The Genus Helvella in Taiwan

Home , Helvella, Helvellaceae, Helvella elastica, Helvella lacunosa, Helvella macropus

Fung. Sci. 17(1, 2): 11–17, 2002 The Genus Helvella in Taiwan

Yei-Zeng Wang1 and Chien-Ming Chen2

1. Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung 404, Taiwan. 2. Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Chichi, Nantou, Taiwan.

(Accepted December 10, 2001)

ABSTRACT

This paper describes 5 Helvella species new to Taiwan, including Helvella chinensis, H. elastica, H. ephippium, H. lacunose, and H. macropus. A key to the Helvella species found in Taiwan is provided.

Key Words: Discomycetes, Helvellaceae, Pezizales.

Introduction Stalk terete ...... H. elastica 4. Apothecia gray to grayish brown...... Helvella L.: Fr. is characterized by stipi- ...... H. ephippium tate to subsessile, cupulate to saddle-shaped Apothecia dark brown to black...... 5 apothecia with stratified excipular structures 5. Stalk lacunose ...... H. lacunosa (Abbot and Currah, 1997). Most species Stalk terete ...... H. atra within this genus were reported from temper- 6. Ascospores subfusoid, verrucose...... ate areas (Abbott and Currah, 1988, 1997; ...... H. macropus Dennis, 1981; Dissing and Lange, 1967). In Ascospores broadly ellipsoid, smooth ...... Taiwan, Chen and Chien (1983) reported H...... H. chinensis infula from Mt. Ah-Li, which should be assigned under Gyromitra, and 2 species, H. atra Taxonomy and H. crispa, collected from Nantou County, central Taiwan were reported by Chen and Helvella chinensis (Velen.) Nannf. & L. Holm Wang (2000). This paper adds 5 Helvella spe- (Fig. 1) cies which are new to Taiwan. All specimens Apothecia scattered, cupulate to discoid, were collected from forests at elevations above 1.2−1.7 cm in diam., gray when fresh, turning 1000 m. to brown; receptacle paler, furfuraceous, stipitate; stalk 1.5−3 mm wide, 0.8−2 cm high, Key to Helvella species collected in Taiwan solid, yellowish white. Asci 8-spored, cylin- 1. Apothecia convex to saddle-shaped ...... 2 drical, 225−305 × 16−21 µm, tapering to base. Apothecia discoid to cupulate ...... 6 Ascospores broadly ellipsoid, 17−20 × 11−13 2. Apothecia ivory to cream colored ...... 3 µm, hyaline, uniguttulate. Paraphyses filiform, Apothecia gray to black ...... 4 gradually enlarging at apex, 5−8 µm wide, 3. Stalk lacunose ...... H. crispa filled with granules. 12 Fung. Sci. 17(1, 2), 2002

Specimens examined. Nantou Co., Currah (1997). It is morphologically similar to Leleku, alt. 1600 m, on soil among mosses, H. macropus, but the latter has subfusoid and W.N. Chou; WAN 202, WAN 203, Aug. 24, verrucose ascospores. 1995 (TNM F3671, TNM F3672). This species has commonly been referred to Helvella elastica Bull.: Fr. (Figs. 2 & 6A) as H. villosa (Dennis,1981) which is a later Apothecia gregarious, convex, irregularly homonym (Korf, 988). I assigned these speci- lobed to saddle-shaped, 1−4 cm wide, grayish mens to H. chinensis by following Abbott and yellow to brown; receptacle paler, glabrous, stipitate; stalk 0.5−1 cm wide, 1−3 cm high, yellowish, hollow. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, 260−280 × 15−17 µm, tapering to base. Asco- spores broadly ellipsoid, 20−22 × 13−14 µm, uniguttulate. Paraphyses filiform, hyaline, gradually enlarging at apex, 5−8 µm wide. Specimen examined. Nantou Co., Wu- lin Farms, alt. 1700 m, on soil among mosses, Y.Z. Wang; WAN 853, June 27, 2001 (TNM F12892). This species is recognized by the pale- colored apothecia, glabrous excipulum, and hollow stalk.

Hevella ephippium Lév. (Figs. 3 & 6C) Apothecia scattered, disc undulate to saddle-shaped 0.6−1 cm widw, brown, receptacle white to yellowish brown, villose, stipitate; stalk 0.7−1.5 cm high, yellwish white, solid. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, 265−272 × 14−15 µm, tapering to base. Ascospores broadly ellipsoid, 17−19 × 12−13 µm, uniguttulate. Para- physes clavate, gradually enlarging at apex, 5−7 µm wide, filled with brown granules. Specimen examined. Nantou Co., Tungpu, alt. 1500 m, on soil, S.Z. Chen 903, June 16, 1999 (TNM F9879). The villose apothecia and the shape of the ascospores resemble those of H. chinensis, but the latter is typically cupulate.

