JOHN III SOBIESKI a Polish King in Vienna
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How Marywil Came to Be. the Creation of Warsaw's Residential and Commercial Complex in the Light of the Correspondence Betwee
Jarosław Pietrzak HOW MARYWIL CAME TO BE. THE CREATION OF WARSAW’S RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL COMPLEX IN THE LIGHT OF THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN OTTON FRYDERYK FELKERSAMB AND MARIA KAZIMIERA SOBIESKA FROM 1694* Introduction The area of the Marywil complex, once located between today’s Józefa Piłsudskiego Square and Moliera Street, Wierzbowa Street, and Senatorska Street, currently houses the monumental edifice of Teatr Wielki and its adja- cent parking lot. The history of the complex combining residential and com- mercial functions has already been thoroughly studied and described in sec- ondary sources; it would seem that there is nothing to add or modify within this area of research1. * The text was written as part of the grant project NCN FUGA 4 (agreement UMO-2015/16/S/HS3/00095) entitled “Organisation and operation of the courts of Maria Kazimiera d’Arquien Sobieska in Poland, Italy, and France in the years 1658–1716”. 1 M. Karpowicz, Sztuka oświeconego sarmatyzmu: antykizacja i klasycyzacja w środowisku warszawskim czasów Jana III, Warsaw 1970, pp. 163–165; idem, Sztuka Warszawy drugiej połowy XVII w., Warsaw 1975, pp. 45–47; A. Rychłowska-Kozłowska, Marywil, Warsaw 1975; W. Fijałkowski, Szlakiem Jana III Sobieskiego, Warsaw 1984, pp. 56–61; J. Putkowska, Architektura Warszawy w XVII wieku, Warsaw 1991, pp. 94–97; idem, Warszawskie rezydencje na przedmieściach i pod miastem w XVI–XVIII wieku, Warsaw 2016, pp. 41–42; M. Omilanowska, Świątynie handlu. Warszawska architektura komercyjna doby wielkomiejskiej, Warsaw 2004, pp. 56–59; idem, “Wokół Teatru Wielkiego. Od Marywilu do Pasażu Luxenburga”, Almanach Warszawy 2014, vol. 10, pp. 255–272; T. -
Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe European History Yearbook Jahrbuch Für Europäische Geschichte
Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe European History Yearbook Jahrbuch für Europäische Geschichte Edited by Johannes Paulmann in cooperation with Markus Friedrich and Nick Stargardt Volume 20 Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe Edited by Cornelia Aust, Denise Klein, and Thomas Weller Edited at Leibniz-Institut für Europäische Geschichte by Johannes Paulmann in cooperation with Markus Friedrich and Nick Stargardt Founding Editor: Heinz Duchhardt ISBN 978-3-11-063204-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-063594-2 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-063238-5 ISSN 1616-6485 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 04. International License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number:2019944682 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published in open access at www.degruyter.com. Typesetting: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Printing and Binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck Cover image: Eustaţie Altini: Portrait of a woman, 1813–1815 © National Museum of Art, Bucharest www.degruyter.com Contents Cornelia Aust, Denise Klein, and Thomas Weller Introduction 1 Gabriel Guarino “The Antipathy between French and Spaniards”: Dress, Gender, and Identity in the Court Society of Early Modern -
Naming the Extrasolar Planets
Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named. -
Problems in Quantitative Linguistics
Issues in Quantitative Linguistics 3 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE edited by provided by Jagiellonian Univeristy Repository Reinhard Köhler Gabriel Altmann Dedicated to Karl-Heinz Best on the occasion of his 70th birthday 2013 RAM-Verlag The influx rate of Turkic glosses in Hungarian and Polish post-mediaeval texts Kamil Stachowski, Jagiellonian University Abstract. The paper analyzes Turkic glosses in Hungarian and Polish post/mediaeval texts from the point of view of their correlation with historical events, and of their com- patibility with the Piotrovskij-Altmann law. The correspondence is found to be very good in both cases. A slight modification is proposed to the equation to lend more lin- guistic significance to one of the coefficients. 0 Rationale The goal of the present paper is twofold. On one hand, it continues the work pioneered by Karl-Heinz Best (Best/Kohlhase 1983, Best 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010 and others), of collecting empirical evidence for the so-called Piotrovskij-Alt- mann law. By providing Hungarian and Polish data, it also adds to the issue of Turkic influence in Europe, first discussed quantitatively in Best (2005) using the example of German. On the other hand, it attempts to show how the quantitative and qualitative " ' ' ' K & '+ &D 8T 6 worked to demonstrate this to a more traditionalistic audience (1990: 371). My aim here is to illustrate how the quantitative approach can reveal a general ten- dency in a collection of detailed observations gathered and explained with the philological method. I will: 1. explain how I prepared the data for analysis, 2. -
