The Navy and Army Illustrated

Vol. V.— No. 54.J FRIDAY, JANUARY 7th, 1898.

Photo. E L IO T T & FRY, Baker Street. ADMIRAL SIR LEOPOLD G. HEATH , K.C.B. D M IR A L H E A T H entered the S ervice in 1830, w as prom oted lieutenant b y prize com m ission in 1840, A captain in 1854, and rear-admiral in 1871, being placed on the retired list in 1873, and has since risen to full admiral on the retired list. As commander of the “ Niger” he saw active service in the attack on Lagos in 1850, also in the “ Niger” and “ Sans Pareil” during the Russian War; he was principal agent of transports at Balaclava, for which he was promoted and received the C.B.; he was also commodore in command of the East Indian Station in the “ Octavia” during the Abyssinian War of 1868, receiving the thanks of Parliament for his services, and was made a K .C.B.; he also holds the Crimean and Turkish medals, Sebastopol clasp, the Medjidie 4th Glass, and the Abyssinian medal. In 1836 he gained-the xst medal at the Royal Naval College. THE NAVY AND ARMY iLLUSTRAl ED. [Jan. 7th, 1&98.

THE NEW AUSTRALIAN FLAG-SHIR, “ROYAL ARTHUR." ' I 'H E first-class baltle-ship “ Hannibal” is one of the last one of the two remaining “ Sovereigns” in the Channel J- to be completed of the “ Majestic ” and “ Magnificent” Squadron. The “ Royal Arthur ” was named by Her set of battle-ships, with certain later improvements. She Majesty the Queen, in honour of the Duke of Connaught, has been built under the Naval Programme of 1895, was when she christened the ship on February 26th, 1891, and launched at Pembroke Dockyard, and finally completed at is one of our very successful first-class cruisers laid down Portsmouth. At her recent official speed trials in the under the Naval Defence Act of 1889. She came home last Channel, the “ Hannibal” developed a speed of i6-3 knots year from serving as fiag-shipon the Pacific station, under the with natural draught, and 18 knots with forced draught. The flag of Sir Henry Stephenson, and has recently left England “ Hannibal” will be ready to hoist the pennant in March to relieve the “ Orlando,” as flag-ship of Rear-Admiral Hugo I,- next, when she will replace the “ Repulse” or the “ Resolution.” Pearson, new Commander-iu-Chief on the Australian station.

c/twit. HANNIBAL" ON HER TRIAL TRIP. Jan. 7th, 1898.1 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED.

The Bicycle Afloat for Pleasure and Business.

E have already at various limes made note of how readily the Navy, both officers and men, avail them W selves of the cycle for runs on shore whenever oppor tunity offers, and for racing at Squadron and Fleet gymkhanas. At Naval athletic meetings, from Esquimault to Malta, there is never a gathering on shore at which the bicycle is not seen— more particularly at Malta, the scene of the gathering shown in one of our photographs to-day. The bicycle has been in the highest popularity with all ranks and ratings of the Mediterranean Fleet for years past, its popularity in no small degree being due to the example set by the late Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean, now Port Admiral at Portsmouth, Sir Michael Culme-Seymour, himself a first-rate athlete and keen cyclist. Whenever his Fleet was at Malta, Sir Michael was constantly to be seen having a spin along the roads of the island with his officers,, and the example had a very great deal to do with the enthu siasm with which the Mediterranean Fleet went in for the new j'astime. Our photograph of a group of cyclists belonging, to the “ Nile,” of the Mediterranean Fleet, is in point here. Out of a total ship’s company of 560 men, there are 110 fewer than 60 accomplished riders among the warrant and petty officers, bluejackets, and marines of the “ Nile,” all of whom have representatives in our group. “ We ‘Niles,’” says the corre spondent who sends us the photograph from Malta, have been scouring the island lately, and are looking forward to taking similar pleasure at home in our towns and villages, when in a few weeks the ship returns to England to pay off.” •< Our photograph of a midshipman of the “ Jupiter,” in the Channel Squadron, shows the business application of the bicycle in the Navy, the young officer being seen equipped From a Photo. B y a N aval Ojjicei to act as A.D.C. to the officer commanding a landing party. A Cyclist A.D.C. of the “ Jupiter.”

