DOCSLIB.ORG

Government by Police San Diego, California 9211 O United States ~ N 0 Imprint: London; New York: Routledgecurzon, ~ Fax: Co 2003

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Government by Police San Diego, California 9211 O United States ~ N 0 Imprint: London; New York: Routledgecurzon, ~ Fax: Co 2003 Borrower: CDU Call#: HQ 125 .G7 J67 2003 Lending String: *LRU,CLU,STA,CPO,FDA Location: 3 Patron: iiiiiiiiiiiii !!!!!!!!!!!! iiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiii Journal Title: Josephine Butler and the ODYSSEY ENABLED ~ prostitution campaigns : diseases of the body ~ !!!!!!!!!!!! politic/ Charge Maxcost: 50.00IFM ti'.)= Volume: V.3: The constitution violated Issue: ·-o=$-; =- MonthNear: 2003Pages: pp. 71 --> ? Shipping Address: (I.) == Interlibrary Loan • ....-4;;;,. iiiiiiiiiiiii - Article Author: Butler, Josephine University of San Diego - Copley Library ~ iiiiiiiiiiiii i,-1 iiiiiiiiiiiii 5998 Alcala Park !!!!!!!!!!!! Article Title: Government by Police San Diego, California 9211 O United States ~ N 0 Imprint: London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon, ~ Fax: co 2003. Ariel: -~.. Email: z ILL Number: 207459296 1- 't, 111111111111111111111111111 IIIIIIIIII IIIII IIIII IIII IIII cu :J ..J 8 GOVERNMENT BY POLICE Josephine E. Butler Source: London, Dyer Brothers (1879) It seems probable that one of the greatest questions of the future will be that of ascertaining the best means of effectually counteracting or holding in check the strongly bureaucratic tendencies which we see to be stealing over almost every civilized nation. On the one hand we see imperially-governed countries; and on the other democratic republics, with traditions and aspirations wholly different, but alike only in this,-that police rule in each has so established itself as to become a standing menace to liberty, and an embarrassment and even a rival to the Governments which aim at its reform, or at the restriction of its functions. The object of the present paper is to indicate the position of England in respect to this subject, to suggest certain lessons to be derived from the present struggle in France for decentralization and the curbing of the power of the police, and to point out briefly the dangers which a future liberal Government will incur in this respect, unless duly awakened to the danger of the threatening tyranny-a tyranny which may establish itself under the shelter of a liberal or democratic government, no less than under an autocracy or empire. It is not difficult to recognise the present abuses and dangers which have been allowed to establish themselves in this department of the Executive, as much by the short sightedness and busy over­ legislation of liberal administrations, as by the high hand of a des­ potic or reactionary minister. But to see the path which leads out of the actual complication is not so easy. To denounce the police, to pronounce what it ought not to be and do, is sufficiently easy, so palpable are the inconveniences and wrongs to which the public in various lands are daily subjected by the growing influence of the 71 THE CONSTITUTION VIOLATED ubiquitous and overshadowing Bureau; but to decide the question of what the police ought to be in a free nation, is a problem which will require for its solution the exercise of the wisest heads, and the firm­ est hands among those alike who govern, and those who influence that public opinion whose support is required for the maintenance of any Government. The principles which our forefathers held in regard to free gov­ ernment, however sound we may recognise them to be, have become less easy of application in these modem days of overgrown cities, crowded populations, perpetual locomotion, and complex social life. "Self-government," said Grattan, "is life." It is indeed life; life for the individual, for the family, for all organized communities, for muni­ cipalities, and for nations. The opposite is gradual death for each of these. Protests enough have been uttered against the evil influence of an absolute monarchy on the life of a people; but it is doubtful whether we have yet sufficiently considered, or whether our liberal leaders are at all adequately awake to the fact, that precisely the same evils are accumulating under a bureaucracy, (created it may be by the most liberal Parliament) which forces to act, and does not encourage and fructify the principle of self-action. De Tocqueville, alluding to a tyranny represented, not by one man, but by many, says-" For myself, when l feel the hand of power lie heavy upon me, I care little to know who oppresses me, and I am not the more disposed to pass under the yoke because it is held out to me by the arms of a million of men." Modern Police Government in its worst forms combines the evil of extreme centralization with the activity, in every comer of the nation, of a vast and numerous agency of surveillance, whose very presence tends by slow degrees to enfeeble the sense of res­ ponsibility in the citizens in regard to the order and well-being of society. "It is necessary to have seen nations who have been forced for centuries to submit to constant and minute police interference, in order to have any conception of the degree to which manly action, self-dependence, and inventiveness of proper means, can be eradi­ cated from a whole community." 