Native Plant Materials and Post-fire Seeding Strategies for the Great Basin

Nancy Shaw Robert Cox Jim Truax Nick Williams Erin Denney Matt Fisk Science Delivery Publications

• Journal papers, book chapters, proceedings (121) • Plant propagation protocols (21) • Tech notes and plant guides (15) • Theses and dissertations (15) • Annual reports (7) Meetings and Workshops

2009 • GBNPSIP Annual Meeting

• Workshop: Developing a Successful Native Plant Program

• ESA Workshop: Restoring and Sustaining Western Landscapes: Interaction with Climate Change

2010 • GBNPSIP Annual Meeting

• Workshop: Seed Production of Native Grasses and Forbs REVEGETATION EQUIPMENT CATALOG www.reveg-catalog.tamu.edu

Robert Cox Texas Tech University

RTEC Calibration of Drills for Rehabilitation and Restoration Seedings on Western Wildlands: A Training Video

Lisa Outka-Perkins, USDA FS Missoula Technology & Development Center

Collaborators: • USDA NRCS Aberdeen Plant Materials Center • Truax Company • USDI BLM Vale Equipment Center • USDA FS Rocky Mountain Research Station Needs: Synthesis materials • Tech notes (seed production and wildland seeding) • Plant guides • Plant propagation protocols • Websites Available plant materials • Species and areas of use • Status of new materials Seed Collections 2009 GBNPSIP Seed Collections Family No. Family No. Family No. Scientific name collections Scientific name collections Scientific name collections Apiaceae Brassicaceae Papaveraceae Lomatium spp. 1 Descurainia pinnata 1 Argemone munita 2 Lomatium dissectum 8 Thelypodium milleflorum 2 Poaceae Lomatium grayi 1 Capparaceae Achnatherum thurberianum 37 Lomatium nudicaule 4 Cleome serrulata 1 Hesperostipa comata 6 Lomatium triternatum 9 Fabaceae Leymus cinereus 4 Asteraceae Astragalus filipes 7 Poa secunda 1 Agoseris spp. 2 Dalea ornata 8 Pseudoroegneria spicata 1 Agoseris heterophylla 1 Dalea searlsiae 6 Onagraceae Artemisia tridentata 4 Lupinus spp. 2 Epilobium brachycarpum 1 Artemisia tridentata tridentata 24 Lupinus arbustus 2 Oenothera caespitosa 1 Artemisia tridentata vaseyana 21 Lupinus argenteus 2 Polemoniaceae Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis 18 Lupinus malacophyllus 1 Eriastrum sparsiflorum 1 Balsamorhiza hookeri 8 Lupinus prunophilus 1 Gilia spp. 1 Balsamorhiza sagittata 4 Lupinus sericeus 2 Ipomopsis aggregata 6 Blepharipappus scaber 3 Gentianaceae Phlox longifolia 1 Chaenactis spp. 1 Frasera albomarginata 2 Polygonaceae Chaenactis douglasii 6 Hydrophyllaceae Eriogonum heracleoides 11 Crepis acuminata 3 Phacelia crenulata 1 Eriogonum ovalifolium 2 Crepis occidentalis 1 Lamiaceae Eriogonum umbellatum 17 Machaeranthera canescens 9 Agastache spp. 1 Scrophulariaceae Enceliopsis nudicaulis 3 Liliaceae Penstemon spp. 4 Heliomeris multiflora var. nevadensis 6 Allium spp. 1 Penstemon acuminatus 12 Boraginaceae Linaceae Penstemon deustus 8 Amsinckia spp. 3 Linum lewisii 3 Penstemon eatonii 1 Amsinckia intermedia 1 Linum subteres 1 Penstemon pachyphyllus 3 Amsinckia tesselata 2 Loasaceae Penstemon speciosus 9 Cryptantha spp. 1 Mentzelia spp. 3 Solanaceae Lappula occidentalis 1 Malvaceae Nicotiana atropurpurea 1 Brassicaceae Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia 2 Nicotiana attenuata 3 Descurainia pinnata 1 Sphaeralcea coccinea 2 Valerianaceae Thelypodium milleflorum 2 Sphaeralcea munroana 4 Plectritis spp. 1 Total Collections 334 Total Species 72 Germplasm Conservation Collections (Boise – 2009)

Northern E. Cascade Snake River Basin and Blue Idaho Slopes and Scientific Name Plain Range Mountains Batholith Foothills Allium acuminatum 1 Astragalus filipes 1 Balsamorhiza sagittata 1 Crepis occidentalis 1 Eriogonum heracleoides 1 Eriogonum ovalifolium 1 Eriogonum umbellatum 3 7 2 Lomatium grayi 1 2 1 Lomatium leptocarpum 1 Lomatium macrocarpum 1 Lomatium triternatum 3 1 3 1 Lupine argenteus 2 Penstemon acuminatus 9 2 1 Penstemon deustus 2 9 2 3 Penstemon speciosus 4 3 1 Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia 2 TOTAL 26 30 11 4 1 Seed Distribution – Boise 2009 No. Recipient Accessions FS National Seed Laboratory (R Karrfalt) 28 Private Seed Growers 23 Oregon State University (C Shock) 16 ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (RC Johnson) 2 Utah State University (C Ransom) 2 ARS Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory (J Cane) 1 ARS Forage and Range Research Laboratory (D Johnson) 1 FS Lucky Peak Nursery 1 NRCS Aberdeen PMC 1 University of Idaho (A Davis) 1 TOTAL ACCESSIONS 76 204 lbs Seed Increase