When the Channel Squadron was at Gibraltar recently, a general landing of the brigade of seamen was organised, and the day before a signal was made ordering all midshipmen having bicycles to report themselves, that they might be attached to the different battalion leaders. There were in all some twelve or more, and very useful they proved themselves in taking messages— 110 sinecure, seeing that there were 3,500 men landed, and the line of march alone covered considerably more than a mile. The officer shown in our illus tration formed onfe of this party, aud his smart, workmanlike turn-out should satisfy the most critical of the military bicycle experts at home, whether Army orvolunteer, as to what the Royal Navy can do in this line of business when occasion arises. Elsewhere, it may be added, in one of our East Africa coast expeditions, two or three years ago, other Naval cyclists have done good work Photo. MiK. Malta. 6 W Men at the Wheel from the “ N il e ” copin&iu.-H. & k on tile jjne 0f communications with the front.

IN MEMORIAM:— The “ Serpent.”

N officer of the Channel Squadron sends A„ us the accompanying photograph of the memorial erected near Villagarcia, Arosa Bay, on the north-western Spanish coast, to the memory of the ill-fated crew of the British cruiser “ Serpent,” which was wrecked near by in a storm on the night of N ovem ber 10th, 1S90. The memorial is erected on an isolated peak near the sea, on the summit of a natural cairn of gigantic boulders, visible from a great distance all round. There are really here two memorials of the “ Serpent.” One is the tablet of marble with gilt lettering, setting forth how the “ Serpent” was lost, w ith between 100 and 200 men drowned, and the date of the disaster, erected at the instance of the British Admiralty. This is the large tablet shown apart from the others, to the left of the photograph as you look at it. The second memorial comprises the tall cross set up on the railed-off top of the large projecting boulder in the centre of the photo graph. It was erected as a special mark of sympathy by the Spanish Government, and the cross bears an inscription, “ To the victims of the sea.” The remaining tablets From a Photo. ’p j l f “ Serpent " Memorial. B y a N aval Officer. are Spanish memorials of other wrecks. 160 The nAVy AND a r m )' ILLUSTRATED. flan.7th, is „ 8 .

H.M. Coastguard and Royal Naval Reserve.

HE accompanying pic tures to a great extent rexplain themselves. They represent some of the scenes at a recent inspection of the coastguard station and Royal Naval Reserve men and their battery at King’s Lynn, by Commander R. E- Berkeley, the inspecting commander of the division. Commander Berkeley is a firm believer in the possi bility of forming a thoroughly reliable Naval Reserve under Mr. Goschen’s statesmanlike scheme, especially from the hardy fishermen and coasting seamen who surround our islands, if only they can be induced to submit themselves to a course of six months’ training on board a man-of- war. Most of their gunnery instruction can be, and is, imparted to them at their batteries on shore, which are The Inspecting Commander Homeward Bound. built to resemble the fighting deck of a ship; but it is a.l-important that the> should date man-of-war to “ find tlieiiway about,” “ to rub shoulders spend at least six months on board' a thoroughly ’jp-to- with the long-service bluejackets,” and, above all, to obtain thaV perfect confidence in and prompt obedience to the orders of their officers which distinguish the man-of-war’s man of to-day. Many of the drill batteries of the Royal Naval Reserve are being brought up to date by having modern quick-fir ing and breech-loading guns substituted for the old- fashioned muzzle-loaders. It will be seen that L,ynn still possesses one of the latter type, but it is to be shortly removed, and will probably be replaced by a 6-in. quick-firing gun. A 3-pounder Hotchkiss gun is also to be mounted in this battery. The question is some times asked, Can six months’ training, however good, make these men competent to per Rallying Round the Flag. form all the duties of our highly-trained seamen-gunners and torpedo-men? The answer, of course, is no, not a ll the duties; but there are numbers of these highly-trained men besides Royal Marines who in time of peace are employed in the magazines, sliell-rooms, at machine guns, and other duties which could be per fectly well carried out by men of the Royal Naval Reserve, who should be pre pared, on the order being given for general mobilisa tion for war, to assume them at once, thus freeing hun dreds of seamen-gunners, torpedo-men, and Royal Marine gunners to attend to the more scientific duties connected with hydraulic machinery for working heavy guns and turrets, torpedoes, etc., which they, and they alone, could efficiently per form on board the newly-com missioned ships that we should have to man on the slightest prospect of war. Heavy Gun Drill. r>' « N aval Officer The appearance of the smart, Jan. 7th, 1898.] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. 161

