Hazard Identification Tool Tsunami – Samoa – 30 September 2009 TS-2009-000210-WSM Disclaimer The present hazard identification has been carried out based on publicly available information. An attempt has been made to identify locations of facilities and objects as precisely as possible. However, the list is not exhaustive or conclusive; other hazards may be present in the area and some of the identified locations may be obsolete. Furthermore, the estimated impact types should not be used as a basis for decision making on response measures, but further investigations should be made to verify the information provided in the HIT and to asses the actual impact. Objective The objective of the Hazard Identification Tool (HIT) is to alert the UN Country Team and emergency responders to potential secondary risks after a natural disaster posed by large infrastructure and industrial facilities containing hazardous materials located in the affected area. This information can be shared with competent local and national authorities as appropriate. Any actual secondary risk should be addressed at the earliest possible stage. Methodology of the HIT The methodology of the HIT is based on the Flash Environmental Assessment Tool (FEAT), a rapid assessment methodology to identify the most acute hazards to human health and the environment after natural disasters. The HIT is compiled based on research using publicly available information sources and provides a list of “big and obvious” facilities and objects that may pose a risk to human health and life, as well as the natural environment. The list includes indications of the substances that are expected to be present in these facilities, as well as the hazard types associated with these substances and related estimated impact types. Wherever the (expected) location of a facility could be identified, this information has been filled into the first column of the HIT. If the facility is expected to be present, but no location could be identified, this has been indicated. Whenever the location field has been left blank, it is not expected that these facilities are present in the country. Event An earthquake of magnitude 8.3 and depth 33 kms struck in the Samoa Islands Region. Death toll in Western Samoa has risen to 62 and is expected to rise. Samoa has declared a State of Disaster and requested assistance from foreign missions and the United Nations. The Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit The Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit is the United Nations mechanism to mobilize and coordinate the international response to environmental emergencies caused by natural disaster, technological accidents and complex emergencies. Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit - Environmental Emergencies Unit, Emergency Preparedness Section, Emergency Services Branch, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Palais des Nations, Room 114, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland, Fax: +41 22 917 02 57, OCHA 24/7 Emergency Hotline: +41 22 917 2010 Page 1 of 11 List of Hazards Estimated Impact Actual Hazard Type Location Facility Substances Hazard Type Hospital / sterilizing ethylene oxide gas toxic to humans, Direct impact on These facilities may be industry carcinogenic, human health present in the affected mutagenic area Winning, preparing chlorine gas toxic to humans, direct impact on and distribution of gas toxic to the human health (Standard facilities in drinking water (with environment HIT) chemicals) Food processing of coconut cream, Electricity ammonia gas toxic to humans, direct impact on coconut oil, noni (juice distribution gas toxic to the human health, life of the nonu fruit, as it environment support and nature is known in Samoan), direct and copra for export. Production of food ammonia gas toxic to humans, direct impact on Locations and drink, incl. gas toxic to the human health, life undetermined. slaughterhouse environment support and nature direct Aerospace hydrofluoric acid, liquid toxic to the direct impact on life- manufacture / repair cyanide environment, liquid support functions and (land-side) toxic to humans , liquid nature (direct impact toxic after contact with on human health) water Largely agricultural Agricultural services mixed chemicals (fire) gas toxic to humans direct impact on economy in Upolu and (incl. small storage) (toxic smoke) human health Savaii. Exact locations undetermined. Known traces of the Agriculture (animals, organotin pesticide, toxic/persistent, long-term impact, following pesticides for crop, forestry, fruit, organochlorine carcinogenic, direct impact on life- agricultural use etc.) pesticide, mutagenic, liquid toxic support functions and Type of POPs Type of phenoxyacetic acid to the environment, nature (direct impact Chemical derivative pesticide, liquid toxic to