CONSTELLATION TRIANGULUM, the TRIANGLE Triangulum Is a Small Constellation in the Northern Sky
CONSTELLATION TRIANGULUM, THE TRIANGLE Triangulum is a small constellation in the northern sky. Its name is Latin for "triangle", derived from its three brightest stars, which form a long and narrow triangle. Known to the ancient Babylonians and Greeks, Triangulum was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. The celestial cartographers Johann Bayer and John Flamsteed catalogued the constellation's stars, giving six of them Bayer designations. The white stars Beta and Gamma Trianguli, of apparent magnitudes 3.00 and 4.00, respectively, form the base of the triangle and the yellow-white Alpha Trianguli, of magnitude 3.41, the apex. Iota Trianguli is a notable double star system, and there are three star systems with planets located in Triangulum. The constellation contains several galaxies, the brightest and nearest of which is the Triangulum Galaxy or Messier 33—a member of the Local Group. The first quasar ever observed, 3C 48, also lies within Triangulum's boundaries. HISTORY AND MYTHOLOGY In the Babylonian star catalogues, Triangulum, together with Gamma Andromedae, formed the constellation known as MULAPIN "The Plough". It is notable as the first constellation presented on (and giving its name to) a pair of tablets containing canonical star lists that were compiled around 1000 BC, the MUL.APIN. The Plough was the first constellation of the "Way of Enlil"—that is, the northernmost quarter of the Sun's path, which corresponds to the 45 days on either side of summer solstice. Its first appearance in the pre-dawn sky (heliacal rising) in February marked the time to begin spring ploughing in Mesopotamia. -
Johannes Hevelius' Atlas of Constellations, Based on a Lifetime's
Johannes Hevelius’ atlas of constellations, based on a lifetime’s researches from this private observatory, was the finest of its time, and one of the few ever to be produced by a practicing astronomer rather than a cartographer. Hevelius, Johannes. Prodromus astronomiæ: exhibens fundamenta, quæ tam ad novum planè & correctiorem stellarum fixarum catalogum construendum, quàm ad omnium planetarum tabulas corrigendas omnimodè spectant … quibus additus est uter[que] catalogus stellarum fixarum… . Gedani : Typis Johannis-Zachariæ Stolli, 1690. 18 3/4 inches (400 mm), [20], 350, [2] pp. Johannes Hevelius’ (1611–1687) atlas of constellations was the finest of its time, and one of the few ever to be produced by a practicing astronomer rather than a cartographer., the Stellaburgum in his native Danzig (Gdansk), the work was published posthumously with an introduction by the author’s widow. It consists of three texts: a technological and methodological Prodromus Astronomiae (Spreads 19–103), the Catalogus Stellarum Fixarum, a catalogue of 1564 stars, arranged alphabetically by constellation, subdivided by stellar magnitude (Spreads 103–208), and the Firmamentum Sobiescianum (Spreads 5–17), named for his royal patron—Kepler had commemorated the Emperor Rudolf II in similar style in the title of Tabulae Rudolphinae. Its accompanying atlas of 54 double- page plates (Spreads 209–314) and 2 large folding planispheres depicting the northern and southern skies (Spreads 314 and 316). These engravings are the glory of the book, wonderful specimens of the Michelangelo approach to the night sky a Sistine ceiling of constellations. In producing his atlas, Hevelius, whose portrait appears at Spread 30, had the enormous advantage of having himself discovered more than 600 new stars from which to draw in devising a dozen new constellations. -
Framing 'Turks': Representations of Ottomans and Moors in Continental European Literature 1453-1683
