DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent Office

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Patent Office United States Patent Office 3,330,620 Patented July 11, 1967 2 3,330,620 aqueous solution is used and this base is selected from METHOD FOR OXEDZNG AMMONUMSULFTE TO AMMONUMSULFATE the group consisting of pyridine, picolines, lutidines, col Angel Vian-Ortino and Vicente Martin-Municio, Madrid, lidines, quinoline, pyridic coal-tar bases, pyridic bases Spain, assignors to Empresa Auxiliar de la Industria, derived from petro-chemical processes, bases containing S.A., Madrid, Spain 5 pyridinic condensed rings and derivatives thereof. No Drawing. Fied Apr. 22, 1963, Ser. No. 274,806 The method of the present invention of converting am Claims priority, application Spain, Apr. 23, 1962, monium sulfite into ammonium sulfate may also be car 276,718 ried out by forming a dispersion of an organic, nitro 15 Claims. (C. 23-119) gen-containing base in an aqueous solution of ammonium 10 sulfate and ammonium sulfite, the organic base being in The present invention relates to a process for the soluble in the aqueous solution and being present in an quantitative oxidation of ammonium sulfite and, more amount equal to between 10% and 80% of the volume particularly, for the oxidation of ammonium sulfite which of the dispersion, passing air through the dispersion while has been formed by absorption of sulfur dioxide in aque the same is maintained at an elevated temperature of be ous ammonia solutions. Thus, the present invention is also 5 tween 40 and 140 C. and at an absolute pressure of be concerned with the recovery of sulfur dioxide from waste tween 1 and 11 atmospheres so as to substantially com gases in the form of ammonium sulfate. pletely oxidize the ammonium sulfite of the solution to The recovery and utilization of small concentrations of ammonium sulfate, separating the base from the thus sulfur dioxide which are contained in waste gases dis formed substantial ammonium sulfite-free solution, and charged, for instance, from sulfuric acid plants, thermal 20 recovering ammonium sulfate from the solution. power stations, certain types of metallurgic foundries and Surprisingly, it has been found that the oxidation of Sul the like poses an important problem. It is desired not only fite to sulfate can be carried out with up to a substantial to prevent contamination of the surrounding atmosphere ly 100% yield by proceeding in accordance with the pres Such as would happen by allowing sulfur dioxide-contain ent invention, namely by oxidizing the aqueous solution ing gases to escape, but also to recover the sulfur diox of ammonium sulfite in the presence of a nitrogenous ide-even though present only in great dilution-and to organic base, and preferably under the conditions de convert the same into valuable products. scribed further below. It is well known to selectively absorb the sulfur dioxide To proceed in this manner has the further advantage of Such waste gases in aqueous dispersions and solutions that the nitrogenous base which is insoluble or immiscible of lime and in aqueous ammonia solutions. However, the 30 in the aqueous sulfite and/or sulfate solution will form a further treatment of the thus-formed sulfites is connected distinct separate layer when the mixture is allowed to with considerable difficulties. stand and thus, upon completion of the oxidation, the If a solution of ammonia in water or in a saline solu nitrogenous base can be easily separated by decantation tion is used as absorbent for the sulfur dioxide, it has from the aqueous ammonium sulafte solution. The thus been proposed to subject the thus-formed sulfur dioxide 35 obtained ammonium sulfate solution which preferably containing solution to contact with oxygen, for instance, will be a substantially Saturated solution maintained at an with the oxygen of the air, so as to transform the am elevated temperature, may then be cooled whereby the monium sulfite of the solution into ammonium sulfate solubility of the ammonium sulfate will be reduced and which then may be recovered as a crystallized product. a portion thereof will crystallize from the supersaturated However, in industrial practice, this direct oxidation poses 40 solution formed by cooling. It is, of course, also possible great difficulties inasmuch as due to the gradual change in to obtain crystallized ammonium sulfate by evaporation of the pH of the solution the yield of the