1 Personal security against bodily violence or harm, (the benefit above all others supposed to be guar­ anteed to the citizen by the ever-present police), is itself purchased at too great a cost, if it be obtained at the price of personal liberty. An extensive preventive police might, by fettering all free individual action, prevent many offences; but mere physical security is not the highest object of pursuit for society, although it is desirable in order that it may obtain its highest objects. There is something bordering on the ludicrous, in the unconscious condemnation of the system 72 GOVERNMENT BY POLICE which they represent, contained in the often repeated, and somewhat sentimental lamentations of our metropolitan superintendents of police, over the growing dependence and carelessness of the popula­ tion of London. Superintendent Howard having reported the thou­ sands of doors and windows found unguarded or open at night, asks despondingly "When will the people of England ever learn to take care of themselves?" The answer is at hand, "never, so long as they are educated by the constant presence of persons delegated by Gov­ ernment to take care of them, even in the minutest particulars." Here is the fulfilment of Lieber's words,-inventiveness, self-protection, and manly self-dependence are being gradually driven out of the people by the delegation of the simplest and most primitive duties of citizens to the agents of the Government. In the old Anglo-Saxon times the whole community was called upon to aid in the protection of life and property, and for a long time the spirit of this system-though the system itself no longer applied-<:ontinued to characterize our administration. In those times the Sheriff of each county, who was elected by the free house­ holders, was the chief officer responsible for the preservation of peace, and the prevention of crime. The county was divided into hundreds; each hundred was again divided into ten divisions; in each division ten freeholders were mutually pledged to repress delinquen­ cies. The Sheriff paid a half-yearly visitation to the "hundred," mak­ ing enquiries as to whether there was any relaxation in the work and efficiency of the voluntary staff of peace officers. This species of self­ regulation answered its purpose extremely well in a country thinly populated; and the sense of responsibility and the spirit of self­ government thus nourished, tended to the favorable development of the moral character of the people. After the conquest, an innovation was made in the Anglo-Saxon system, when the Sheriff, instead of being the elect of the freehold­ ers, came to be appointed directly by the King. He was generally a Norman, and often indisposed to meet the people in their popular courts, and thus the Sheriff's periodical visitations through the coun­ try came to be neglected. Gradually, persons finding it inconvenient to exercise the responsibilities above described deputed others to take their place. The office of constable was then created; the con­ stable taking the place of the Anglo-Saxon hundred or tithing man. In every town and village the constables were to set a watch accord­ ing to the size of the place, every night from Ascension till Michael­ mas, from sunset to sunrise. The prevention of crime and the pursuit of criminals was one of their primary duties, and they were charged 73 THE CONSTITUTION VIOLATED to make a presentment at the Assizes, of all murders and affrays and other offences against the peace. Down to the reign of Elizabeth the spirit of the old system continued. A writer of that day remarked, "Every Englishman is a sergeant to take the thief, and whoso showeth negligence therein doth not only incur evil opinion, but hardly shall escape punishment." The Anglo-Saxon spirit of mutual protection and responsibility, however, gradually fell into decay after that time, and was proportionately replaced by the control and activ­ ity of the supreme executive. The same pleaded necessity which had called into being in the time of Charles 11,a standing army, in place of a militia, also produced a change from voluntary guardianship of the peace to a paid agency for that purpose. When any disturbance was apprehended, the power of the ordinary constables was found to be insufficient, and the aid of the military force was called in. The appearance of controlling a district by military force was felt, how­ ever, to be an evil. The magistrates of Cheshire, in 1829,were the first to make an attempt to improve the administration of the police in their county; they obtained an Act (10 George IV c. 97) which authorised them to appoint and direct a paid constabulary; other districts followed their example, and the idea thus quickly gained ground of employing a trained body of men, subjected to almost military discipline, to fulfil the duties formerly self-imposed by the citizens.