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The Book of Isaiah Workbooks by Mikeal R A Study Workbook for Teachers and Students The Book of Isaiah Workbooks by Mikeal R. Hughes Genesis Leviticus Joshua through Ruth 1 & 2 Samuel 1 & 2 Kings Jeremiah and Lamentations Daniel Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther Job The Minor Prophets Part 1: Hosea - Micah The Minor Prophets Part 2: Nahum - Malachi Life of Christ Book of Acts Revelation Table of Context ISAIAH - INTRODUCTION 1 LESSON 1 - ISAIAH 1-4 5 LESSON 2 - ISAIAH 5-9 9 LESSON 3 - ISAIAH 10-15 13 LESSON 4 - ISAIAH 16-20 15 LESSON 5 - ISAIAH 21-25 17 LESSON 6 - ISAIAH 26-31 21 LESSON 7 - ISAIAH 32-35 25 LESSON 8 - ISAIAH 36 - 39 27 LESSON 9 - ISAIAH 40-44 29 LESSON 10 - ISAIAH 45-50 31 LESSON 11 - ISAIAH 51-55 33 LESSON 12 - ISAIAH 56-60 35 LESSON 13 - ISAIAH 61-66 37 When Isaiah Prophesied David 1000 BC Assyrian Invasion 701 BC 740 - 680 BC Hezekiah’s Reign Ends 689 BC Fall of Jerusalem 586 BC Fall of Jerusalem 587 BC Jesus 4 BC Fulfilled Prophecies From Isaiah The Prophecy The Fulfillment The Messiah . Jesus Christ . will be born of a virgin (Is. 7:14) was born of a virgin named Mary (Luke 1:26-31) Will have a Galilean ministry (Isa. 9:1, 2) Ministered in Galilee of the Gentiles (Matt. 4:13-16) will be an heir to the throne of David (Isa. 9:7) was given the throne of His father David (Luke 1:32, 33) Will have His way prepared (Isa. 40:3-5) was announced by John the Baptist (John 1:19-28) will be spat on and struck (Isa. 50:6) was spat on and beaten (Matt. 26:67) will be exalted (Isa. 52:13) was highly exalted by God and the people (Phil. 2:9, 10) was scourged by the soldiers who gave Him a crown of will be disfigured by suffering (Isa. 52:14; 53:2) thorns (Mark 15:15-19) will make a blood atnonement (Isa. 53:5) shed His blood to atone for our sins (1 Pet. 1:2) will be widely rejected (Isa. 53:1, 3) was not accepted by many (John 12:37, 38) will bear our sins and sorrows (Isa. 53:4, 5) died because of our sins (Rom. 4:25; 1 Pet. 2:24, 25) will be our substitute (Isa. 53:6, 8) died in our place (Rom. 5:6, 8; 2 Cor. 5:21) will voluntarily accept our guilt and punishment was silent about our sin (Mark 15:4, 5; John 10:11; 19:30) (Isa. 53:7, 8) was buried in the tomb of Joseph, a rich man from will be buried in a rich man's tomb (Isa. 53:9) Arimathea (Matt. 27:57-60; John 19:38-42) provided salvation for all who believe (John 3:16; Acts will save us who believe in Him (Isa. 53:10, 11) 16:31) was numbered with the transgressors (Mark 15:27, 28; will die with transgressors (Isa. 53:12) Luke 22:37) will heal the brokenhearted (Isa. 61:1, 2) Healed the brokenhearted (Luke 4:18, 19) ISAIAH - INTRODUCTION Author Liberal scholarship divides the book of Isaiah into several sections, with different authors for each section. Chapters 1 through 39 are generally held to be the work of Isaiah himself, chapters 40-66 are said to be the work of one or more writers from a later period. For those who believe in the verbal inspiration of the Bible, such a position is unthinkable. While Isaiah’s name is not mentioned in chap- ters 40-66, yet in the New Testament Jesus and His inspired apostles quoted repeatedly from the book of Isaiah and attribute their quotes to the prophet himself (notice Matt. 3:3 cf. Isa. 40:3; Matt. 8:17 cf. Isa. 53:4; Matt. 15:7 cf. Isa. 29:13; Luke 4:17 cf. Isa. 61:1-2). The New Testa- ment quotes from Isaiah more than all other Old Testament Prophets combined always giving Isaiah credit for the authorship. Additionally the quotes come from every section of the book, including those who liberal scholars attribute to other writers. All true Bible believers take Isaiah to be the author of the book in its entirety. Nothing difinite is known about Isaiah’s end. According to a tradition that was current near the end of the second century, he suffered mar- tyrdom during the reign of the evil king Manasseh. Justin Martyr (150 AD) in his dialogue with the Jew Trypho, accuses the Jews by saying of Isaiah, “whom ye sawed assunder with a wooden saw.” Background According to the introduction to the book, Isaiah was the “son of Amoz” (1:1). His name means “Jehovah saves”, or “salvation of Jehovah”. He seems to have belonged to a prominent family. He had access to the king (7:3) and was intimately acquainted with the priest (8:2). Tradition states he was a cousin of Uzziah. He