intelligent coastguards is well known to all those who go down to our coasts in the summer for a whiff of the briny; but it is not so generally known that these men are composed of the cream of our Navy, and that their high state of efficiency is maintained by one-half of them being embarked every year for the Naval Manoeuvres and the other half going to their district ships for a month's drill. This is done alternately by sections.

From a Photo. ' heady." B y a Naval Officer.

The force consists of 4,245 officers and men. If it were only 20,000 our next Trafalgar would be won already. One of our illustrations shows a group of coastguards with their From a Photo. officers and Royal Naval Reserve men shoulder to shoulder, Using the Breeches Buoy. B y a Naval Office* as, no doubt, they will be when the day of trial comes.

U CLEANLINESS IS NEXT TO GODLINESS.” " ^'I

Photo. DID HE HAVE HIS PAW IN THE PAINT POT? THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Jan. 7th, 1898-

THE “ RENOWN” AND HER OFFICERS.

krnm i

VICE-ADMIRAL SIR JOHN FISHER AND OFFICERS.

' | 'H E “ Renown” is a first-class battle-ship, of 12,350 tons. American station, as flag-ship to Sir John Fisher, the C0111- A She is armed with four 10-in. breech-loading guns, ten mander-in-chief, making an excellent passage in weather 6-in., eight 12-pounder and twelve 3-pounder quick- which proved her to be a splendid sea-boat. firing guns, and eight Maxims, has a total complement of A good view is herewith presented of the quarter-deck 674 officers and men, and can steam 18 knots with forced and the after barbette. The steel covers for the skylights, draught. There is 110 other vessel at present exactly which appear to screen the guns, are, of course, shut down iu resembling her. She recently left England for the North action, and every object is removed which could in any way

INTERIOR OF ADMIRAL’S CABIN. Jan.7th„um] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. 103

interfere with an all-round fire. The two midshipmen of the watch, it will be observed, are decidedly in evidence near the barbette. In the group of officers, Sir John Fisher naturally occupies a central position. His flag-captain sits on his right, while the flag-lieutenant and secretary stand behind, all three being distinguished by the gold aiguillettes, which is the badge of the admiral’s staff. The midshipmen occupy a humble but conspicuous position in front, one of them, towards the right, gazinginto the camera with a most engaging smile. The interior of the admiral’s cabin presents a pleasing picture of comfort and refinement, though, if the truth be told, admirals were considerably better off in the old line-of- battle-ships than in a modern ironclad, in spite of the huge disproportion in tonnage. However, there is a good deal to be said for the modern luxuries of electric lighting and so forth, and perhaps the authorities nowadays make a more liberal allowance than formerly for furniture, etc., beyond bare necessities, though an officer’s cabin must always be more or less characteristic of himself—or possibly of his wife. Sir John is distinctly en fa tn ille in this picture, for Lady Fisher sits by the piano, and one of tlieir daughters on the right. A. very interesting object is a large portrait of the Queen, presented to Sir John Fisher by Her Majesty, with whom the admiral is decidedly in favour, being both an efficient officer and a good courtier, with a ready wit. He has attained his present position by sheer force of character and unwearied energy, and has always had the capacity in a marked degree of obtaining a maximum amount of work from his subordinates. When quite a young gunnery lieu tenant, the men knew well that when “ Jack” came on the scene, something had to be done, and done quickly. He was in command of the “ Inflexible ” at the bombardment of Alexandria, and afterwards devised and commanded the “ ironclad train,” which was used with such excellent results in reconnoitring and skirmishing. As Director of Naval Ordnance, and subsequently Comptroller of the Navy, he has displayed characteristic zeal and ability. i Captain Daniel M. Riddel entered the Service in 1861, and attained his present rank in 1892. He passed rather a long period on the lieutenants’ list, but was only seven years a commander. He wears the Zulu medal, 1877-79, and is a Captain Daniel M. Riddel. popular and efficient officer.