Fig. 1. Helvella chinensis, WAN 202. A. Apothecia. B. Paraphysis tips. C. An ascus. D. Ascospores. Bar = 1.2 Helvella lacunosa Afzel.: Fr. (Figs. 4 & 6B) cm for A; 25 µm for B and C; and 10 µm for D. Apothecia scattered; disc reflexed and ir- The Genus Helvella in Taiwan 13 regularly lobed, 0.5−2 cm wide, dark brown; 240−250 × 15−17 µm, tapering to base. Asco- receptacle white to yellowish brown, stipitate; spores broadly ellipsoid, 15−17 × 11−12 µm, stalk 0.7−2 cm high, 0.3−0.5 cm wide, gray smooth, uniguttulate. Paraphyses clavate, brown, lacunose. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, gradually enlarging at apex, 5−7 µm wide,

Fig. 2. Helvella elastica, WAN 853. A. An ascus. B. Paraphysis tips. C. A part of the excipulum. D. ascospores. E. Apo- thecia. Bar = 25 µm for A, B, and C; 10 µm for D; and 1.2 cm for E. 14 Fung. Sci. 17(1, 2), 2002 filled with brown granules. Helvella macropus (Pers.: Fr. ) P. Karst. (Figs. Specimen examined. Nantou Co., 5 & 6D) Chingching Farm, alt. 1700 m, on soil, J.M. Apothecia scattered, cupulate, 0.7−1.5 cm Chen 2840, June 7, 2001. wide, gray to dark brown; receptacle paler, This species is characterized by the dark covered by short brown hairs, stipitate; stalk brown apothecia and lacunose stalk. Helvella slender, 1.2−3 cm high, light brown. Asci 8- crispa also has a lacunose stalk, but is with spored, cylindrical, 250−350 × 15−18 µm, ta- white- to cream-colored apothecia. pering to base. Ascospores subfusoid, 20−24 ×

Fig. 3. Helvella ephippium, S.Z. Chen 903. A. Apothecia. B. Some of the hairs on the receptacles. C. Paraphysis tips. D. An ascus. E. Ascospores. Bar = 1.2 cm for A; 25 µm for B, C, and D; and 10 µm for E. The Genus Helvella in Taiwan 15

The ascospores of the Taiwanese specimens usually are uniguttulate instead of triguttulate as those of North American specimens (Abbott and Currah, 1997).

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. W.Y. Zhuang and Dr. M.L. Wu for reviewing the manuscript, Mr. W.N. Chou and Ms. S.Z. Chen for providing specimens studied in this report and Mr. D. Chamberlin for checking the English writing. This study is partly supported by the National Science Council of ROC, NSC 90-2311-B- 178-003.

References

Abbott, S.P. and R.S. Currah. 1988. The genus Helvella in Alberta. Mycotaxon 33: 229− 250. Abbott, S.P. and R.S. Currah. 1997. The Helvellaceae: systematic revision and oc- currence in northern and northwestern North America. Mycotaxon 72: 1−125. Fig. 4. Helvella lacunosa, J.M. Chen 2840. A. An apo- Chen, C.-M. and Y.-Z. Wang. 2000. Two thecium. B. Paraphysis tips. C. An ascus. D. Ascospores. Helvella species new to Taiwan. End. Spec. µ µ Bar = 1.2 cm for A; 25 m for B and C; and 10 m for Res. 2: 61−67. D. Chen, K.-Y. and C.-Y. Chien. 1983. Cudonia convoluta and Helvella infula: two ascomy- 10−12.5 µm, hyaline, verrucose, uniguttulate. cetous fungi new to Taiwan. Trans. mycol. Paraphyses filiform, clavate, gradually enlarg- Soc. Jpn. 24: 223−227. ing at apex, 5−8 µm wide, filled with granules. Dennis, R.W.G. 1981. British Ascomycetes. Specimens examined. Nantou, Mei- revised ed. J. Cramer, Vaduz. UK. feng, alt. 2100 m, on soil, W.N. Chou, WAN Dissing, H. and M. Lange. 1967. Notes on the 059, June 23, 1994 (TNM F2138); Wulin genus Helvella in North America. Mycolo- Farm, alt. 1700 m, on soil among mosses, Y.Z. gia 59: 349−360. Wang; WAN 854, June 27, 2001 (TNM). Korf, R.P. 1988. Some forgotten discomycete This species is characterized by the villose combinations. Mycotaxon 31: 379-382. receptacle and stalk, and verrucose ascospores. 16 Fung. Sci. 17(1, 2), 2002

Fig. 5. Helvella macropus, WAN 854. A. Apothecia. B. Paraphysis tips. C. An ascus. D. Some of the hairs on the receptacle. E. Ascospores. Bar = 1.2 cm for A; 25 µm for B, C, and D; and 10 µm for E. The Genus Helvella in Taiwan 17

Fig. 6. Habitat of A. Helvella elastica. bar = 0.5 cm; B. H. lacunosa. bar = 1cm; C. H. ephippium. bar = 1 cm; D. H. macropus, bar = 1 cm.

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