oxidizing reaction the solution. The thus obtained solid product is suitable, diminishes gradually and eventually reaches zero. It has without further processing, for use in and as fertilizer or been attempted to overcome this difficulty by adding cata the like. The working conditions under which the am lysts such as certain cobalt, copper and iron salts as well 45 monium sulfate is recovered from the aqueous solution as by trying to control the pH, however, nevertheless, thereof are less critical than is the case in the separation still.after some time the oxidation practically comes to a stand and recovery of many other chemical compounds. The organic base which facilitates the oxidation of the It is, therefore, an object of the present invention ammonium sulfite and which should be finely dispersed to overcome the above discussed difficulties in the recov 50 throughout the aqueous solution during oxidation of the ery of Sulfur dioxide in the form of ammonium sulfate. same may be any nitrogenous base which is immiscible It is a further object of the present invention to pro with the aqueous solution and which is weaker than am vide a method by which ammonium sulfite contained in monia so that it will not cause freeing of ammonia from an aqueous solution can be substantially completely con the dissolved ammonium sulfite or sulfate. verted into ammonium sulfate in a simple and economical 55 Thus, heterocyclic aromatic, aliphatic, cycloparaffinic anner. and cycloolefinic amines, the heavy pyridic bases of the Other objects and advantages of the present invention type derived from coal-tar, xylidine, toluidines, quinoline, will become apparent from a further reading of the de dimethylaniline, methylamine, ethanolamines, cyclohexyl scription and of the appended claims. aniline, pyridine, lutidines, diphenylamine, picoline, col With the above and other objects in view, the present 60 lidine, methylethylpyridine and dipyridyl may be used as invention comprises in a method of oxidizing ammonium well as other compounds which are of pyridic character sulfite to ammonium sulfate, the step of contacting with or contain condensed pyridic rings, as well as nitrogen an oxygen-containing gas an aqueous ammonium sulfite containing basic derivatives thereof. containing solution having dispersed therethrough an or Preferably, the solution containing the ammonium sul ganic, nitrogen-containing base so as to oxidize the am 65 fite which is to be oxidized to ammonium sulfate will be monium sulfite of the Solution to ammonium sulfate there a concentrated solution of ammonium sulfate which con by forming an aqueous ammonium sulfate-containing tains between about 10 and 15% of ammonium sulfite. Solution which is substantially free of ammonium sulfite. When feasible it is desirable to control the absorption of According to a preferred embodiment of the present Sulfur dioxide from the waste gases or the like in such a invention, a nitrogen-containing organic base which is 70 manner that thereby a solution is formed which will be a Weaker than ammonium and which is insoluble in the concentrated solution of ammonium sulfate containing be. tween 10 and 15% of ammonium sulfite and the thus 3,330,620 4. t sulfate, sataurated at 20 C., is passed a gas stream which formed solution is then immediately subjected to oxidation contains 1.18 kg. of gaseous ammonia, and simultaneously in accordance with the present invention. Oxidation of the dissolved ammonium sulfite is carried or successively another stream of gas consisting of or con out according to the present invention by contacting the taining 2.22 kg. or SO2. To the resulting solution are ammonium sulfite-containing solution in the presence of added 0.625 kg. of water and 60 kg. of the fraction of a nitrogenous base with gaseous oxygen which may be in pyridic bases boiling between 140 and 170° C. The entire troduced in the form of air, or pure oxygen, or air which mixture is then introduced into a reactor, in the interior has been enriched with oxygen. The best results are ob of which exists an oxygen atmosphere, heated therein to tained if the oxidation is carried out at a somewhat ele 80° C. and vigorously stirred. The oxygen in the reactor is vated temperature such as between 40 and 140° C. and O replenished as it is consumed in the reaction, resulting in preferably at a temperature between 70 and 90° C., and a total consumption of 0.39 standard cubic meter of at an absolute pressure of between 1 and 