TILE QUARTER-DECK. 'kotos. S Y M O N D S & CO., Portsmouth, Ig4 THE NAVY AND ARMY 1L L US TRA JED. TJan. 7th, 1898. BLUEJACKETS EQUIPPED FOR LANDING. HE four illustrations of bluejackets in landing rig will T be of interest, as showing the latest developments in this respect. Though seamen have, from an early date, been

''Ready"— In Kneeling Position. formidable string of cartridges. The blanket, with certain articles of clothing rolled in it, is securely strapped up behind, while the canvas knapsack contains a day’s rations. The general effect is, perhaps, somewhat lumbered up, as com pared with the popular idea of the looseness and freedom of limb which is always associated with the seaman; but when Jack goes a-soldiering he must do as the soldiers do, and, indeed, he looks much more free and “ portable,” so to speak, than his friend Tommy does in heavy marching order. In firing with the sword fixed, as when surprised by cavalry, or before the final rush to capture a position, the

Landing Rig. frequently called upon to take part in operations on shore, their outfit was, until recent years, by no means as complete or well-contrived as could be desired. Here, however, there appears to be nothing omitted, from a water-bottle to a

Photos. Russell * Sons. ^ Standing Shot—Sword Fixed. soutnua.

modern short sword-bayonet has a very decided advantage over the old heavy one, which was, in fact, a cutlass, and rendered it almost impossible to hold the rifle absolutely steady with the great leverage it exerted. The “ ready ” position on the knee is, of course, a far more advantageous one for steady aim, the left elbow resting firmly on the knee (hotos. Russell & Sons. Landing Rig. Southsea. when firing. Jan. 7th, 1898.] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. 165

the before-mentioned ‘ Le Foudroyant,* the unfortunate prisoner who wrote the scrawl apparently belonged. There are a hundred and more French prisoners’ names of the Napoleonic wartime inscribed on the walls at Portchester.” AVY&ARMY * # * * T h e Carabiniers, or 6th Dragoon Guards, unlike other regiments of Dragoon Guards, wear a blue tunic with white collar and cuffs. A double white stripe is worn on the over alls (trousers). The helmet is of brass, with white metal ornaments, and surmounted by a white plume of horsehair. In undress, the forage cap is surrounded, in the case of the rank and file, with a white stripe; in the case of the officers, warrant and non-commissioned officers, the stripe is gold. The officers of the Carabiniere wear, in undress, a gold cross belt (unlike other regiments of Dragoons and Dragoon Guards, who wear a buff cross belt, except in full dress), with silver buckle, tip, and slide. This latter distinction is also “A f r i c a n d e r ” asks whether the officers of the Household peculiar to the 6th Dragoon Guards. The lambskin over the Cavalry have to undergo competitive examination the same saddles of officers’ horses is black, edged with white cloth in as the cavalry of the Line, and whether they have a regular place of scarlet. The Carabiniere are at present stationed at mess when in London. A candidate who presents himself Aldershot. The regiment stationed at Norwich is the 7th for entry to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, must be (Princess Royal) Dragoon Guards — there is no regiment successful in a competitive examination, unless he be a know n as the 7th (A 'm g's) Dragoon Guards. The 1st D ragoon Queen’s cadet or Queen’s Indian cadet. It matters not Guards are the “ King’s,” and usually known as the whether he intends entering the Household Cavalry or not, “ K.D.G.’s.” The latter wear a scarlet tunic with blue as far as the examination is concerned. He must, however, facings; blue overalls with yellow stripe, and helmet with before being gazetted to his regiment, receive a nomination red plume, in full dress. In undress, the forage cap is sur from the colonel— in the case of the ist Life Guards, 2nd rounded with yellow braid. The “ K.D.G.’s ” are stationed Life Guards, and the “ Blues,” the Prince of Wales. The at Colchester. The 7th Dragoon Guards wear a similar regiments mentioned have a regular mess when stationed in uniform with black facings, and helmet with black and white London. plum e. * * # # # # # #