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 2. the Checklist for Public Action to Migrant Integration at the Local Level Applied to the City of Paris
    2. THE CHECKLIST FOR PUBLIC ACTION TO MIGRANT INTEGRATION AT THE LOCAL LEVEL APPLIED TO THE CITY OF PARIS 37 │ Chapter 2. The Checklist for public action to migrant integration at the local level applied to the city of Paris This section is structured following the Checklist for public action to migrant integration at the local level, (OECD, 2018a) which comprises a list of 12 key evidence-based objectives, articulated into four mini blocks that can be used by policy makers and practitioners in the development and implementation of migrant integration programmes, at local, regional, national and international levels. This Checklist highlights for the first time common messages and cross-cutting lessons learnt around policy frameworks, institutions, and mechanisms that feature in policies for migrant and refugee integration. This innovative tool has been elaborated by the OECD as part of the larger study on “Working Together for Local Integration of Migrants and Refugees” supported by the European Commission, Directorate General for Regional and urban policies. This part gives a description of the actions implemented in Paris following this framework. WORKING TOGETHER FOR LOCAL INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS AND REFUGEES IN PARIS © OECD 2018 38 2. THE CHECKLIST FOR PUBLIC ACTION TO MIGRANT INTEGRATION AT THE LOCAL LEVEL APPLIED TO THE CITY OF PARIS Box 2.1. A checklist for public action to migrant integration at the local level Block 1. Multi-level governance: Institutional and financial settings • Objective 1. Enhance effectiveness of migrant integration policy through improved vertical co-ordination and implementation at the relevant scale. • Objective 2. Seek policy coherence in addressing the multi- dimensional needs of, and opportunities for, migrants at the local level.
    [Show full text]
  • City of Paris Climate Action Plan
    PARIS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN TOWARDS A CARBON NEUTRAL CITY AND 100% RENEWABLE ENERGIES An action plan For a fairer for 2030 Together and more and an ambition for climate inclusive city for 2050 Conceptualized by: City of Paris, Green Parks and Environment Urban Ecology Agency Designed by: EcoAct Published: May 2018, 2000 copies printed on 100% recycled paper EDITOS A RESILIENT CITY 02 54 THAT ENSURES A HIGH-QUALITY LIVING ENVIRONMENT PREAMBLE 56 Air Improving air quality for better health 05 6 Paris, 10 years of climate action 61 Fire 9 Towards carbon neutrality Strengthen solidarity and resilience 11 Creating a shared vision in response to heat waves 12 Zero local emissions 64 Earth 13 Relocation of production and innovation Biodiversity to benefit all parisians 13 Adaptation, resilience and social inclusion 67 ​Water 14 Three milestones, one urgent need A resource that needs protection for diversified uses A CARBON-NEUTRAL AND 18 100% RENEWABLE-ENERGY CITY A CITY THAT IS VIEWED 19 Energy 70 AS AN ECOSYSTEM Paris: a solar, 100% renewable-energy city 71 A successful energy transition and a key player in French renewables is a fair transition 25 Mobility 76 Mobilisation Paris, the city of shared, active Paris mobilises its citizens and stakeholders and clean transport 81 Governance of the low-carbon transition 34 Buildings A 100% eco-renovated Paris with A CITY THAT MATCHES low-carbon and positive-energy buildings 84 ITS MEANS TO ITS AMBITIONS 40 Urban planning 85 ​Finance A carbon-neutral, resilient A city that is preparing finance for the energy and pleasant city to inhabit transition 44 Waste 88 ​Carbon offsetting Towards zero non-recovered waste Paris fosters metropolitan cooperation and a circular economy in paris for climate action 49 Food 91 Advocacy Paris, a sustainable food city A city that speaks on behalf of cities 95 GLOSSARY Making Paris a carbon-neutral city © Jean-Baptiste Gurliat © Jean-Baptiste powered entirely by renewable energy by 2050.