11 atmospheres. OXygen. It is preferred to operate within the above described tem After one hour the oxidation is complete, and by fur perature and pressure ranges, however, the invention is ther treating the contents of the reactor in the same way not to be considered limited thereto. Generally, somewhat 15 as indicated in Example I, 4.8 kg. of ammonium sulfate higher pressures will be preferred in combination with in form of crystals are obtained, while at the same time somewhat lower temperatures, in other words, the tem a saturated (at (20 C.) ammonium sulfate solution is perature may be inverse to the utilized pressure. formed which is separated from the organic base by de The proportion of the organic base in the liquid mix cantation, or which may be re-used together with the ture containing ammonium sulfite which is to be oxidized 20 organic base for the absorption and oxidation of additional may vary within broad ranges and preferably will be main Sulfur dioxide.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Environmental Protection Agency § 117.3
    Environmental Protection Agency § 117.3 (4) Applicability date. This paragraph TABLE 117.3—REPORTABLE QUANTITIES OF (i) is applicable beginning on February HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DESIGNATED PUR- 6, 2020. SUANT TO SECTION 311 OF THE CLEAN (j) Process waste water means any WATER ACT—Continued water which, during manufacturing or Cat- RQ in pounds processing, comes into direct contact Material egory (kilograms) with or results from the production or use of any raw material, intermediate Ammonium benzoate ...................... D ...... 5,000 (2,270) Ammonium bicarbonate .................. D ...... 5,000 (2,270) product, finished product, byproduct, Ammonium bichromate ................... A ....... 10 (4.54) or waste product. Ammonium bifluoride ...................... B ....... 100 (45.4) Ammonium bisulfite ......................... D ...... 5,000 (2,270) [44 FR 50776, Aug. 29, 1979, as amended at 58 Ammonium carbamate .................... D ...... 5,000 (2,270) FR 45039, Aug. 25, 1993; 65 FR 30904, May 15, Ammonium carbonate ..................... D ...... 5,000 (2,270) 2000; 80 FR 37112, June 29, 2015; 83 FR 5208, Ammonium chloride ........................ D ...... 5,000 (2,270) Feb. 6, 2018] Ammonium chromate ...................... A ....... 10 (4.54) Ammonium citrate dibasic ............... D ...... 5,000 (2,270) Ammonium fluoborate ..................... D ...... 5,000 (2,270) § 117.2 Abbreviations. Ammonium fluoride ......................... B ....... 100 (45.4) NPDES equals National Pollutant Ammonium hydroxide ..................... C
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Post-Manufacture Board Treatments on Formaldegyde Emission
    Effects of post-manufacture board treatments on formaldehyde emission: a literature review (1960-1984) George E. Myers treatments. At present I suggest that impregnation of Abstract boards with aqueous solutions (Method 1) is likely to be This paper reviews the literature dealing with the the most reliable because it should permit the use of a many post-manufacture board treatments used to re­ large scavenger excess and also allow neutralization of duce formaldehyde emission from urea-formaldehyde board acidity to reduce resin hydrolysis. bonded boards. Such treatments have almost solely used one or more of five chemical or physical principles: 1) formaldehyde reaction with NH3, 2) formaldehyde reaction with oxygenated sulfur compounds, 3) formal­ This is the fifth in a planned series of six critical dehyde reaction with organic -NH functionality, 4) pH reviews of the literature on different aspects of the adjustment, and 5) physical barrier. I have categorized problem of formaldehyde emission from adhesively the available reports according to four primary board bonded wood products. The series was initiated at the treatment methods that use the five principles in differ­ Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis., in response ent ways. The four primary treatment methods are: to a need expressed by industry representatives for an 1. Application of scavengers as solids or aqueous independent evaluation and summation of data from solutions. Ammonium bicarbonate and carbonate have diverse sources. The six aspects being reviewed concern been used as solid powders, while the solutions involved the effects of formaldehyde-to-urea mole ratio (F/U) a variety of ammonium salts, ammonium and alkali (48), ventilation rate and loading (49), temperature and metal salts with sulfur-containing anions, and urea and humidity (51), separate additions to wood furnish or other compounds having -NH functionality; veneer (52), post-manufacture treatments of boards, 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Orca Corrosion Chart