I n reply to “’Fish,” there are in Her Majesty’s Fleet A i /t h o u g h lightly-armed horsemen, called “ Hobiliere,” several torpedo destroyers whose speed exceeds thirty knots. existed during the feudal period, the present regular Army, Only recently the “ Panther,” built by Messrs. Laird Brothers, established after the Restoration, had no light cavalry till Birkenhead, underwent a series of trials on the Clyde, when, 1756, when each regiment of dragoons received the addition in six runs over the Greenock measured mile, she attained a of a “ light troop.” The practice then seems to have been speed of 3C5 knots, with an I.H.P. of 6,000. In the subse to detach these troops from their regiments as necessity arose, quent three hours’ full-power trial—compulsory before being forming them for the occasion into a light brigade. The first approved for Her Majesty’s Service— the average speed worked regiment of light dragoons was the 15th, raised in 1759, now out at 30'i4. The “ Bat” (Palmers, Jarrow) is the third of a the 15th Hussars. The men carried short carbines slung to series, which may be also included in this category. On her their sides, light curved swords, and pistols, the dragoons at late trials at Portsmouth the mean of six runs over the that time carrying a long musket and bayonet. measured mile was 3o-o53, although on her three hours’ test * # * # she only attained an average speed of 2978. In the former case the mean I.H.P. was 6,167, the engines working at 391 T h e rules governing the interchange of official visits revolutions starboard and 400 port, the steam pressure being between Naval and Military officers are somewhat complicated. 230-lb., with air pressure of 3'3-in. O11 the arrival of a British or foreign man-of-war at a station where there is a Military garrison, an officer is sent on board • * * * with a view to arranging with the senior Naval officer as to the exchange of visits. As soon as possible after the arrival T h e above are by no means the fastest of this type of of a ship, the officer commanding the forces must visit the vessel we possess, and I merely quote them, as in your letter Naval officer in command, if the latter be senior to him. If you contrast “ recent” additions to foreign Navies with the not, he awaits the advent of the Naval officer, and must return older style of torpedo destroyer in our own Service. One his call within twenty-four hours. If the Naval officer be instance alone will be sufficient to show we are not behind in senior, he must come ashore and return the call within the respect to really speedy craft. The “ Desperate,” contracted same time. If there be no general officer commanding, the for by Messrs. Thornycroft for thirty knots, when making senior officer takes his place. When the Naval officer is her preliminary trial last spring exceeded that speed by a below the rank of captain, the aide-de-camp of the general, full knot; and on her official three hours’ test she realised or some staff officer, is “ told off” to repay the call. If the thirty knots, although a heavy sea was running at the time general officer commanding is also a governor or lieutenant- and the wind was high. But this and other performances, governor of one of the Channel Islands, he is held to repre creditable though they be, stand in jeopardy of being— more sent the Queen, and is, therefore, on all occasions entitled to than put in the shade— totally eclipsed, if the turbine principle receive the first official visit. adopted in the “ Turbiana” is successfully extended to larger vessels. During the recent Review at Spithead this hundred- foot torpedo-boat might have been seen “ strolling about ” at T h i s “ Accompt of the English Army as it was ist April, a speed which occasionally approached close upon thirty- 1689,” will interest most of my readers. three knots. T he E nglish Arm y, the first of A pril last, consisted as follow eth:— * * * * Three troops of Guards w ith three troops of G renadiers to them, making together ' . • - * f '76 8 m e n “ I t is, of course, well known,” writes a correspondent, One troop of Scotts Guards consisting of - - - - 118 „ “ that in Napoleon’s time a large number of French and Dutch Ten Regts. of H orse in 66 troops, each troop of 50, m aking prisoners of war were confined in Portchester Castle. The together - - - • - - - - - 3,300 „ Four Regts. of Dragoons in 26 troops, whereof 20 have 60 Spanish captives as a rule went to Plymouth. But at Port ;nen and the other six 49 each, m aking together - - 1,494 >, chester Castle I made another discovery the other day in the Two Regts. of Foot Guards in 45 Companies of 80 each, shape of mementos of an earlier occupation of the place by making together - - ... - . . . . 3,600 „ French prisoners— the poor fellows taken in the Seven Years’ Tw enty-six Regts. of Foot, w hereof one has 26 Com panies of 60 each, another has 14 Com panies of 79 each, and the War. Of these memorials there are quite a number still rem aining 24 regts. have 13 Companies of 60 each, existing, in the shape of names and words rudely scratched making together - - - ...... 2 1 ,3 8 6 „ and cut on the stones of the rough grey walls of the keep at Four Independent Companies of 50 men each - 200 „ Portchester. As, for instance— * D’Auril, 1756,’ ‘ P, Caborit So that the above particulars, which are all computed without de Marseille, 1757/ ‘Jean Hercy,’ ‘Joseph Cochet,’ ‘J. reckoning the officers, make up 4,186 horse, 1,494 dragoons, Gergaud de Cognac au Xaintonge,’ ‘F. Marcy,’ ‘N. S. Botreau,’ and 25,186 fo o t; in all, 30,866 men. all of 1759, to recall a few names at random, with here and * * * * there, in addition, the name of a ship or a catch-phrase scribbled down— a ‘Vivele flette!’ or a ‘ Vivele vaisseau— “ le T h e 20th and 2 ist Hussars, the latter of which have recently Foudroyant!” ’ as in one instance. Yet more curious indeed are been changed into a regiment of Lancers, were transferred two inscriptions of the same period— a roughly scratched ‘ A from the East India Company’s service to the British Establish has l’amiral Hawke,’ and a ‘ Vive l’amiral de Gallissoniere’— ment on that Company ceasing to exist. Owing to their the man who defeated Byng off Minorca, to whose flag-ship, diminutive stature they were familiarly known as the “ Dumpy THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Jan. 7th, 1898.

