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En Vironmental Laborato Ry Wetlands Regulatory Assistance Program ERDC/EL TR-12-5 Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Hawai‘i and Pacific Islands Region (Version 2.0) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers February 2012 Environmental Laboratory Environmental Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Wetlands Regulatory Assistance Program ERDC/EL TR-12-5 February 2012 Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Hawai‘i and Pacific Islands Region (Version 2.0) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Final report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000 ERDC/EL TR-12-5 ii Abstract: This document is one of a series of Regional Supplements to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual, which provides technical guidance and procedures for identifying and delineating wet- lands that may be subject to regulatory jurisdiction under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act. The development of Regional Supplements is part of a nationwide effort to address regional wetland characteristics and improve the accuracy and efficiency of wetland-delineation procedures. This supplement is applica- ble to the Hawai‘i and Pacific Islands Region, which consists of the state of Hawai‘i, the Territory of Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Territory of American Samoa. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ERDC/EL TR-12-5 iii Contents Figures and Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi Preface ....................................................................................................................................................ix 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose and use of this regional supplement ........................................................................ 1 Applicable region ...................................................................................................................... 3 Physical and biological characteristics of the region ............................................................. 3 The Hawaiian Islands ................................................................................................................... 6 Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands ................................................................................... 7 American Samoa .......................................................................................................................... 9 Types and distribution of wetlands .......................................................................................... 9 2 Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators ............................................................................................. 13 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 13 Guidance on vegetation sampling and analysis ................................................................... 14 Definitions of strata ................................................................................................................... 17 Hydrophytic vegetation indicators ......................................................................................... 17 Procedure ................................................................................................................................... 18 Indicator 1: Rapid test for hydrophytic vegetation ................................................................... 19 Indicator 2: Dominance test ...................................................................................................... 19 Indicator 3: Prevalence index .................................................................................................... 22 3 Hydric Soil Indicators ................................................................................................................... 25 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 25 Concepts ................................................................................................................................. 26 Iron and manganese reduction, translocation, and accumulation ......................................... 26 Sulfate reduction ........................................................................................................................ 27 Organic matter accumulation .................................................................................................... 27 Cautions .................................................................................................................................. 30 Procedures for sampling soils ............................................................................................... 30 Observe and document the site ................................................................................................ 30 Observe and document the soil ................................................................................................ 32 Use of existing soil data ......................................................................................................... 34 Soil surveys ................................................................................................................................. 34 Hydric soils lists .......................................................................................................................... 34 Hydric soil indicators .............................................................................................................. 35 All soils ........................................................................................................................................ 37 Indicator A1: Histosol ..................................................................................................... 38 Indicator A2: Histic Epipedon ........................................................................................ 39 Indicator A3: Black Histic ............................................................................................... 40 Indicator A4: Hydrogen Sulfide ...................................................................................... 40 Indicator A8: Muck Presence ......................................................................................... 41 ERDC/EL TR-12-5 iv Indicator A11: Depleted Below Dark Surface ............................................................... 41 Indicator A12: Thick Dark Surface ................................................................................ 42 Sandy soils .................................................................................................................................. 44 Indicator S4: Sandy Gleyed Matrix ................................................................................ 44 Indicator S5: Sandy Redox............................................................................................. 45 Indicator S7: Dark Surface ............................................................................................ 46 Loamy and clayey soils .............................................................................................................. 47 Indicator F2: Loamy Gleyed Matrix ................................................................................ 47 Indicator F3: Depleted Matrix ........................................................................................ 48 Indicator F6: Redox Dark Surface ................................................................................. 50 Indicator F7: Depleted Dark Surface ............................................................................. 51 Indicator F8: Redox Depressions .................................................................................. 52 Hydric soil indicators for problem soils ................................................................................. 52 Indicator A5: Stratified Layers ....................................................................................... 53 Indicator S1: Sandy Mucky Mineral .............................................................................. 54 Indicator F21: Red Parent Material ............................................................................... 54 Indicator TF12: Very Shallow Dark Surface .................................................................. 55 4 Wetland Hydrology Indicators ..................................................................................................... 56 Introduction
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