    Unsaturated Polyester Vinylster (Epoxy Acrylate Resins) CHEMICAL Conc Resins NO ISO BIS Novolac Bromine ENVIRONMENT % 511/512 301 585 570 545/555 A 1 Acetaldehyde 20 NR 40 40 40 2 Acetic Acid 10 80 100 100 100 3 Acetic Acid 15 60 100 100 100 4 Acetic Acid 25 60 100 100 100 5 Acetic Acid 50 - 80 80 80 6 Acetic Acid 75 NR 65 65 65 7 Acetic Acid, Glacial 100 NR NR 40 NR 8 Acetic Anhydride 100 NR NR 40 NR 9 Acetone 10 NR NR 80 80 10 Acetone 100 NR NR NR NR 11 Acetonitrile 20 - 40 40 40 12 Acetyl Acetone 20 - 40 50 40 13 Acrolein (Acrylaldehyde) 20 - 40 40 40 14 Acrylamide 50 NR 40 40 40 15 Acrylic Acid 25 NR 40 40 40 16 Acrylic Latex All - 80 80 80 17 Acrylonitrile Latex Dispersion 2 NR 25 25 25 Activated Carbon Beds, Water 18 - 80 100 80 Treatment Adipic Acid(1.5g solution in 19 23 - 80 80 80 water at 25℃, sol in hot water) 20 ALAMINE amines - 65 80 65 21 Alkyl(C8-10) Dimethyl Amine 100 - 80 100 80 22 Alkyl(C8-10) Chloride All - 80 100 95 23 Alkyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid 90 NR 50 50 50 Alkyl Tolyl Trimethyl 24 - - 40 50 40 Ammonium Chloride 25 Allyl Alcohol 100 NR NR 25 NR 26 Allyl Chloride All NR 25 25 25 27 Alpha Methylstyrene 100 NR 25 50 25 28 Alpha Oleum Sulfates 100 NR 50 50 50 29 Alum Sat'd 80 100 120 100 30 Aluminum Chloride Sat'd 80 100 120 100 31 Aluminum Chlorohydrate All - 100 100 100 32 Aluminum Chlorohydroxide 50 - 100 100 100 33 Aluminum Fluoride All - 25 25 25 34 Aluminum Hydroxide 100 80 80 95 80 35 Aluminum Nitrate All 80 100 100 100 36 Aluminum Potassium Sulfate Sat'd 80 100 120 100 37 Aluminum Sulfate Sat'd 80 100 120 100
    [Show full text]
  • List of Lists
    United States Office of Solid Waste EPA 550-B-10-001 Environmental Protection and Emergency Response May 2010 Agency www.epa.gov/emergencies LIST OF LISTS Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right- To-Know Act (EPCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act • EPCRA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances • CERCLA Hazardous Substances • EPCRA Section 313 Toxic Chemicals • CAA 112(r) Regulated Chemicals For Accidental Release Prevention Office of Emergency Management This page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction................................................................................................................................................ i List of Lists – Conslidated List of Chemicals (by CAS #) Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act ................................................. 1 Appendix A: Alphabetical Listing of Consolidated List ..................................................................... A-1 Appendix B: Radionuclides Listed Under CERCLA .......................................................................... B-1 Appendix C: RCRA Waste Streams and Unlisted Hazardous Wastes................................................ C-1 This page intentionally left blank. LIST OF LISTS Consolidated List of Chemicals
    [Show full text]
  • 0090 Chemical Name: Sulfurous Acid, Monoammonium Salt UN 2693 (Bisulfites, Aqueous Date: October 2008 Revision: November 2016 DOT Number: Solution)
    Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet Common Name: AMMONIUM BISULFITE CAS Number: 10192-30-0 Synonyms: Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfite; Ammonium Sulfite RTK Substance Number: 0090 Chemical Name: Sulfurous Acid, Monoammonium Salt UN 2693 (Bisulfites, aqueous Date: October 2008 Revision: November 2016 DOT Number: solution) Description and Use EMERGENCY RESPONDERS >>>> SEE PAGE 6 Ammonium Bisulfite is a colorless to yellow crystalline (sand- Hazard Summary like) solid that is commonly used in a water solution. It is used Hazard Rating NJDHSS NFPA in fertilizer, water treatment, as a bleaching agent for paper HEALTH 3 - pulp, cotton and wool, and as a hairwaving agent. FLAMMABILITY 0 - REACTIVITY 0 - CORROSIVE POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE Reasons for Citation Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; Ammonium Bisulfite is on the Right to Know Hazardous 4=severe Substance List because it is cited by DOT and EPA. This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List. Ammonium Bisulfite can affect you when inhaled. Contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes with possible eye damage. Inhaling Ammonium Bisulfite can irritate the nose and throat. Inhaling Ammonium Bisulfite can irritate the lungs. Higher SEE GLOSSARY ON PAGE 5. exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency. FIRST AID Ammonium Bisulfite may cause a skin allergy and an Eye Contact asthma like allergy. Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 30 Ammonium Bisulfite is a DOT CORROSIVE material. minutes, lifting upper and lower lids. Remove contact lenses, if worn, while flushing.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of the Solar Hybrid Photo-Thermochemical Sulfur-Ammonia Water Splitting Cycle for Hydrogen Production Agni E
    361 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS The Italian Association VOL. 45, 2015 of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545061 Investigation of the Solar Hybrid Photo-Thermochemical Sulfur-Ammonia Water Splitting Cycle for Hydrogen Production Agni E. Kalyvaa, Ekaterini Ch. Vagiaa, Athanasios G. Konstandopoulosb, Arun R. Srinivasac, Ali T-Raissid, Nazim Muradovd, Konstantinos E. Kakosimos*,a aTexas A&M University at Qatar, Chemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Energy Research Laboratory (SERL), PO Box 23874, Doha, Qatar bChemical Process Engineering Research Institute, Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory (APTL), Center for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH/CPERI), P.O. Box 361, 57001 Thermi-Thessaloniki, Greece cTexas A&M University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA dFlorida Solar Energy Center, University of Central Florida, Cocoa, FL 32922, USA [email protected] Hydrogen is currently being used in many industries, from chemical and refining to metallurgical, glass and electronics, while being at the same time a promising energy carrier. Therefore the need for hydrogen is experiencing a very rapid growth. At the same time, the traditional hydrogen production methods (e.g., steam methane reforming, water electrolysis) are energy and resources intensive. Thus, research focus is on sustainable technologies that can produce hydrogen in an economic and environmental friendly way. Hydrogen production via a solar driven hybrid sulfur-ammonia water splitting cycle (HySA) developed at Florida Solar Energy Center is such a promising technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Exhibit 2D-3
    Exhibit 2D–3. Hazardous Substances 1. Acetaldehyde 73. Captan 144. Ferrous sulfate 2. Acetic acid 74. Carbaryl 145. Formaldehyde 3. Acetic anhydride 75. Carbofuran 146. Formic acid 4. Acetone cyanohydrin 76. Carbon disulfide 147. Fumaric acid 5. Acetyl bromide 77. Carbon tetrachloride 148. Furfural 6. Acetyl chloride 78. Chlordane 149. Guthion 7. Acrolein 79. Chlorine 150. Heptachlor 8. Acrylonitrile 80. Chlorobenzene 151. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 9. Adipic acid 81. Chloroform 152. Hydrochloric acid 10. Aldrin 82. Chloropyrifos 153. Hydrofluoric acid 11. Allyl alcohol 83. Chlorosulfonic acid 154. Hydrogen cyanide 12. Allyl chloride 84. Chromic acetate 155. Hydrogen sulfide 13. Aluminum sulfate 85. Chromic acid 156. Isoprene 14. Ammonia 86. Chromic sulfate 157. Isopropanolamine dodecylbenzenesulfonate 15. Ammonium acetate 87. Chromous chloride 158. Kelthane 16. Ammonium benzoate 88. Cobaltous bromide 159. Kepone 17. Ammonium bicarbonate 89. Cobaltous formate 160. Lead acetate 18. Ammonium bichromate 90. Cobaltous sulfamate 161. Lead arsenate 19. Ammonium bifluoride 91. Coumaphos 162. Lead chloride 20. Ammonium bisulfite 92. Cresol 163. Lead fluoborate 21. Ammonium carbamate 93. Crotonaldehyde 164. Lead fluorite 22. Ammonium carbonate 94. Cupric acetate 165. Lead iodide 23. Ammonium chloride 95. Cupric acetoarsenite 166. Lead nitrate 24. Ammonium chromate 96. Cupric chloride 167. Lead stearate 25. Ammonium citrate 97. Cupric nitrate 168. Lead sulfate 26. Ammonium fluoroborate 98. Cupric oxalate 169. Lead sulfide 27. Ammonium fluoride 99. Cupric sulfate 170. Lead thiocyanate 28. Ammonium hydroxide 100. Cupric sulfate ammoniated 171. Lindane 29. Ammonium oxalate 101. Cupric tartrate 172. Lithium chromate 30. Ammonium silicofluoride 102. Cyanogen chloride 173. Malathion 31. Ammonium sulfamate 103. Cyclohexane 174. Maleic acid 32. Ammonium sulfide 104.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Ammonium Sulfite; (NH4)2S03; Yasuda, M