16 2019 FRAMING ‘TURKS’: Representations of Ottomans and Moors in Continental European Literature 1453-1683 ed. Peter Madsen Framing ‘Turks’: Representations of Ottomans and Moors in Continental European Litera- ture 1453-1683, ed. Peter Madsen Nordic Journal of Renaissance Studies 16 • 2019 General Editor of NJRS: Camilla Horster (NJRS was formerly known as Renæssanceforum: Journal of Renaissance Studies) ISSN 2597-0143. URL: www.njrs.dk/njrs_16_2019.htm FRAMING ‘TURKS’ NJRS 16 • 2019 • www.njrs.dk Preface The focus of this issue of Nordic Journal of Renaissance Studies is on Conti- nental Europe, i.e., areas bordering or situated near the Ottoman Empire or otherwise involved in close encounters. It has thus been important to include often neglected, yet most important nations like The Polish-Lithuanian Com- monwealth and Hungary (following the lead of the excellent volume edited by Bodo Guthmüller and Wilhelm Kühlmann: Europa und die Türken in der Renaissance, Tübingen 2000). It has also been important to consider literature beyond well-known classics, thus including works that attracted more atten- tion in their own times than they do today. Finally, it should be underscored how the literary (and intellectual) field beyond the vernaculars included pub- lications in Latin. The introduction is an attempt to situate the subject matter of the individual contributions within a broader historical, intellectual and literary field, thus including further documentation and additional literary examples. ‘Turks’ was the current denomination of contemporary Muslims, whether North African or Spanish ‘Moors’, or inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire or its spheres of various sorts of influence. It should be stressed, though, that although the Ottomans in terms of power and political establishment were Turkish, the inhabitants of the Empire were multi-ethnic and multi-religious. -
John III Sobieski at Vienna
John III Sobieski at Vienna John III Sobieski at Vienna Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Bibliografia: [w:] Jan III Sobieski, List do królowej Marii Kazimiery, oprac. Leszek Kukulski, red. , wybór , Warszawa 1962. John III Sobieski at Vienna John III Sobieski’s entry to Vienna Source: Wjazd Jana III Sobieskiego do Wiednia, domena publiczna. Link to the lesson You will learn where from and why did Ottoman Turks come to Europe; what is the history of Polish and Turkish relations in the 17th century; who was John III Sobieski and what are his merits for Poland; what is the history of the victory of Polish army – battle of Vienna of 1683. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Since the 14th century the Ottoman Empire (the name comes from Osman – tribe leader from the medieval times) had been creating with conquests a great empire encompassing wide territories of Asia Minor, Middle East, North Africa and Europe. In Europe almost the whole Balkan Peninsula was under the sultan (Turkish ruler). The Turks threatened Poland and the Habsburg monarchy (Austria). Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldova (duchies which are parts of present‐day Romania and Moldova) were a bone of contention. In 1683 Vienna, the capital of Austria, was besieged by the Turkish army. Polish king John III Sobieski concluded an alliance with the emperor Leopold I. United Polish and German armies under the command of the Polish monarch came to the relief of Austrian capital. On 12th September 1683 there was a great battle of Vienna where John III magnificently defeated Turks. Polish mercenaries (Hussars) and artillery had the key role there. -
Rozbieżności W Gronie Opozycji Przeciwko Rządom Króla Augusta II W Koronie W Okresie Dominacji Szwedzkiej W Latach 1704–1706
Echa Przeszłości XX/1, 2019 ISSN 1509–9873 DOI 10.31648/ep.4836 Rafał Kowalski Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie Rozbieżności w gronie opozycji przeciwko rządom króla Augusta II w Koronie w okresie dominacji szwedzkiej w latach 1704–1706 Streszczenie: Niniejszy artykuł porusza kwestię rozbieżności, jakie wystąpiły wśród oponentów króla Augusta II Wettyna w Koronie w latach 1704–1706. Najazd szwedzki na Rzeczpospolitą w 1702 r. doprowadził do zaognienia napiętej sytuacji, jaka panowała pomiędzy poddanymi a próbującym umoc- nić swoje rządy Augustem II. Wywodząca się głównie z Wielkopolski opozycja zawiązała konfederację antykrólewską. W lutym 1704 r. konfederaci pod wpływem szwedzkich nacisków doprowadzili do de- tronizacji króla Augusta, a następnie do elekcji antykróla – wywodzącego się z kręgu opozycji wojewodę poznańskiego Stanisława Leszczyńskiego. Narzucony szlachcie przez szwedzkiego monarchę Karola XII król nie zyskał akceptacji wśród innych opozycjonistów. Szybko dały o sobie znać rozbieżności nie tylko celów politycznych liderów malkontenckich, ale także niezaspokojona ambicja i zazdrość z powodu wy- niesienia na tron osoby ze swojego kręgu społecznego, do tego pozbawionej autorytetu. Prymas Michał Radziejowski, jeden z głównych sprawców detronizacji króla Augusta, po elekcji Leszczyńskiego odsunął się od działalności politycznej. Podobnie postąpili inni przywódcy malkontenccy. Brutalność szwedzkich najeźdźców, a także nieudolność Leszczyńskiego nie uspokoiła sytuacji w Rzeczypospolitej. Większość szlachty pozostała wierna -
