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Mission March 2014 | Vol Journal of Lutheran Mission March 2014 | Vol. 1 | No. 1 Table of Contents Missio Dei by Scott R. Murray ........................................................................................................................ 6 Evangelicalism: The Heartbeat of American Protestantism and the Awkward Companion of American Lutheranism by Walter Sundberg ........................... 8 Response to Walter Sundberg by Lawrence R. Rast, Jr. ....................................................................... 16 Ecclesiology, Mission and Partner Relations: What it Means That Lutheran Mission Plants Lutheran Churches by Albert B. Collver ................................................................. 20 The Future of Mission in the LCMS: Collaboration by Jack Preus ................................................ 28 Teaching the Faith Once Delivered by Charles P. Arand .................................................................. 32 Challenges to Teaching the Faith as a Component of Mission Strategy by Terry Cripe ..................................................................................................................................................... 40 What Will Happen to Missouri? by Randall L. Golter ....................................................................... 44 LCMS Mission: A Paradigm of Its Own by Klaus Detlev Schulz ....................................................... 46 Response to Detlev Schultz’s “LCMS Mission — A Paradigm of Its Own” by William W. Schumacher ............................................................................................................................. 56 A Theological Statement for Mission in the 21st Century by Matthew C. Harrison ................................................................................................................................ 60 Book Review: “You Have the Words of Eternal Life:” Transformative Readings of the Gospel of John from a Lutheran Perspective ............................................................................. 70 Book Review: Into All the World:The Story of Lutheran Foreign Missions ................................ 78 © 2014 The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod. Editorial office: Published by The Lutheran Church— Reproduction of a single article or column for parish 1333 S. Kirkwood Road, Missouri Synod. use only does not require permission of The Journal St. Louis, MO 63122-7294, Please direct queries to of Lutheran Mission. Such reproductions, however, 314-996-1202 should credit The Journal of Lutheran Mission as the [email protected]. source. Cover images are not reproducible without This journal may also be found at www. permission. Also, photos and images credited to lcms.org/journaloflutheranmission. sources outside the LCMS are not to be copied. Member: Associated Church Press Evangelical Press Association (ISSN 2334-1998) A periodical of The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod’s Offices of National and International Mission. One author suggests a return to Luther’s theology, to he who Evangelicalism: The Heartbeat stands behind the parties of of American Protestantism and Orthodoxy and Pietism. What does he have to say that might get the Awkward Companion of us thinking, in terms of our own American Lutheranism tradition, about mission? by Walter Sundberg Lutheranism and the First Great Awakening understood the church in terms of sacramental incorpo- he First Great Awakening — often dated ration; New Lights defined the church in terms of adult from 1735 to 1742 with aftershocks extending at commitment through testimony and helped to create the least to the death of George Whitefield, the great widespread popularity and social dynamism of the Great Titinerant preacher, in 1770 — was arguably the single Awakening. As a good Puritan, Edwards taught that the most important religious event of an extended nature in normal beginning of genuine Christian life is spiritual American religious history. Its theological blueprint was transformation, the sign of which is when an individual provided by Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758), pastor of a publicly declares allegiance to Jesus Christ as Lord and pivotal Puritan congregation, First Church in Northamp- Savior. The principle of spiritual transformation under- ton, Massachusetts, who dedicated himself to revival in girds the theology of conversion and preaching for the large part because of the influence of purpose of conversion that marked his maternal grandfather, Solomon the awakening movement. Its most Stoddard (1643-1729) who also pur- Luther laments important leader was the master sued revival — or as it was commonly that for most people, preacher George Whitefield (1714- called in that day “awakening” — for Baptism makes no 1770), who in his seven trips to most of his sixty years of ministry. Like difference. They lose America between 1738 and 1770 was his grandfather, Edwards sought a heard by approximately 80 percent way to escape the spiritual depression their way on the of the colonists. Hearing Whitefield that gripped two generations of Puri- perilous journey preached was the first widely shared tans and that had compromised their on earth. event in the history of the American faith in the Halfway Covenant (1662), nationhood. which allowed church members who Commitment to awakening was a had not given personal testimony to Christ — the essen- common feature of colonial Lutheranism. I will illustrate tial requirement for full membership and participation in this with an anecdote. On the afternoon of August 13, the Lord’s Supper — to have their children baptized. The 1748, in Philadelphia, John Nicholas Kurtz was examined effect of this decision was to define the church in terms for ordination to the Christian ministry so that he could of sacramental incorporation. This made the church an be licensed to receive a call from the deacons of a congre- institution of convention instead of a community of the gation in Tulpehocken, Pennsylvania. This quintessential committed: an understanding that threatened the integri- churchly activity is recorded as part of the minutes of the ty and identity of the Puritan movement. first convention of the Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium Edwards led an awakening in his church beginning of Pennsylvania, the founding of which is recognized in 1735 that resulted in a book that was The Purpose as the beginning of an organized Lutheran presence Driven Church of its day: A Faithful Narrative of the Sur- in America, 28 years before the Declaration of Inde- prising Work of God (1738). This book, especially given pendence. Present at the examination were the historic its 20 printings, provided a theological framework that figures John Christopher Hartwig (1714-1796), who was separated “Old Lights” from “New Lights.” Old Lights at that time a missionary to German settlers in what is 8 Journal of Lutheran Mission | The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod now upstate New York and would later be the benefactor as active in the reform of the church as the priesthood of of Harwick Seminary, and Henry Melchior Muhlenberg all believers. (1711-1787), who would become the patriarch of Ameri- “The office of ministry,” said Spener, must “be occu- can Lutheranism. Muhlenberg is the one Lutheran pastor pied by men who, above all, must be true Christians.”2 whom most Lutherans in America revere, whatever their And what he meant by this was nothing mysterious or Synod allegiance or ethnic heritage, as a figure of inspira- arcane. Spener simply meant that pastors of the church tion and theological guidance. According to the minutes needed to have experienced the dynamic impact of faith of the Ministerium, “Candidate Kurtz” had been given in Jesus Christ by being called as the disciples were called these instructions for his oral examination: from their fishermen’s nets, or challenged to “rebirth” as The candidate is to prepare a sketch of his life, Jesus challenged Nicodemus or confronted and drafted giving, in as brief a compass as possible, an account for arduous service as Saul had experienced on the road of its chief events and of his academical studies. to Damascus. Whatever consciously brought Christians to As this may readily become too extensive, it will faith, this was the faith that was desperately needed. suffice, if he briefly narrate: 1. His first awakening; 2. Spener knew in his heart a principle that is common How God furthered the work of grace in his heart; place among evangelists today: “Changed people change 3. What moved him to study for the holy ministry, churches.” As this principle is true so unfortunately is and where, in what branches and under whose its contrary: “Unchanged people change nothing.” In the direction, he has attempted to prepare himself.1 church, unchanged people usually manage ecclesiastical organizations doomed to decline. To be awakened is to Kurtz must have given satisfactory answers to these know that Jesus Christ alone is Savior and that the pur- questions for we know that on the evening of August 13, pose of life is to love God and love the neighbor before the deacons of the congregation in Tulpehocken extended satisfying the desires of the self. him a call. Muhlenberg carried this theology to America. It The pastors who formulated the examination informed his preaching, teaching and presiding. I will questions for Kurtz practiced ministry under the rigorous use his practice of presiding as my example. In 1746, discipline of what we know today as Lutheran Pietism. Muhlenberg reported to his superiors
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