Isle Royale National Park, Ing Four Fjordlike Harbors, the Longest One of the Few Remaining Wilderness of Which Is Rock Harbor
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NATIONAL PARK ... MudUaati UNITED STATES Fishing 10 DEPARTMENT OF THE ISLE Seasons 10 INTERIOR Legal Sizes 10 ROYALE Harold L. Ickes, Secretary NATIONAL PARK Daily and Possession Limits 10 MICHIGAN 41 Boating 10 19 SEASON JUNE 15 TO SEPTEMBER 15 Camping 13 WHITE BIRCH Photo by Oastler NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Hiking 13 Newton B. Drury, Director HE establishment of Isle Royale boundary, 50 miles northwest of Keewe- What to Wear and What to T National Park in northwestern naw Point, Mich., 20 miles southeast of C 0^\TE^\TS Bring 13 Lake Superior, Mich., was author Thunder Cape on the Canadian main ized by act of Congress, approved March land, and 19 miles east of Grand 3, 1931. Portage, Minn. The main island, Isle Isle Royale Moose . Cover Accommodations and In 1935 Federal emergency funds Royale, is the largest in Lake Superior. About 45 miles long and 9 miles across (Copyright, Frank M. Warren) Expenses 14 were made available for the acquisi tion of land within the area for Emer at its widest point, it contains approxi Rock Harbor Lodge ... 14 gency Conservation Work purposes. mately 210 square miles. Geology 4 These funds were subsequently aug The other islands range in size from Windigo Inn 14 mented by an allotment by the State mere rock protrusions to islands 2 or Flowers and Trees .... 4 of Michigan to make possible the ac more miles in length. Mott Island, Belle Isle Camp .... 15 quiring of 121,000 acres of privately where the park headquarters is located, owned lands. Civilian Conservation is part of the outer chain that forms Wildlife 5 Supplies and Curios . 15 Corps camps were installed on Isle the southeast boundary of Rock Har Royale for the protection and improve bor, a harbor 13 miles long. ment of the area, pending final estab History 6 With some 105 smaller islets and Gasoline and Oil . 15 lishment of the park. countless minor rocks surrounding it, On April 3, 1940, Secretary Ickes Isle Royale might well be termed an Transportation 6 Administration and accepted the deed from the State of archipelago. The northeastern end of Michigan to 133,225 acres of land the main island is often compared to Boat Schedules .... 6 Protection 15 which, together with the public do the fingers of a hand; it consists of five main set aside by President Roosevelt, chains of islands and peninsulas form Charter and Special Trips 10 Post Office 15 comprise Isle Royale National Park, ing four fjordlike harbors, the longest one of the few remaining wilderness of which is Rock Harbor. The islands Rail and Bus Service . 10 Telegrams 15 areas of continental United States. on the southwestern end form a har Isle Royale and its neighboring bor (Grace Harbor) within a harbor islands lie just within the international (Washington Harbor). 2 Isle Royale National Par\ * Michigan Isle Royale National Parf{ * Michigan 3 GEOLOGY Isle Royale, the largest being Siskiwit Isle Royale is almost void of sandy with an area of 6 square miles. The beaches and shows every indication of lakes, the open glades among heavily recent emergence—geologically speak wooded slopes, and the oft-broken ing—from Lake Superior. The evi shoreline all add to the beauty of the dence consists in raised rocky beaches; island. sea caves; jagged remnants of rocks, the FLOWERS AND TREES work of waves when the lake stood The geographical location and geo at a higher level; and cascades which fall logical development of Isle Royale have into the lake. The rocks of the island, combined to give it a wide and inter some of the oldest known, are a series esting variety of flora. Boreal species of lava flows and sediments derived al mingled with that of the lake forest, most wholly from the lavas. together with bog vegetation, create an Following the formation of the lava outstanding example of the transition beds, the area passed through a period from north to south. Canada dogwood of elevation, erosion, depression, and or bunchberry carpets wide areas; deposition, followed by a second period prince's pine or pipsissewa, the uni of elevation, tilting, and faulting which versally loved twin flowers, trilliums, resulted in the long narrow ridges with and pyrola are found in the dense Photo by Baggley intervening valleys. The breaking up woods. The spectacular devil's club, so DOCWOOD of the softer rocks of the parallel ridges familiar in the Pacific Northwest, oc left gentle slopes on the southern side curs in many places, although several green