    [Show full text]
  • Maine State Legislature
    MAINE STATE LEGISLATURE The following document is provided by the LAW AND LEGISLATIVE DIGITAL LIBRARY at the Maine State Law and Legislative Reference Library http://legislature.maine.gov/lawlib Reproduced from scanned originals with text recognition applied (searchable text may contain some errors and/or omissions) .DOC.UMENTS l'Rll'i'TED BY ORDER OF TI-IE LEGISLATURE OF' THE STATE OF MAINE, AUGUSTA: WM, R. SMITH & Co., PRINTERS TO THE STATE 1843. TWENTY-TIIIRD LEGISLATURE. No. 41.J [SENATE. DOCUMENTS fl.l,!LATING TO INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES OF BOOKS, &c. [WM. R. SMITH & Co ..•• Printers to the State.] To the Senate and House of Representatives : I have received a communication from Henry Ledyard, Charge d' Affaires of the United States, and Lorenzo Draper, Consul of the United States at Paris, inviting contributions on the part of this State to the " AEierican AthenIBum" late] y established in that city: which is herewith transmitted. I also lay before you a communication from Alexandre Vatte­ mare upon the subjeet of international exchanges of books and public documents, accompanied by a Report made to the Munici­ pal Corporation of Paris. CouNCIL CH.AMBEH, i JOHN FAIRFIELD. March 2, 1843. 5 [coPY.] P ARrs, February 1st, 1843. To His Excellency, Governor of the State of 111aine, Augusta: Srn :-The citizens of the United States, temporary residents of this Capital, have instituted by the means of voluntary contribution, an "American Athenceurn." The main object of this institution is to afford to every American visiting Paris, a place where each may have access to the principal newspapers and other periodical publi­ cations of the Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Muslims in Paris
    OSI.MIE.PARISEN.PF1_Layout 1 2012.07.16. 14:39 Page 1 AT HOME IN EUROPE ★ MUSLIMS IN PARIS Muslims in Paris Whether citizens or migrants, native born or newly-arrived, Muslims are a growing and varied population that presents Europe with challenges and opportunities. The crucial tests facing Europe’s commitment to open society will be how it treats minorities such as Muslims and ensures equal rights for all in a climate of rapidly expanding diversity. The Open Society Foundations’ At Home in Europe project is working to address these issues through monitoring and advocacy activities that examine the position of Muslims and other minorities in Europe. One of the project’s key efforts is this series of reports on Muslim communities in the 11 EU cities of Amsterdam, Antwerp, Berlin, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Leicester, London, Marseille, Paris, Rotterdam, and Stockholm. The reports aim to increase understanding of the needs and aspirations of diverse Muslim communities by examining how public policies in selected cities have helped or hindered the political, social, and economic participation of Muslims. By fostering new dialogue and policy initiatives between Muslim communities, local officials, and international policymakers, the At Home in Europe project seeks to improve the participation and inclusion of Muslims in the wider society while enabling them to preserve the cultural, linguistic, and religious practices that are important to their identities. muslims-in-paris-incover-EN-publish-20120716_publish.qxd 2012.07.17. 19:02 Page 1 Muslims in Paris At Home in Europe Project TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................... 5 Preface .......................................................................................... 7 Muslims in Paris ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • From Paris to Greater Paris: an Old Project, a New Approach HKJU – CCPA, God
    From Paris to Greater Paris: An Old Project, a New Approach Michèle Breuillard* UDK 352.071(44Paris) Pregledni znanstveni rad / review scientific paper Primljeno / received: 19. 10. 2011. Prihvaćeno / accepted: 9. 2. 2012. As the capital of France, the city of Paris is endowed with a special status due to its size and conurbation effect that are unequalled in the country. Nevertheless, the Parisian urban area remains split into numerous local authorities, joint inter-communal bodies and quangos that the Govern- ment said put a brake on economic development in the whole Ile-de-France Region and in the whole country. The 2010 local government reform of métropoles (larger cities and their urban areas) has given more responsibilities to their elected inter-communal councils, but it is not applica- ble to the Region of Ile-de-France. Rather than an institu- tional reform, the Government has imposed a sustainable development strategy based on improving the regional pub- lic transport network and building new economic develop- ment zones. Moreover, this strategy aims at by-passing the regional transport authority lead by the regional council. An urban development corporation (Société du Grand Paris) * Michèle Breuillard, Ph D, research fellow at the Centre d’études et de recherches administratives, politiques et sociales, University of Lille 2, France (znanstvena suradnica u Centru za upravne, političke i društvene studije i istraživanja, Sveučilište u Lilleru 2, Fran- cuska, e-mail address: [email protected]) PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND COMPARATIVE CROATIAN Michêle Breuillard: From Paris to Greater Paris: An Old Project, a New Approach HKJU – CCPA, god.