    Ammonium Sulfite 117 COMPONENTS: ORIGINAL MEASUREMENTS: 1. Ammonium sulfite; (NH4)2S03; Yasuda, M. [10196-18-5] Bull. Inst. Phys. Chem. Research (Tokyo) 2. Water; H20; [7732-18-5] 1924, 3, 43-50. VARIABLES: PREPARED BY: Temperature: 285 - 333 K Mary R. Masson EXPERIMENTAL VALUES: Composition of equIlibrium solutions a S02 NH 3 (NH4)2S03 Solld t/°C mol dm-3 ~tlol dm-3 g dm-3 phase 12 3.463 6.899 403.2 B 15 3.675 7.450 426.5 B 20 3.874 7.728 451.5 B 25 4.060 8.092 470.96 A 30 4.189 8.406 485.9 A 40 4.328 8.859 502.4 A 50 4.919 9.641 570.6 A 60 54.64 10.81 633.7 A a Solid phases: A- 2(NH4)2S03.3H20, B - (NH4)2S03.H20 AUXILIARY INFORHATlON METHOD APPARATUS/PROCEDURE: SOllRC~. AND PURl TV OF ~L\n RI ALS: Equilibrium solutions were analysed by Not stated. "standard methods" (1). bSTlMATED ERROR: No estimates possible. lU.n.RENC~.S: 1. Treadwell, Analytical ChemIstry, 5th Ed., Vol. II, 560, 692. 118 Ammonium Sulfite COMPONENTS: ORIGINAL MEASUREMENTS: 1. AmmonIum sulfIte; (NH4)2S03; IshIkawa, F.; Murooka, T. [10196-04-0] Bull. Inst. Phys. Chern. Research (Tokyo) 2. Water; H20; [7732-18-5] 1928, 7, 1160-76. (In Japanese); SCI. Repts. Tohoku Imp. UnIversIty 1933, 22, 201-219. (In English). VARIABLES: PREPARED BY: Temperature: 260 - 373 K Mary R. Masson EXPERIMENTAL VALUES: a TIme (NH4)2S03 (NH4)2S03 (NH4 )2S03 (NH4 )2S03 t/oC hr mass % mean mass % g/100 m1 soln.
    [Show full text]
  • Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism of Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonium Sulfite
    Asian Journal of Chemistry; Vol. 26, No. 1 (2014), 69-74 http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.15320 Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism of Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonium Sulfite 1 2 3 1 1 1,* SHAOPENG GUO , JIAHUA WANG , XIN CHEN , JIA ZHANG , RUI ZHANG and JUN LU 1Key Laboratory of Coal Gasification, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China 2MWH Environmental Engineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201103, P.R. China 3SINOPEC Ningbo Engineering Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315103, P.R. China *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Received: 13 February 2013; Accepted: 24 May 2013; Published online: 26 December 2013; AJC-14476 The effects of five catalysts on the oxidation rate of ammonium sulfite were compared by intrinsic experiments using self-designed bath reactor. Fe2+ was turned out to be a good catalyst for oxidation of ammonium sulfite. Using stirred bubbling reactor, the kinetics of catalytic oxidation of sulfite in the ammonium-based wet flue gas desulfurization process were investigated by varying concentrations of 2+ (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2SO3 and Fe , pH, air flow rate and temperature. The reaction was found to be first order with respect to ammonium sulfite, 0.4 order with respect to Fe2+ and the oxidation could reach the maximum rate when pH value was close to 6. The mechanism of the oxidation was discussed and concluded that the oxidation is controlled by diffusion of oxygen. Keywords: Kinetics, Mechanism, Catalyst, Ammonium sulfite, Ammonia-based flue gas desulphurization. INTRODUCTION to oxygen. Long et al.6 studied a homogeneous catalyst system for the oxidation of concentrated ammonium sulfite.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Ozone Oxidation of Ammonium Sulfite in Aqueous Solutions Yi Rongjie , Yi Chengwu , Du Daolin ,Wang Huijuan
    4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering (ICSEEE 2015) Study on ozone oxidation of ammonium sulfite in aqueous solutions Yi Rongjie1,2,a, Yi Chengwu1,2,b, Du Daolin1,2,c,Wang Huijuan1,2,d 1School of Environmental, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China 2Jiangsu Collabrative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, P.R. China [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected] Keywords: flue gas desulfurization of ammonia process; reaction kinetics; ozone; ammonium sulfite Abstract:This paper is focused on the situation that the by-product ammonium sulfite produced in the flue gas desulfurization of ammonia process,which carried ozone oxidation experiments. In the reaction container, studied the effect of the factors as oxidation reaction temperature, pH value, ozone flow and initial concentration on the reaction rate of ammonium