humans, on human health) 1. Aldrin Pesticide carbamate pesticide, flammable liquid, gas 2. Dieldrin Pesticide substituted nitro toxic to humans, (toxic 3. DDT Pesticide phenol pesticide, smoke) 4. Heptachlor organophosphorus Pesticide pesticide, pyrethroid 5. Chlordane Pesticide pesticide, triazine 6. PCBs Pesticide, pesticide, mercury Industrial chemical based pesticide, 7. Polychlorinated dithiocarbamate dibenzo-p-dioxins pesticide, mixed (Dioxins) By-product chemicals (fire) 8. Polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (Furans) By-product 9. HCB Pesticide, Industrial chemical, By-product These are imported and stored by companies such as the ASC Agriculture Store Corporation. Upolu (Faleolo Airports (air-side) kerosene liquid toxic to the long-term impact, International Airport in environment, direct impact on life- Apia and Fagali’i toxic/persistent support functions and Airport in Fagali’i ‘ nature reportefly closed), Savai'i (Asau Airport in Asau, Lalomalava Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit - Environmental Emergencies Unit, Emergency Preparedness Section, Emergency Services Branch, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Palais des Nations, Room 114, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland, Fax: +41 22 917 02 57, OCHA 24/7 Emergency Hotline: +41 22 917 2010 Page 2 of 11 List of Hazards Estimated Impact Actual Hazard Type Location Facility Substances Hazard Type Airport in Lalomalava and Maota Airport in Maota). Artificial ski run ammonia gas toxic to humans, direct impact on gas toxic to the human health environment Exact locations Breeding and mixed chemicals (fire) gas toxic to humans direct impact on undetermined. Most keeping animals (toxic smoke) human health meet is imported. Bus-, tram- and solvents, cleaning liquid toxic to the direct impact on metro, taxi stations agents environment, liquid human health, long- Likely to be present in toxic after contact with term impact Apia on Upolo. water, carcinogenic, mutagenic, flammable liquid, toxic/persistent Car scrap yard cleaning agents, liquid toxic to the long-term impact, solvents environment, direct impact on life- Likelz to be present in flammable liquid, support functions and area surrounding Apia toxic/persistent, liquid nature on Upolu. Exact toxic after contact with location not available. water, carcinogenic, mutagenic Defense hydrazine, fuel, liquid toxic to the long-term impact, explosives environment, liquid direct impact on life- toxic to humans, support functions and flammable liquid, nature (direct impact toxic/persistent on human health) (explosive) Energy production natural gas, propane, flammable gas, gas direct impact on Oil based energy. and distribution butane, ammonia toxic to the human health Exact location (steam, propane / environment, gas toxic undetermined. butane, oil and to humans solvents, etc.) Environmental mixed chemicals (fire) gas toxic to humans, direct impact on services (toxic smoke) human health Fish farming mixed chemicals (fire) gas toxic to humans direct impact on (toxic smoke) human health Forestry and mixed chemicals (fire) gas toxic to humans direct impact on -services (incl. small (toxic smoke) human health storage) Galvano industry chromium (III) toxic/persistent, direct impact on carcinogenic, human health mutagenic, solid toxic after contact with water Gas distribution natural gas flammable gas, gas direct impact on toxic to the human health environment LPG gas, and fuels all Gas service stations liquefied petroleum flammable gas, gas direct impact on dock at Apia Harbour (with LPG) gas (LPG) toxic to the human health in Upolu. Other environment storage sites undetermined. Glass production hydrogen fluoride explosive, solid toxic direct impact on after contact with human health water Hydro dams (large) - - - - - - Dam stability might be Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit - Environmental Emergencies Unit, Emergency Preparedness Section, Emergency Services Branch, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Palais des Nations, Room 114, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland, Fax: +41 22 917 02 57, OCHA 24/7 Emergency Hotline: +41 22 917 2010 Page 3 of 11 List of Hazards Estimated Impact Actual Hazard Type Location Facility Substances Hazard Type affected, dammed water, high voltage electricity Ice skating rink ammonia gas toxic to humans, direct impact on gas toxic to the human health environment Iron and steel cleaning agents, liquid toxic to the direct impact on foundries solvents environment, human health, direct flammable liquid, impact on life-support toxic/persistent, liquid functions and nature, toxic after contact with long-term impact water, carcinogenic, mutagenic Likely to be present Laundry, carpet dibenzoyl peroxide, liquid toxic to the direct impact on life- both on Upolu and clean,