian Missions in Ohio. by Francis C. Huebner
    Boston University OpenBU http://open.bu.edu Theology Library Christian Mission 1898 The Moravian missions in Ohio. By Francis C. Huebner https://hdl.handle.net/2144/767 Boston University H88 Books will be i of proper library c Unless labeled Ihet^Ac. book* may be retained (or four vmJuJr Borrowers finding books marked, defacedor mutilated are ex- pected to report 'same at library deik; other- wise the latt borrower will be held responsible for all imperfections discovered. The card holder is responsible for all books drawn on his card. No books issued unless penalties are paid. Lost cards and change of 'residence must be reported promptly. Kansas City, Mo. Keep Your Bard In this Pockat KANSAS CITY M MORAVIAN MISSIONS IN OHIO. BY FRANCIS C. HUEBNER. 'WASHINGTON, X>. O. : SIMMS & LBWIS, PRINTERS. 1898. Copyright, 1898, by FKANCTS 0. HUBBNER, WASHINGTON, D. C. PRICE; 76 CENTS. PREFACE. The early life of the writer of this little volume was spent on the banks of the Tuscarawas Kiver within a stone's throw of the site of the old Indian town of Gnadenhutten, and it was here that an interest in the history of the missions was first awakened. Two old apple trees which had been planted by the Indian converts, and depressions in the earth caused by the "caving in" of the cellars where stood the houses of the inhabitants, outlined what had existed, while two solemn mounds and a tall, grey monu- ment bearing the inscription, "Here triumphed in death ninety Christian Indians, March 8, 1782," told the story of the end.
    [Show full text]
  • The Commemoration of Colonel Crawford and the Vilification of Simon Girty: How Politicians, Historians, and the Public Manipulate Memory
    THE COMMEMORATION OF COLONEL CRAWFORD AND THE VILIFICATION OF SIMON GIRTY: HOW POLITICIANS, HISTORIANS, AND THE PUBLIC MANIPULATE MEMORY Joshua Catalano A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2015 Committee: Andrew Schocket, Advisor Rebecca Mancuso ii ABSTRACT Andrew Schocket, Advisor In 1782, Colonel William Crawford led a force of a few hundred soldiers in a campaign to destroy the Indian forces gathered on the Sandusky Plains in present day Ohio. Crawford was captured by an enemy party following a botched offensive and was taken prisoner. After being tried, Crawford was brutally tortured and then burned alive in retaliation for a previous American campaign that slaughtered nearly one hundred peaceful Indians at the Moravian village of Gnadenhutten. This work analyzes the production, dissemination, and continual reinterpretation of the burning of Crawford until the War of 1812 and argues that the memory of the event impacted local, national, and international relations in addition to the reputations of two of its protagonists, William Crawford and Simon Girty. iii For Parker B. Brown iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank both members of my committee, Andrew Schocket and Rebecca Mancuso, for their continuous support, critique, and feedback. Their flexibility and trust allowed me to significantly change the overall direction and composition of this work without sacrificing quality. Ruth Herndon’s encouragement to explore and interrogate the construction and dissemination of historical narratives is evident throughout this work. I am also in debt to Christie Weininger for bringing the story of Colonel Crawford to my attention.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emergence and Decline of the Delaware Indian Nation in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Country, 1730--1795
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2005 The emergence and decline of the Delaware Indian nation in western Pennsylvania and the Ohio country, 1730--1795 Richard S. Grimes West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Grimes, Richard S., "The emergence and decline of the Delaware Indian nation in western Pennsylvania and the Ohio country, 1730--1795" (2005). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 4150. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4150 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Emergence and Decline of the Delaware Indian Nation in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Country, 1730-1795 Richard S. Grimes Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Mary Lou Lustig, Ph.D., Chair Kenneth A.
    [Show full text]
  • A Thesis Entitled a History of Fort Meigs
    A Thesis entitled A History of Fort Meigs: The Fort‘s Reconstruction as Reflection of Sense of Place to Northwest Ohio by Ashley A. Johnson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in History ________________________________________________ Dr .Diane Britton, Committee Chair ________________________________________________ Dr. Michael Jakobson, Committee Member ________________________________________________ Professor Barbara Floyd, Committee Member ________________________________________________ Dr. Patricia R. Komuniecki, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo May 2011 Copyright 2011, Ashley A. Johnson This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no part of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An abstract of A History of Fort Meigs: The Fort‘s Reconstruction as Reflection of Sense of Place to Northwest Ohio by Ashley A. Johnson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in History The University of Toledo May 2011 Fort Meigs has endured for nearly 200 years due to its sense of place it offers to northwest Ohio. A sense of place consists of an area that offers locals an anchor of identity and explanation to understand their place and existence in time and space. In 1813, Fort Meigs first served northwest Ohio through the War of 1812 campaigns after the disastrous River Raisin Massacre and other repeated American losses; the two campaigns at the fort helped to turn the war in America‘s favor. Following the war period, the fort continued to serve the area by providing a space and backdrop for such things as political campaigns, memorial grounds for soldiers, celebrations of American war victories, and as a recreational area.