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The science of the stars in Danzig from Rheticus to Hevelius / Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n41x7fd Author Jensen, Derek Publication Date 2006 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO THE SCIENCE OF THE STARS IN DANZIG FROM RHETICUS TO HEVELIUS A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History (Science Studies) by Derek Jensen Committee in charge: Professor Robert S. Westman, Chair Professor Luce Giard Professor John Marino Professor Naomi Oreskes Professor Donald Rutherford 2006 The dissertation of Derek Jensen is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm: _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2006 iii FOR SARA iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page........................................................................................................... iii Dedication ................................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... v List of Figures .......................................................................................................... -
Through the Reign of Catherine the Great
Chapter Thirty-two Religion in Eastern Europe and the Middle East from 1648 through the Reign of Catherine the Great What in Polish and Lithuanian history is called “the Deluge” began in 1648, with the revolt of Ukraine from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Ukraine has been important in the history of religion, and especially of Judaism. The Hasidic movement began in Ukraine in the eighteenth century. A century earlier, Ukraine had been the scene of an especially dark chapter in Jewish history. In what is conventionally called “the Khmelnytsky Uprising” (1648-1654) Orthodox Christians killed many thousands of Judaeans, and those who survived were forced temporarily to flee for safety to other lands. In order to see the Khmelnytsky Uprising and the rise of Hasidism in perspective, a summary glance at earlier Ukrainian history is necessary. Early history of Ukraine: Judaism and Orthodox Christianity in Kievan Rus We have seen in Chapter 24 that from the eighth century to the 960s the steppe country above the Black Sea, the Caucasus range and the Caspian had been ruled by the khan or khagan of the Khazars. Prior to the arrival of the Khazars the steppe had been controlled consecutively by coalitions of mounted warriors named Sarmatians, Goths, Huns and Avars. Under these transient overlords the valleys of the great rivers - Bug, Dniester, Dnieper, Don, Volga - were plowed and planted by a subject population known to the historian Jordanes (ca. 550) as Antes and Sclaveni. From the latter designation comes the name, “Slavs,” and it can be assumed that the steppe villagers spoke a variety of Slavic dialects. -
Christian Allies of the Ottoman Empire by Emrah Safa Gürkan
Christian Allies of the Ottoman Empire by Emrah Safa Gürkan The relationship between the Ottomans and the Christians did not evolve around continuous hostility and conflict, as is generally assumed. The Ottomans employed Christians extensively, used Western know-how and technology, and en- couraged European merchants to trade in the Levant. On the state level, too, what dictated international diplomacy was not the religious factors, but rather rational strategies that were the results of carefully calculated priorities, for in- stance, several alliances between the Ottomans and the Christian states. All this cooperation blurred the cultural bound- aries and facilitated the flow of people, ideas, technologies and goods from one civilization to another. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Christians in the Service of the Ottomans 3. Ottoman Alliances with the Christian States 4. Conclusion 5. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Bibliography 3. Notes Citation Introduction Cooperation between the Ottomans and various Christian groups and individuals started as early as the beginning of the 14th century, when the Ottoman state itself emerged. The Ottomans, although a Muslim polity, did not hesitate to cooperate with Christians for practical reasons. Nevertheless, the misreading of the Ghaza (Holy War) literature1 and the consequent romanticization of the Ottomans' struggle in carrying the banner of Islam conceal the true nature of rela- tions between Muslims and Christians. Rather than an inevitable conflict, what prevailed was cooperation in which cul- tural, ethnic, and religious boundaries seemed to disappear. Ÿ1 The Ottomans came into contact and allied themselves with Christians on two levels. Firstly, Christian allies of the Ot- tomans were individuals; the Ottomans employed a number of Christians in their service, mostly, but not always, after they had converted.