    [Show full text]
  • Detention and Expulsion of Roma from France 4
    WRITTEN COMMENTS of the European Roma Rights Centre Concerning France For Consideration by the Human Rights Committee at its 114th session (29 June – 24 July 2015) CHALLENGING DISCRIMINATION PROMOTING EQUALITY TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Forced Evictions of Roma Living in Settlements in France 3 Detention and Expulsion of Roma from France 4 Low Access to Education for Romani Children in France 5 Racially Motivated Attacks Against Roma in France 5 Hate Speech Against Roma in France 6 Recommendations 6 Appendix 1: France Attack List 8 Appendix 2: Hate Speech in France 16 2 INTRODUCTION The European Roma Rights Centre1 (ERRC) submits this parallel report to the Human Rights Committee, for consideration at the 114th session (29 June to 24 July 2015). This report highlights some of the key human rights concerns for Roma in France. FORCED EVICTIONS OF ROMA LIVING IN SETTLEMENTS IN FRANCE Since 2010 the ERRC has been closely monitoring the situation of EU-citizen Roma in France. That monitoring has revealed that France deals with Roma living in sub-standard housing by evicting their settlements on a regular basis. Not only do these evictions violate the fundamental rights of Roma, but they are also inefficient and harmful. Throughout 2014, French authorities continued the systematic eviction of Roma. Those affected are EU citi- zens who have made use of their right to move freely within the European Union from countries such as Romania or Bulgaria. According to the findings of a survey2 conducted by the European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) and the Ligue des droits de l’homme (LDH), during the year 2014, 13,483 people were evicted by law enforcement agencies from 138 different locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Together for Local Integration of Migrants and Refugees in Paris Paris in Refugees and Migrants of Integration Local for Together Working
    Working Together for Local Integration of Migrants and fugees in ris Re Pa Working Together for Local Integration of Migrants and Refugees in Paris Working Together for Local Integration of Migrants and Refugees in Paris This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Please cite this publication as: OECD (2018), Working Together for Local Integration of Migrants and Refugees in Paris, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264305861-en ISBN 978-92-64-30585-4 (print) ISBN 978-92-64-30586-1 (PDF) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Photo credits: Cover © Marianne Colombani Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2018 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the source and copyright owner(s) is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre francais d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Policing Paris : 'Out Of' Or 'Still In' Napoleonic Time? Introduction On
    Policing Paris : 'Out of' or 'still in' Napoleonic Time? Christian Mouhanna1 & Marleen Easton2 Abstract: No scholar, policy-maker or practitioner of policing could be taken seriously who did not acknowledge and take into account the radical transformation which privatization and pluralisation has brought to the field of policing (Jones & Newburn, 2006). Nevertheless, this transformation is largely influenced by the nature of the policing tradition in each nation state. To illustrate this argument a descriptive analysis of plural policing