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Pasados Poscoloniales Titulo Pandey, Gyanendra - Autor/A; Lorenzen, David N Pasados Poscoloniales Titulo Pandey, Gyanendra - Autor/a; Lorenzen, David N. - Autor/a; Prakash, Gyan - Autor(es) Autor/a; Dirks, Nicholas B. - Autor/a; Chatterjee, Partha - Autor/a; Amin, Shahid - Autor/a; Kaviraj, Sudipta - Autor/a; Sarkar, Tanika - Autor/a; Mani, Lata - Autor/a; Guha, Ranajit - Autor/a; Cohn, Bernard S - Autor/a; Franco, Germán - Autor/a; Dube, Saurabh - Compilador/a o Editor/a; Devalle, Susana - Autor/a; Chakrabarty, Dipesh - Autor/a; Dube, Saurabh - Autor/a; Lugar CEAA, Centro de Estudios de Asia y África Editorial/Editor El Colegio de México 1999 Fecha Colección Historia política; Historia social; Colonialismo; Cultura; Mujeres; India; Temas Libro Tipo de documento http://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/Mexico/ceaa-colmex/20100410103607/Pasados.p URL df Reconocimiento-No comercial-Sin obras derivadas 2.0 Genérica Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.edu.ar PASADOS POSCOLONIALES SAURABH DUBE (COORDINADOR) EL COLEGIO DE MÉXICO, MÉXICO D.F., 1999 http://www.clacso.org/libros/poscolonialismo/poscol.html INDICE RECONOCIMIENTO PRÓLOGO A MANERA DE PRESENTACIÓN GERMÁN FRANCO INTRODUCCIÓN: TEMAS E INTERSECCIONES DE LOS PASADOS POSCOLONIALES SAURABH DUBE CRONOLOGÍA ADVERTENCIA PRIMERA PARTE LECTURA DEL COLONIALISMO REPRESENTACIÓN DE LA AUTORIDAD EN LA INDIA VICTORIANA, BERNARD S. COHN LA PROSA DE CONTRAINSURGENCIA RANAJIT GUHA TRADICIONES EN DISCORDIA: EL DEBATE SOBRE LA SATI EN LA INDIA COLONIALA LATA MANI SU LIBRO, SU VIDA. AUTOBIOGRAFÍA DE UNA MUJER DEL SIGLO XIX TANIKA SARKAR SEGUNDA PARTE REVISION DE LA NACIONES LA INSTITUCIÓN IMAGINARIA DE LA INDIA SUDIPTA KAVIRAJ GANDHI COMO MAHATMA: DISTRITO DE GORAKHPUR, UP ORIENTAL, 1921-1922 SHAHID AMIN LA NACIÓN Y SUS MUJERES PARTHA CHATTERJEE TERCERA PARTE REFUNDICION DE LOS MARGENES LA CASTA ORIGINAL: PODER, HISTORIA Y JERARQUÍA EN EL SUR DE ASIA NICHOLAS B. DIRKS LA REPRODUCCIÓN DE LA DESIGUALDAD: CULTOS A LOS ESPÍRITUS Y RELACIONES LABORALES EN EL ESTE DE LA INDIA DURANTE EL PERÍODO COLONIAL GYAN PRAKASH TRADICIONES DEL HINDUISMO NO DEPENDIENTE DE LA CASTA: EL KABIR PANTH DAVID N. LORENZEN LENGUAJES DE AUTORIDAD Y PROYECTOS GENERADOS Y DE GÉNERO: LA SATNAMI MAHASABHA, CHHATTISGARH, 1925-1950 SAURABH DUBE CUARTA PARTE EN CASA Y AFUERA EN DEFENSA DEL FRAGMENTO: ESCRIBIR LA LUCHA HINDO-MUSULMANA EN LA INDIA ACTUAL GYANENDRA PANDEY CULTURA DE LA OPRESIÓN Y CULTURA DE LA PROTESTA SUSANA DEVALLE LA POSCOLONIALIDAD Y EL ARTILUGIO DE LA HISTORIA: QUIÉN HABLA EN NOMBRE DE LOS PASADOS "INDIOS"? DIPESH CHAKRABARTY RECONOCIMIENTOS Desde su concepción hasta su publicación, tres años han sido necesarios para hacer Pasados poscoloniales. No hay de qué sorprenderse: a libro grande, esfuerzo grande. Emprendo ahora la placentera labor de agradecer la participación de aquéllos que han hecho posible este proyecto, y el trabajo que se le ha dedicado un placer. Por los principios de lo maravilloso: Leela Dube. Por lo maravilloso de los principios: Ishita Banerjee Dube. Por la calidez de la amistad: David Lorenzen. Por su apoyo crítico: Shahid Amin, Roger Bartra, Dipesh Chakrabarty, Partha Chatterjee, Bernard Cohn, Ranajit Guha y Andrés Lira. Por los ánimos: Flora Botton, Paul Greenough, Gordon Johnson y Benjamín Preciado. Por una comunidad intelectual compartida: Fernando Coronil, Walter Mignolo, José Rabasa, Ajay Skaria, Guillermo Zermeño, los participantes del taller “Cross-Genealogies and Subaltern Knowledges” de la Universidad de Duke en octubre de 1998 y los colaboradores de este libro, en particular Shahid Amin, Dipesh Chakrabarty, Partha Chatterjee, Bernard Cohn, Susana Devalle, Nicholas Dirks, Ranajit Guha, Sudipta Kaviraj, David Lorenzen, Gyanendra Pandey, Gyan Prakash y Tanika Sarkar. Por su solidaridad: Pratyusha Basu, Ned Bertz, Pilar Camacho, Laura Carballido, John Marston, Patricio Nelson y Andrea Seri. Por la creencia y la duda: los estudiantes de la licenciatura en Relaciones Internacionales, a quienes ha sido un placer tener como estudiantes, de El Colegio de México. Por la solución de las vicisitudes de la publicación: Romer Cornejo, José María Espinasa, Omita Goyal y Jorge Silva. Las energías y erudición de dos inteligencias críticas y almas insurgentes apuntalan los contornos y preocupaciones de Pasados poscoloniales. Este libro va dedicado a Bernard Cohn y Ranajit Guha: tributo personal que, estoy seguro, será compartido por mi generación y las venideras. Más que el traductor de Pasados poscoloniales, Germán Franco ha sido un camarada y un co- conspirador en esta aventura. He pensado diferentes formas de agradecerle su colaboración. Pero a fin de cuentas