was married and had two sons, Shear-jashub, a name meaning “a remnant shall return” (7:3), and Maher- shalal-hish-baz, meaning “hasting to the spoil, hurrying to the prey” a symbolizing of Assyria’s mad lust for conquest. (8:3) Isaiah’s prophetic ministry started in the year that Uzziah died (Isa. 6:1), which was 740 BC, and extended to after the fourteenth year of Hezekiah (693 BC) which tells us he prophesied over 40 years. His ministry took place during some of the most trying times of Israel’s and Judah’s existance. The Book of Isaiah 1 The Times The first verse of of Isaiah tells us that he prophesied “ in the days of Uzziah”, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. (1:1). We read of this period of Israel’s and Judah’s history in 2 Kings 15-20 and 2 Chronicles 26-32. During the reigns of Uzziah and his son Jotham, Israel prospered materially as she had never prospered before since the days of Solomon. The country was militarily strong and many public works projects were undertaken and completed (2 Chron. 26:6-15, 27:1-9). During the reign of Jotham, Assyria began to rise as a world power. Tiglath-pileser III, who was called “Pul” in 2 Kings 15:19 came against North Israel and forced them to pay tribute. His presence cause Pekah, king of North Israel to form an alliance with Rezin, king of Damascus in order to resist further agression by Assyria. When Ahaz of Judah refused to join this confed- eracy, they resolved to dethrone him and put Tabeel upon the throne of David in his place (2 Kings 16:5) (Isa. 7:5-6). In panic, Ahaz sent to Tiglath-pileser for help (2 Kings 16:6-8). The Assyrian king responded by immediately conquering Damascus and slaying Rezin, and carrying the people captive into Kir. Under the influence of the Assyrians, Ahaz introduced idolatry into Judah (2 Kings 16:10-18) (2 Chron. 28:3). During his reign, Judah was brought very low (2 Chron. 28:5, 6, 16-21). Ahaz was followed on the throne by Hezekiah, who was basically a good king. He inherited a heavy burdenfrom his father. The splendor of Uzziah’s and Jotham’s reigns was quickly fading away before the menac- ing and demanding Assyrians. Hezekiah instituted religious reforms. He restored the temple worship, removed the “high places”, and even invited North Israel to joim with them in celebrating the Passover (2 Kings 18:4, 22) (2 Chron. 29:1-11) (30:1). North Israel’s end was drawing near. Being encouraged by Egypt, Hoshea, a puppet king of Israel refused to pay tribute to Assyria (2 Kings 17:4). Shalmaaneser IV, who has succeded Tiglath-pileser, besieged Samaria for three years. The city was finally captured by Sargon II who succeeded Shalmaneser IV. According to Sargon’s records, 27, 290 of Israel’s choicest people were carried away into captivity and the land was populated with colonists from other countries. This the Northern kingdom of Israel came to an end. During Hezekiah’s reign, Jerusalem was besieged by the Assyrian army, and only by the miraculous intervention of God who killed 180,000 Assyrian soldiers, was the city saved (2 Kings 18:13 - 19:37). This was the greatest crisis of many in Isaiah’s career. When Hezekiah recovered from a serious illness by the help of God, Merodach-baladan, ruler of Babylon, sent an embassy to Jerusalem to congratulate him on his re- covery. Hezekiah showed him all the treasures of Jerusalem and at this time Isaiah prophesied of Babylonian captivity. (2 Kings 210:12-18). 2 MIKEAL R. HUGHES The Book The book of Isaiah consists of 66 chapters. The book can be divided up in one of three ways. The first way is to divided into two divisions. The first division in this classification would be chapters 1-39 and the second division would be chapters 40-66. Using this classification many refer to the book of Isaiah as a “mini-bible”, that is like the Bible where the Old Testment begins with Genesis and ending in Malachi consisting of 39 book like the first division of Isaiah having 39 chapters. Then the New Testament consisting of 27 books, the last section of Isaiah would consist of 27 chapters from 40 to 66. A second way of dividing Isaiah is to divided the book into three sections chapters 1-35 dealing with coming judgments from God; pun- ishment upon Judah and Jerusalem, and also upon the citizens of Israel, Moab, Edom, Damascus, Babylon, Assyria, Tyre, Ethiopia, and Egypt.
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