in the metropolis Paris is presented. Being part of the Napoleonic policing tradition in France, Paris takes up a unique political and administrative position which affects its security architecture. It stands out as the most developed example of centralisation and the State’s wish to control its citizens. Despite the observed pluralisation in terms of privatization; Paris is still a ‘state’ in the state. Its Napoleonic tradition largely ‘suppresses’ civil non-commercial initiatives and influences the development of municipal police forces and other public uniformed surveillance agencies in Paris. Introduction on Plural Policing in Paris Within this special issue on the local reality of policing in European metropoles, Paris cannot be overlooked. Its policing tradition, relying on a high level of State centralization, strongly influences the answer to the central question of this special issue: “To what extent is a local police still present in European metropoles and how is this reality linked with other actors in the security field”? Answering this question implies that we do not concentrate solely on the ‘police apparatus’ but that we need to address a broad ‘policing’ concept which includes formal forms of social control such as other public uniformed surveillance agencies, private commercial security agencies and civil non-commercial initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Paris Climate Action Plan Towards a Carbon Neutral City and 100% Renewable Energies
    PARIS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN TOWARDS A CARBON NEUTRAL CITY AND 100% RENEWABLE ENERGIES An action plan For a fairer for 2030 Together and more and an ambition for climate inclusive city for 2050 Conceptualized by: City of Paris, Green Parks and Environment Urban Ecology Agency Designed by: EcoAct Published: May 2018, 2000 copies printed on 100% recycled paper EDITOS A RESILIENT CITY 02 54 THAT ENSURES A HIGH-QUALITY LIVING ENVIRONMENT PREAMBLE 56 Air Improving air quality for better health 05 6 Paris, 10 years of climate action 61 Fire 9 Towards carbon neutrality Strengthen solidarity and resilience 11 Creating a shared vision in response to heat waves 12 Zero local emissions 64 Earth 13 Relocation of production and innovation Biodiversity to benefit all parisians 13 Adaptation, resilience and social inclusion 67 ​Water 14 Three milestones, one urgent need A resource that needs protection for diversified uses A CARBON-NEUTRAL AND 18 100% RENEWABLE-ENERGY CITY A CITY THAT IS VIEWED 19 Energy 70 AS AN ECOSYSTEM Paris: a solar, 100% renewable-energy city 71 A successful energy transition and a key player in French renewables is a fair transition 25 Mobility 76 Mobilisation Paris, the city of shared, active Paris mobilises its citizens and stakeholders and clean transport 81 Governance of the low-carbon transition 34 Buildings A 100% eco-renovated Paris with A CITY THAT MATCHES low-carbon and positive-energy buildings 84 ITS MEANS TO ITS AMBITIONS 40 Urban planning 85 ​Finance A carbon-neutral, resilient A city that is preparing finance for the energy and pleasant city to inhabit transition 44 Waste 88 ​Carbon offsetting Towards zero non-recovered waste Paris fosters metropolitan cooperation and a circular economy in paris for climate action 49 Food 91 Advocacy Paris, a sustainable food city A city that speaks on behalf of cities 95 GLOSSARY Making Paris a carbon-neutral city © Jean-Baptiste Gurliat © Jean-Baptiste powered entirely by renewable energy by 2050.