sulfite oxidation.Then, conducted the oxidation kinetics experiment under the condition that only use ozone.The results showed that ammonium sulfite and ozone concentration are both simple first-order kinetics response in the condition that only the ozone oxidation reactions. Introduction Ammonium sulfite is a by-product produced in the flue gas desulfurization of ammonia process, because it is easy to be disintegrated in the air, the sulfur dioxide produced in this process Cause the secondary pollution. Therefore, the process on ammonium is always the key problem in the flue gas desulfurization of ammonia process application[1]. The usual process is oxidation by use oxidant, produce the product ammonium sulfite, it is more stabilize than ammonium sulfite and it has a higher manurial effect, can be used as agrochemical.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Resistance Guide
    OVERVIEW CHEMICAL The data on this chart is based on short-term (30–60 day) laboratory immersion tests in a controlled RESISTANCE environment (72–77ºF). It is to be used only as a guide in selecting the GUIDE proper coating, lining or sealant for a particular chemical environment. Many factors must be considered when choosing the correct product for an application, including: • Chemical Exposure (Single or Combinations) • Operating Temperature • Temperature Fluctuations • Type of Substrate and its Condition • Mechanical Abuse • Degree of Protection Required KEY TO GUIDE CODES 1. Product is suitable for use in immersion and/or splash and spillage conditions 2. Product is suitable for occasional and inter-mittent contact for periods up to 72 hours in duration 3. Product is suitable for occasional and inter-mittent contact for short time periods with frequent washing NR Not recommended for this application S Product may be stained by this chemical P Postcuring recommended; contact ITW Polymers Sealants North America for details C Non-silica grade recommended for this application It’s always best to test a product in the specific chemical environment prior to use. Test coupons will be furnished upon request. © Copyright 2018 ITW Polymers Sealants North America. All rights reserved. Published technical data and instructions are subject to change without notice. Please visit the online catalog at www. itwsealants.com for the most current technical data and instructions. Or, you may contact your ITW Polymers Sealants North America representative
    [Show full text]
  • SWPPP Appendix E Hazmat
    Appendix E. Oil and Hazardous Materials Material Category RQ in Reporting Requirements pounds (kilograms) In the event of a spill of oil that reaches any surface Ammonia B 100 (45.4) waters, or a spill on land of certain hazardous substances Ammonium acetate D 5,000 (2,270) (listed on the following pages) exceeding the Reportable Ammonium benzoate D 5,000 (2,270) Quantity (RQ) level, the Contractor must: Ammonium bicarbonate D 5,000 (2,270) Ammonium bichromate A 10 (4.54) • Notify the Project Engineer Ammonium bifluoride B 100 (45.4) • Notify the National Response Center in Ammonium bisulfite D 5,000 (2,270) Washington, D.C., immediately at (800) 424- Ammonium carbamate D 5,000 (2,270) 8802 Ammonium carbonate D 5,000 (2,270) • Within 14 days, submit a written description of Ammonium chloride D 5,000 (2,270) the release to the EPA regional office providing Ammonium chromate A 10 (4.54) the date and circumstances of the release and the Ammonium citrate dibasic D 5,000 (2,270) steps to be taken to prevent another release. Ammonium fluoborate D 5,000 (2,270) • Modify the SWPPP to include the information Ammonium fluoride B 100 (45.4) listed above. Ammonium hydroxide C 1,000 (454) • Notify the Alaska Department of Environmental Ammonium oxalate D 5,000 (2,270) Conservation (ADEC) at one of the following Ammonium silicofluoride C 1,000 (454) telephone numbers, depending upon project Ammonium sulfamate D 5,000 (2,270) location: Ammonium sulfide B 100 (45.4) o Central (Anchorage) 907-269-3063 Ammonium sulfite D 5,000 (2,270) o Northern (Fairbanks) 907-451-2121 Ammonium tartrate D 5,000 (2,270) o Southeast (Juneau) 907-465-5340 Ammonium thiocyanate D 5,000 (2,270) o Outside normal business hours, call: Amyl acetate D 5,000 (2,270) 1-800-478-9300 Aniline D 5,000 (2,270) • Complete an Oil and Hazardous Substances Spill Antimony pentachloride C 1,000 (454) Form and submit it to ADEC after telephone Antimony potassium B 100 (45.4) notification.
    [Show full text]