Pice. ’ Notwithstanding their wanl of inches, few regiments can show a better record, but on their first arrival in England they were a source of mirth to the better halves of our long- legged Dragoons, who found a never-failing method of raising the ire of the Hussars’ wives in the question, “ Does yer man use the same ladder to kiss you as he does to mount his horse ? ” * * * «

R e v e i l l e , Retreat, and Tattoo are three most important items in the soldier’s day. The first (pronounced by Tommy A tk in s revally) is sounded at times varying between five a.m. in summer and seven a.m. in winter, and is the signal for the men and non-commissioned officers to rise and clean the barrack-rooms. It is usually sounded on a trumpet or bugle in barracks. In camp it is played by the fifes and drums, or T TOU may see by what good and gallant service the British Empire in Scottish regiments by the pipes. In connection with the JL is built, and what manner of men are the builders, if you will out latter, “ Hey, Johnny Cope” is the regulation air. Retreat is read two recent books on the Benin Expedition. I warrant they a recognised bugle call, but at important stations the various are as interesting as romances. The hideous massacre of the expedition drum and fife bands take their turn in “ playing retreat,” as of Acting Consul-General Phillips is still fresh in memory. His purpose was to open Benin city to the influences of civilisation, and to break for it is called. By this is meant marching up and down the ever the nightmare of blood that rested on that blighted land. In barrack-square once or twice playing some air on the fifes such work there must be sacrifices. Two men only escaped. They were or pipes. Retreat is sounded at sunset, and usually finds the Captain Alan Boisragon, commandant of the Niger Coast Protectorate private soldier, after the labours of the day, enjoying himself Force, and Mr. Locke, a District Commissioner. How they escaped is in town or preparing to go thither. Tattoo is usually sounded told by Captain Boisragon in his “ Benin Massacre” (Methuen, 3s. 6d.), a book which has reached a second edition. It is a breathless story at ten p.m., and may also be played in the same manner as of adventure. The two men, in the dense bush, were wounded, and the two mentioned above. By this hour all soldiers not on were consumed with a horrible thirst, but they escaped to tell the pass must answer to their names in barracks. Tattoo is also story; and to them the reparation that followed must have been sweet. known as “ last post,” and half-an-hour earlier it is preceded How that reparation was brought about is told by Commander R. H. Bacon, in his “ Benin, the City o f Blood ” (Arnold, 7s. 6d.), by “ first post”— a signal for all to return to barracks. Both who recounts, with dramatic force, the progress of Admiral Rawson’s are exceptionally striking when played on the bugle. At punitive expedition. There is most practical value in the book, and 10.15 “ lights out” is sounded, and no other bugle sound is all those likely to engage in “ small wars ” in West Africa will do well heard till reveille next morning, except in case of alarm. to read it. The advance of the several columns, and, in particular, of the column which proceeded by way of Ologbo, and captured the * # # * town of Benin after long fighting, rushing the royal compound, is vividly described. “ The place stinks of human blood; sacrifices and I n answer to various enquiries I have had as to the corpses everywhere,” was the grim report of Admiral Rawson. It was qualifications of an engine-room artificer for the Royal Navy, a terribly trying march, and the loss was considerable, but the blue the first and most important is that he must have served in jackets and others engaged showed endless fortitude, and qualities that are never failing in our countrymen. The special value of Com some respectable firm for at least four years. If with an