Penstemon acuminatus Sharpleaf penstemon Lomatium triternatum Nineleaf biscuitroot Eriogonum umbellatum Sulfur-flower buckwheat Eriogonum heracleoides Wyeth buckwheat Preliminary Observations on Forb Diseases

Ram Sampangi*, Krishna Mohan*, University of Idaho, Parma ID 83660, [email protected] Clint Shock**, O.S.U, Malheur Experiment Station OR 97914 Nancy Shaw **** USDA Forest Service, Boise 83702

Sphaeralcea Sphaeralcea Sphaeralcea Lomatium grayi Penstemon coccinea grossulariifolia parvifolia acuminatus

Powdery Powdery Powdery Leaf blight Red Ring spots Mildew [Fungal] Mildew [Fungal] Mildew [Fungal] [Fungal] [Virus] Seed Dormancy in Lomatium dissectum Marcelo Serpe, Boise State University

• Coastal populations of L. dissectum dissectum require longer prechilling treatment than L. dissectum multifidum.

• Seeds collected in eastern Oregon during a dry year (2007) were more dormant than seeds collected in a wet year (2005).

• Embryos in late stages of stratification and embryo development lose desiccation tolerance Diversity of mycorrhizal fungi associated with Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Marcelo Serpe, Boise State University

Objectives: • Identify and examine effects of added AMF on ARTRW seedling growth parameters for a single Snake River Plain location (USDA grant)

• Examine AMF colonizing roots of ARTRW in communities of the Snake River Plain

• Identify AMF species in soil samples from AMF (arrows) these communities Development of Effective Equipment for Seeding Diverse Seed Mixes on Rangelands

Jim Truax, Truax Company

For areas where diverse seed mixes will be planted: • Control depth of seed placement • Surface seed select species • Multiple seed boxes and seed delivery systems • Conserve residual natives and soil crusts; minimize surface disturbance • Simplify calibration – calibration wheel Recent Innovations Post-wildfire Rehabilitation Research Sites

GBNPSIP Sites JFS Sites Established 2006-2008 Seeding Equipment and Techniques for Establishing Post-fire Native Seedings

Collaborators: Robert Cox, Texas Tech University, Loren St.John, Brent Cornforth, Dan Ogle, USDA NRCS; Jim Truax, Trax Co.; Mike Pellant and Tom Warren, USDI BLM plus Nick Williams, Matt Fisk, Erin Denney and many others

1. Examine the ability of two drills (Rangeland and Minimum-till) to establish mixed species seedings. 2. Compare establishment at two seeding rates. 3. Evaluate establishment of weedy species in areas seeded with each drill.

4. Assess effects of drills on residual natives and biological soil crusts.

Rangeland Minimum till

+ E. Humboldt

Min-till

Rangeland Gopher

Min-till

Rangeland

Equipment and Strategies to Enhance Post- Wildfire Establishment and persistence of Great Basin Native Plants Nancy Shaw;Robert Cox, Texas Tech; Mike Pellant, USDI BLM; Dave Pyke, USGS; Loren St. John Dan Ogle, and Brent Cornforth, USDA NRCS; USDI BLM Burns, Mt. Home and SLC Offices

Glass Butte 2007 2 Mt. Home 2 2007

Scooby 2 2008 Objectives:

1. Compare establishment of native grasses, forbs, and shrubs seeded with the rangeland and minimum-till drill. 2. Assess seeding methods, dates, and rates for post-fire establishment of Wyoming big sagebrush. Evaluate Brillion impactors. 3. Compare impacts of drills on biological soil crusts, soil characteristics, and recovery of invasive annuals and residual natives. 4. Utilize USGS/BLM ES&R protocols in monitoring. 5. Establish studies that will assess long-term impacts of grazing on native ES&R seedings Fenced Treatments Drill Seeding Rates

No Drill No Seed No Seed Standard 5X ARTRW Minimum-till 10X ARTRW Fall Hand Broadcast Winter Hand Broadcast No Seed Standard 5X ARTRW Rangeland 10X ARTRW Fall Hand Broadcast Winter Hand Broadcast Drill and Revegetation Species Impacts on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties Beth Newingham, University of Idaho Amy Ganguli, North Dakota State University

Water Infiltration Dust Emissions

Also: moisture, compaction, microtopography, stability Next Steps

• Develop soil chemistry – Micronutrients, macronutrients, C, N, P, cation exchange capacity • Soil microbial work

Nancy Shaw [email protected] Shaw [email protected] Students Supported: Undergraduate Mentoring & Intern Programs: many students Graduate students: 15 M.S. and Ph.D.s Completed,