    [Show full text]
  • Along the Ohio Trail
    Along The Ohio Trail A Short History of Ohio Lands Dear Ohioan, Meet Simon, your trail guide through Ohio’s history! As the 17th state in the Union, Ohio has a unique history that I hope you will find interesting and worth exploring. As you read Along the Ohio Trail, you will learn about Ohio’s geography, what the first Ohioan’s were like, how Ohio was discovered, and other fun facts that made Ohio the place you call home. Enjoy the adventure in learning more about our great state! Sincerely, Keith Faber Ohio Auditor of State Along the Ohio Trail Table of Contents page Ohio Geography . .1 Prehistoric Ohio . .8 Native Americans, Explorers, and Traders . .17 Ohio Land Claims 1770-1785 . .27 The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 . .37 Settling the Ohio Lands 1787-1800 . .42 Ohio Statehood 1800-1812 . .61 Ohio and the Nation 1800-1900 . .73 Ohio’s Lands Today . .81 The Origin of Ohio’s County Names . .82 Bibliography . .85 Glossary . .86 Additional Reading . .88 Did you know that Ohio is Hi! I’m Simon and almost the same distance I’ll be your trail across as it is up and down guide as we learn (about 200 miles)? Our about the land we call Ohio. state is shaped in an unusual way. Some people think it looks like a flag waving in the wind. Others say it looks like a heart. The shape is mostly caused by the Ohio River on the east and south and Lake Erie in the north. It is the 35th largest state in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Girty, the White Indian
    B. Geo. Washington Ranck. G529r [Simon] Girty, the White Indian. (1886; 1955 rept.) ILLINOIS HISTORICAL SURVEY U.S. -920 GIP2TV5-fati. The White Indian Qriy.ihc untitle \nSxn Qwrq«y.\M2ck Prepared by the Staff of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County 1955 One cf a ftbtorical scries, ifti* pampfclet is published under ifte direction of % governing Boards 4 tte Public library of Tort Wayne and Qllcn County, }Tbs5adie. <Kj/k%^,s »0f-IPUM5f-M-M{ITyW^WAyffl "'*«**•"; grin^* aTiS^er, 5WxW ,x 4 %se/>^ CJcfcmer, Jic«Za/y -^v PUBLIC LIBRARY BOARP FOR ALLEN COUNTY % members oflfrbBoard mchiddfc mmbmofiteBcaid^fek^^ citizen* clwsai|jvm QlknCouitty<rabi&'tfte corjwaleCity offaiWayne -- o — . «~ •, 7 1 • Bfct- ;r- wH ^2>x CAjoj-Us 9?ey/)o/a/s ff2n. G/enn f/eruterson . 3. 6 52^ FOREWORD Simon Girty, known as "the Great Renegade, " was despised and hated by the frontier settlers in the Old Northwest during and after the Revolutionary War. His conduct was characterized by savage malignity and atrocious acts of cruelty toward the white race. The following account originally appeared in the MAGAZINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY, volume XV, March, 1886. George W. Ranck signed the article. The Boards and the Staff of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County reprint the article verbatim in the hope that it will be interesting and informative to Library patrons Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/girtywhiteindianOOranc Though Simon Girty was one of the most unique and lurid characters that ever figured in the annals of the West ; though the part he played among the Indian tribes was frequently important and sometimes con- spicuous, and though his life was a tragic romance from the cradle to the grave, yet all that was known of him for more than a hundred years from the time that he first made himself feared and hated was comprised in a few widely scattered fragments written entirely by his enemies and dis- figured by errors and inconsistencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Native American Indians
    Native American Indians Local Camp Sites, Forts and Mounds Indian Trails Native American Indians Also see Maps Album - Maps of Native American Tribes, Trails, Camps Indian Trails in the Bedford - Walton Hills area Early Indian Trails and Villages in Pre-Pioneer Times Indian Trails Passing through our area Recorded Indian Sites in the Bedford - Walton Hills area Also see Album - Maps Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Lower Tinkers Creek Region - Also see Maps Album Tinkers Creek Valley Tinkers Creek from its Source to its Mouth, in 3 sections/pages The Many Fingers of Tinkers Creek in our area Tinkers Creek and its Tributaries 1961 map of Proposed Lake Shawnee, map 1 1961 map of Proposed Lake Shawnee, map 2 - Also see Maps Album Tinkers Creek Valley 1923-1933 Scenic and Historic Tinkers Creek Valley Map of Tinkers Creek Valley Legend and Map of Tinkers Creek Valley Legend and Map of Deerlick Creek Valley 1989 - Bedford Reservation and Cuyahoga Valley National Park areas within Walton Hills Boundaries - Also see Maps Album Special Areas of the Tinkers Creek Valley, Bedford Reservation 1923-1933 Topography and Elevations Streams Woodlands Trails and Lanes Early Residents - homes, bams Legend and Map - Places of Interest Also see Native American items on exhibit at Walton Hills Historical Resource Center, Community Room, Walton Hills Village Hall, corner of Walton and Alexander Roads, Walton Hills, Ohio CHAPTER 4 INDIAN SITES For many years, from mid Spring through Autumn, bands of woodland Indians camped in the western half of Walton Hills. Their summer campsites were near major Indian trails for east-west and north-south travel.
    [Show full text]