mander Bacon’s volume is that it describes the method of the advance, engineering firm, so much the better, but at any rate it must the dealing with ambuscades, the system of precautionary volleys and be one engaged in some cognate business, where the candidate rushes, and a multitude of other details of bush warfare. will have learned that dexterity with a hammer and chisel and I have lately seen it often remarked in the foreign press that Englishmen have fallen into a habit—no new one, however—of file which will be necessary for him in his new career. At extolling themselves, and, as it is a pernicious tendency, leading to a the same time, though not absolutely essential, it will be well disposition to under-value others, I would by no means encourage it, if he can use a lathe. His proficiency in these elements of notwithstanding what precedes. Yet it is interesting to find that his trade will be judged by the fleet engineer of the floating Captain Stenzel, of the German Navy, has just thought it well to workshop, who, in general, is not difficult to please. Besides write an exhaustive account of the British Navy, the chief instrument of our power, in his “ Grossbritaunien und Irland: Die Flotte” (Schall this, however, he must satisfy an engineer of the Steam und Grand, Berlin). Now Captain Stenzel is a veteran officer, of open Reserve of his capacity to read and write well, and of his mind and without prejudice, who is constantly working with his pen, knowledge of such of the ordinary rules of arithmetic as will and who deserves to be better known in this country. It is truly enable him to work out some simple questions on the steam- astonishing to find what ail intimate knowledge he possesses of the engine. constitution of the Admiralty, our Naval policy, the various stations # * # * and dockyards, the personnel and material of the Navy, organisation, training, discipline, uniform, flags, marks of rank, ana an abundance S u p p o s in g him to have passed all these tests, together of other matters. In short, he has given a complete view of the British Navy at the present day, and the plates and plans that accom with a somewhat severe medical examination, he will now be pany his book are afl that could be desired. Indeea, in the coloured transferred to the care of the officer previously named in the pictures of uniform, Germans have now access to better information floating workshop, where he will be employed at such work than is easily available to Englishmen. The volume is a section of a as he is fit for, and to a certain extent learn the ways of the work which is to treat also of the Army, this latter section being Service, for about three months at least, probably longer. by a British officer whose name I will not now mention, and it belongs to a series described as “ Die Heere und Flotten der Gegenwart.” He will receive pay at the rate of ^95 16s. 3d. a year 011 Two little books have been sent to me which deserve mention, if appointment, and if he arrives at the post of chief engine- only for their varied character, in relation to what I have been saying. room artificer, he will be paid at the rate of ^136 17s. a year. “ These Sixty Years, 1837 to 1S97,” by E. M. Holmes and other writers There are greater advantages in prospect for him, however. (Religious Tract Society, 2S. 6d.), is a model of what such a volume should be—a brief, well-balanced, and sufficient account of the Queen’s Mr. Goschen has promised that a certain number of engine- private and public life, and of the intellectual and material progress room artificers shall be promoted to the rank of warrant made during her reign. “ Our Island Home,” by G. H. F. Nye officer, of course with extra pay. Besides this, an artificer, of (Bernrose), with good intentions, is au example o f a curiously distorted whom there are many, in charge of a small vessel in com treatment of history. Children who read it cannot but be possessed mission gets