spire-shaped conifers. Several the quiet waters of many an inland and abrupt, steep faces on the north. hundred miles east of its natural range; species of birch occur, the most abund channel. The main ridge, Greenstone Ridge, ex and saprophytic plants, including the ant being yellow birch and paper or WILDLIFE tends down the center of the island to Indian-pipe or ghost-flower, are found white birch. Sugar, red, and mountain Separated as it is from the mainland, form a divide and is broken by about in abundance. Deep blue iris and sev maple, black ash, boreal red oak, quak Isle Royale lacks many forms of wild four low gaps. eral kinds of orchids skirt the swamp ing aspen, mountain ash, alders, and life common to both Canada and the lands. Perhaps the greatest joy of the willows are found throughout the is United States. Bear, porcupine, deer, The great ice sheets of the glacial flower lover comes with the discovery lands. Balsam fir is the most common wolves, and several hibernating rodents periods overrode the entire island. of large numbers of orchids, wild and conifer, but white cedar, white and have not made their appearance here When the ice retreated, Isle Royale was undisturbed. Bluebells of Scotland or black spruce, larch, and white, jack, and or have disappeared because of unfavor submerged by a great lake which lay harebells nod from every crevice, and Norway pine are all abundant. In re able living conditions. Moose, coyote, along the front of the receding ice. As showy wood lilies lift their cups above gions where mining is prevalent, it has lynx, mink, beaver, and snowshoe rab the ice melted, lower outlets were luxuriant grasses. There are innumer been the custom to set fires to expose bits are common, particularly the moose, opened and the waters receded. This able ferns, lichens, mosses, fungi, and the rock strata, and most of the island whose favorite haunts are Lake Ritchie, possibly was accompanied by elevation a wide variety of rushes and sedges. shows evidence of old burns. Thus Lake Halloran, Rock Harbor Lodge, of the land. The net result, however, Dense undergrowth makes travel diffi there are few large forest trees but Grace Creek, McCargo Cove, and Lake left Isle Royale much as it is today. cult, except along the trails or in open many stands of different ages and some Eva. They are also seen frequently The highest elevation on the island meadows. old patriarchs which have withstood along the trails in the back country. is Ishpeming Point, 705 feet above the the burnings. Certain areas have Beaver are found along the inland lakes level of the lake. The water is deep The large stands of light green de stands which consist almost entirely of and may be seen by those who patient close to shore and most harbors are ciduous trees, with their rounded tops, birch and poplar. Cedar, spruce, fir, ly watch and wait. Birds are common navigable. There are many lakes on are found side by side with the darker alder, and birch dip their branches into during spring and fall migrations; 4 Isle Royale National Par\ * Michigan Isle Royale National Par/{ * Michigan 5 many varieties are seen throughout the AR.: Soo Tues. 7:30 p.m. nesting and summer season. LV.: Soo Tues.4 8 p.m. HISTORY AR.: Isle Royale Wed. 1:30 p.m. (Rock Harbor) The Indian, fur trader, miner, lum LV.: Isle Royale Wed. 3:30 p.m. berman, and fisherman, as well as the (Rock Harbor) Pass Soo Thurs. 6:30 a.m. summer cottager, have all contributed AR.: Mackinac Thurs. 3:30 p.m. to the fascinating history of Isle Royale. LV.: Mackinac Thurs. 5 p.m. A visit to the old copper pits of ab AR.: Chicago Fri. 3 p.m. origines of 600 to 800 years ago, the Rates vary according to space desired; ruins of the old mines of 1844 to 1896, minimum rate is $49.50, including meals the site of a post of the American Fur and berth for 5-day round trip. Trading Company, or one of the pres S. S. NORTH AMERICA, Buffalo, ent-day fishing villages typical of Nor N. Y. Passengers only. Week-end sail way or Finland, is certain to stimulate ings starting July 5. keen interest in the history of the LV.: Buffalo Sat. 8 p.m. island. AR.: Cleveland Sun. 8 a.m. The story of man's search for the LV.: Cleveland Sun. 9 a.m. precious native copper is the most in AR.: Detroit Sun. 4:30 p.m. triguing chapter in the history of the LV.: Detroit Sun. 5:30 p.m. island. It is a story of ardent hopes AR.: Mackinac Mon. 2:30 p.m. and shattered dreams, of dire hardship LV.: Mackinac Mon. 4:30 p.m. SUMMER DAYS ARE CRISP AND COOL ON ISLE ROYALE and failure, for mining did not prove Pass Soo Mon. 12 m. successful although it was attempted AR.: Isle Royale Tues. 4:30 p.m.