The Last 23 Years Progression of Asia-Europe Carrier Alliances

Number of Providers

Grand Alliance Global Alliance 1996 Tricon-Hanjin Hapag-Lloyd Nedlloyd HMM DSR-Senator OOCL Maersk MSC CMA COSCO Evergreen NYK 23 Sea-Land Yangming Choyang LLoyd Triestino MISC Norasia Hanjin NOL APL P&O MOL

Grand Alliance Global Alliance 1997 CYK Consortium Hapag-Lloyd Nedlloyd Maersk MSC COSCO Evergreen OOCL HMM CMA NYK MISC 20 Sea-Land Norasia K Line LLoyd Triestino NOL Yangming APL P&O MOL

Grand Alliance New World 1998 CKY Consortium United Alliance Hapag-Lloyd Alliance COSCO Choyang NYK Maersk MSC Norasia Evergreen APL 21 Sea-Land CMA K Line Hanjin-Senator LLoyd Triestino OOCL MOL Yangming UASC MISC P&O Nedlloyd HMM 1999-2000 Grand Alliance New World Maersk- CKY Consortium United Alliance Evergreen-LT Hapag-Lloyd Alliance Sealand COSCO Choyang NYK MSC Norasia APL 19 Maersk acquired CMA CGM K Line Hanjin-Senator OOCL MOL Sea-Land Yangming UASC MISC P&O Nedlloyd HMM

United Alliance Grand Alliance New World

2001 CKY Consortium CSCL Hanjin-Senator Evergreen-LT Hapag-Lloyd Alliance COSCO NYK Maersk- MSC CMA CGM UASC APL 20 Sealand Zim K Line CSAV Norasia OOCL MOL Yangming Choyang Bankrupt MISC P&O Nedlloyd HMM 2002-2004 Grand Alliance CKYH Alliance Evergreen-LT New World CSCL COSCO Hapag-Lloyd Alliance NYK Maersk- MSC CMA CGM UASC K Line APL 20 Sealand OOCL Zim Yangming MISC MOL Hanjin-Senator CSAV Norasia P&O Nedlloyd HMM

CKYH Alliance Grand Alliance New World 2005 Maersk- CSCL Evergreen-LT COSCO Hapag-Lloyd Alliance Sealand MSC CMA CGM UASC K Line PIL-WHL NYK APL 21 P&O Nedl- Zim Yangming OOCL MOL loyd Hanjin-Senator CSAV Norasia MISC HMM 2006-2009 CKYH Alliance CSCL Evergreen Grand Alliance New World Maersk COSCO Hapag-Lloyd Alliance K Line NYK APL 20 Maersk acquired MSC CMA CGM UASC PIL-WHL P&ONL Zim Yangming OOCL MOL Hanjin-Senator CSAV Norasia MISC HMM

CKYH Alliance Grand Alliance New World

2010 Evergreen CSCL COSCO Hapag-Lloyd Alliance K Line NYK APL Maersk MSC CMA CGM UASC Yangming OOCL 17 Zim Hanjin MOL HMM

CSCL CKYH Alliance New World 2011 Grand Alliance UASC COSCO Hapag-Lloyd Alliance Maersk MSC CMA CGM K Line Evergreen APL 17 Zim NYK MOL Yangming OOCL Hanjin HMM 2012-2014 CKYH Alliance G6 COSCO APL MSC CSCL Hapag-Lloyd Maersk Zim K Line Evergreen HMM 17 CMA CGM UASC Yangming MOL NYK Hanjin OOCL 2015-2016 CKYHE Alliance G6 Ocean 3 APL 2M COSCO CMA CGM Hapag-Lloyd Maersk CSCL K Line Evergreen HMM 16 MSC Yangming MOL UASC NYK Hanjin OOCL

OCEAN Alliance The Alliance 2017 CMA CGM acquired APL 2M HMM slot charter CMA CGM Hapag-Lloyd COSCO merged with CSCL Hapag-Llloyd to acquire UASC Maersk to K-Line Maersk COSCO Hanjin files for bankruptcy KL/MOL/NYK to form JV in 2018 12 acquire HS MOL MSC Evergreen Cosco to acquire OOCL NYK OOCL Yang Ming 2018-2019 2M OCEAN Alliance (OA) The Alliance (OA) Maersk CMA CGM Maersk acquired Hamburg Sud ONE () is the operating name Hapag-Lloyd MSC (owned by CMA CGM) HMM slot charter from 2M APL of the joint venture between K Line, MOL and NYK ONE 12 Hamburg Sud COSCO (Ocean Network Express) (owned by Maersk) OOCL (owned by Cosco) Yang Ming Hyundai Evergreen www.pfe-express.co.uk T +44 (0)1376 533000