    [Show full text]
  • City of Paris
    City of Paris Investor presentation March 2016 1 Contents : 1. A leading European capital 2. Organization and responsibilities 3. Financial balances 4. Debt Management 5. Paris’ Climate Action Plan 6. An inaugural Climate Bond for Paris Paris city hall 2 A leading European capital 3 A leading European city . Paris has developed, through the ages, into a center of art, medicine, science, fashion, tourism, culture and finance, becoming one of the world's most influential global cities and the most visited city in the world (29 Million visitors in 2014*) * Source : Paris-Ile de France Tourist Board (CRT), 2015 . Paris is at the heart of the Ile-de-France Region, one of the wealthiest regions in Europe and main economic hubs . Paris ranks among the top cities in the world in terms of livability and hosts one of the planet’s most vibrant cultural and artistic scenes . As the capital, Paris is the political, administrative and business Seine banks transformed in pedestrian area center 4 A dynamic city with economic strengths . The gross domestic product (GDP) of Paris represents 10% of France’s GDP. Its GDP per capita is equivalent to 3 times the EU-28 average* * See methodology by eurostat . It is essentially a service economy, with business and financial services (around 85 % of the GDP) . Business facilitated by top notch infrastructures and heart of Europe location Harbour at Tolbiac, 13rd arrondissement • A hub of Europe’s economy. Paris region offers some of the most favorable economic conditions for setting up a business : 2 major airports, 5 container terminals along 310 miles of navigable waterways, 6 railway interchanges, 14 Unemployment rate (%) metro lines, 5 RER (regional express trains) lines, 7 tram lines, more than 300 bus lines,… 10 9.9 • First European city for hosting of headquarters of top 500 global companies 9 8.8 8.3 • High foreign investments (13% of total foreign investment in France for Paris 8 – 2013) 7 .
    [Show full text]
  • “Gender Equality, a Priority for Global Development”
    GLOBAL CONFERENCE OF LOCAL ELECTED WOMEN “Gender Equality, a Priority for Global Development” 30 JANUARY-1 FEBRUARY 2013, PARIS Participants’ Profiles Opening Session Born in Tunisia, Betrand Delanoë was a member of the French Socialist Party during the 1970s. In March 1977 he was elected for the first time to the Council of Paris for the 18th district where was re-elected each year. Member of Parliament from 1981 to 1986, he became Senator in 1995, standing down from his mandate following his election to the Town Hall of Paris in March 2001. In March 2008 he was elected as Mayor of Paris. On the international scene, Betrand Delanoë has chaired the International Association of Francophone Mayors (AIMF) since 2001 and occupied, from 2004 to 2010, the Presidency of the world organisation United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG): organisation he helped create and of which he is now an Honorary Founding President. --------------------------------- Michelle Bachelet is Executive Director of UN Women since 2010 and UN Under-Secretary-General. She is a Social Democrat politician who was President of Chile from 2006 to 2010. She was the first female president of her country. A long-time champion of women’s rights, she has advocated for gender equality and women’s empowerment throughout her career. One of her major successes as President was her decision to save billions of dollars in revenues to spend on issues such as pension reform, social protection programmes for women and children, and research and development, despite the financial crisis. Other initiatives included tripling the number of free early child-care centers for low-income families and the completion of some 3,500 child-care centers around the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Paris Climate and Energy Action PLAN Adopted by the Council of Paris on 11 December 2012
    LE PLAN CLIMAT ÉNERGIE DE PARIS 2012 update PArIS CLIMAtE AND ENErGy ACtIoN PLAN ADoPtED by thE CoUNCIL of PArIS oN 11 DECEMbEr 2012 MAIN GUIDELINES editorial In the course of a decade, sustainable development has become essential for urban progress. Although the environment has long been sacrificed to the rapid growth of our cities, it is now the framework within which these cities can create a sustainable present and a viable future. In 2007, in order to embrace this profound change, we introduced an ambitious Climate Action Plan whose aim was to expand the use of virtuous practices in Paris. In November 2011, a Biodiversity Plan was introduced to supplement this Climate Action Plan. By 2020, seven new hectares of green roofs and 15 terrace gardens will have been added to the 62 hectares of new green space opened up to Parisians between 2001 and 2004. These sites, restored to nature but still part of the urban fabric, will provide all Parisians with places where they can rest and relax, thus helping them find fulfilment. i would like to express By updating the Climate Action Plan, we are now extending the scope of our action. In the field of ‘‘ the wish that they renewable energies, we are implementing innovative projects involving geothermal energy, heat are disseminated and recovery and building insulation; in daily life, we are aiming to reduce waste, introduce composting lead to a metropolitan on the ground floor of buildings and combat heat islands. The City is already working on these and environment policy. other operations. I would like to express the wish that they are disseminated and lead to a metropolitan ‘‘ environment policy.
    [Show full text]