este libro es tan suyo como mío. Por el permiso para reproducir en la traducción al español parte de materiales protegidos por el derecho de autor, doy gracias a las siguientes personas e instituciones: California University Press por Dipesh Chakrabarty, “Postcoloniality and the artifice of history: Who speaks for ‘Indian’ pasts?”, Representations, 37, invierno 1992, 1-26; y por Gyanendra Pandey, “In defence of the fragment: Writing about Hindu-Muslim riots today”, Representations, 37, invierno 1992, 27-55; Bernard Cohn por Bernard Cohn “Representing authority in Victorian India”, en Eric Hobsbawm y Terence Ranger, eds., The Invention of Tradition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983; Modern Asian Studies, Cambridge University Press, por Gyan Prakash, “Reproducing inequality: Spirit cults and labour relations in colonial eastern India”, Modern Asian Studies, 20, 1986, 209-230; Princeton University Press por Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993, capítulo 6; Oxford University Press, Nueva Delhi, por Ranajit Guha, “The prose of counter-insurgency”, en Guha, ed., Subaltern Studies II: Writings on South Asian History and Society, Nueva Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983; por Shahid Amin, “Gandhi as Mahatma: Gorakhpur District, eastern UP, 1921-2”, en Guha, ed., Subaltern Studies III: Writings on South Asian History and Society, Nueva Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1984; y por Sudipta Kaviraj, “The imaginary institution of India”, en Partha Chatterjee y Gyanendra Pandey, eds., Subaltern Studies VII: Writings on South Asian History and Society, Nueva Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992; Sage Publications, la India, por David Lorenzen, “Traditions of non- caste Hinduism: the Kabirpanth”, Contributions to Indian Sociology, 21, 2, 1987, 263-83; por Nicholas Dirks, “The original caste: Power, history and hierarchy in South Asia”, Contributions to Indian Sociology, 23, 1, 1989, 59-77; por Susana Devalle, Discourses of Ethnicity: Culture and Protest in Jharkhand, Nueva Delhi: Sage Publications, capítulo 6; y por Saurabh Dube, “Idioms of authority and engendered agendas: The Satnami Mahasabha, Chhattisgarh, 1925-1950”, Indian Economic and Social History Review, 30, 4, 1993, 383-411; Tanika Sarkar por Tanika Sarkar, “A book of her own. A life of her own: Autobiography of a nineteenth-century woman”, History Workshop Journal, 36, 1993, 35-65. S.D. PRÓLOGO A MANERA DE PRESENTACIÓN Germán Franco La única obligación que tenemos con la historia es volver a escribirla. Óscar Wilde El curioso lector observará que en estas páginas no encontrará a la India de la romántica imaginación decimonónica ni del decadente orientalismo de fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Los grandes mitos de la religión, la filosofía, las castas, la ciencia, la política y hasta de la historia del subcontinente habrán de “acostarse en el olvido” para permitir, durante su sueño, un viaje por los espacios y tiempos de historias poco conocidas en el mundo hispanohablante. Aquel camino de leyendas permanecerá envuelto en una neblina espesada por el tedio de su familiaridad, privando quizás al lector de la imagen de un presente estable y de un futuro previsible. En cambio, se abren aquí senderos ya transitados lo bastante como para que la vegetación no los cierre con facilidad, que conducen a otros objetos que conservan las huellas de esas historias. Legítimas creaciones de quienes vivieron e hicieron la vida de lo que hoy vemos como una nación (especialmente los grupos llamados subalternos), son instituciones, relatos, ideas que parten de diferentes presentes recorriendo simultáneamente direcciones opuestas en el tiempo, para formar la historia de pueblos cuyos avatares nunca han perdido su imprecisión, pero que reclaman su lugar en la vida institucional de dicha nación. La lectura de estos textos no es un desafío pequeño y, probablemente, se sentirá con obstinada fuerza la tentación de asociar a cosas conocidas personas, objetos e historias, de destacar rasgos que tal vez no sean tan importantes pero cuya notoriedad tranquiliza porque distrae. Responder al reto de una observación detenida de pueblos (personas) y sus cosas puede convertirse en revelación, incluso viola- ción, de secretos inesperados cuya sorpresa no deja de generar relaciones equivocadas. El riesgo es real, tanto, que a menudo el descubrir secretos es una práctica que se asocia con posesión, dominio y conquista. Sin embargo, esa violencia que se ejerce sobre la memoria no permanece sin respuesta pues a la fuerza se entremezcla la incomprensión. Los secretos se rebelan y obligan a hacer un silencio
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