the same charge pay as an engineer officer, viz., with the idea that our history is mostly concerned with church government, monks and reformers, the preaching of Wesley, “ Tract is. a day. 90,” and so forth, but of constitutional history, material progress, or # * # * the relation of the island to the Empire they can scarcely be made aware. In short, as Carlyle might have said, much that should have S t o k e r s are admitted into the Royal Navy wii.li much been distilled to a drop almost fills the author’s somewhat meagre less fuss being made about them and their antecedents than measure, to the exclusion of more important things. is the case with an engine-room artificer. And considering If you want a book of pulse-stirring quality to read at this season, the difference of their positions, this is only reasonable. get Conan Doyle’s “ Exploits of Brigadier Gerard ” (Newues, 6s.). It is Anybody with the requisite power of limb and muscle can as good and as vivid as Defoe. That famous old favourite, “ The Swiss Family Robinson,” newly and beautifully illustrated, is another charm become a stoker. It is a hard life, 110 doubt, but I think the ing volume; and, if you want marvellous pictures, procure “ All About average age of stokers will compare favourably with that of Animals,” or “ The Thames Illustrated,” which takes you from more fortunate bluejackets. A stoker, supposing him to Richmond to Oxford. These three are from the same publisher have a good character, is admitted without parley, provided (10s. 6d. each). he pass the medical examination. He is not required even Two other books before me deserve more than a word of praise. “ The Leisure H our” volume (Religious Tract Society, 7s. 6d.) is a to read or write, though in these days there are few indeed mine of good things, and has a particularly excellent series of articles who cannot do both, but he ought to be of strong physique. on “ The United States Navy.” “ Butterfly Ballads and Songs in When he first joins, he will be retained in the Reserve for a Rhyme,” by Helen Atteridge (John Milne), with illustrations by considerable period, perhaps a year, until he has learned the Gordon Browne, Louis Wain, and others, is simply charming for children and their elders, both dainty and fascinating. The ballad of ways of the Service, and the use of a cutlass and rifle. He “ The Boy who went to Sea ” is really delightful. gets is. 8d. a day till he is “ rated,” and then gets 2s. a day Other books to be read:— till lie rises to a possible 5s. a day, with 3d. a day extra if he “ The Flags of the World, their History, Blazonry, and Associa happens to be a stoker-mechanic. Thus a man who has no tions,” by F. Edward Hulme. (Warne, 6s.) “ The Way of the World at Sea,” by W. J. Gordon. (Religious trade ready to his fingers may do a great deal worse for himself Tract Society.) than become a stoker in the Navy. “ English and Russian Military Vocabulary,” by Lieutenant A. T h e E d it o r . Mears. (Nutt, 3s. 6d.) “ SEARCH-LIGHT.” Jan. 7th, 1898 ] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. 167 WINTER’S DAY IN THE MALL 168 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Jan. 7th, 1898.

Jas. p. riAC^ AnA*A-

HE Royal Irish Constabulary is the full title of the force entrusted with the maintenance of law and order in Ireland, outside the city and suburbs of The force, as it at present exists, dates back to 1836, but as far back as 1797, experiments were made in forming a body of men— we can hardly call them police— to assist in keeping the country in order. It was about the same year that the “ Bow Street Patrole” was organised, the origin of that magnifi cent force, the London Metropolitan Police. The Irish Police (?) of 1797 had no uniform, they were without discipline, and followed whatever trade or calling suited them. As an efficient police they were worse than useless. In 1814, a Peace Preservation Act was passed, empowering the Viceroy to proclaim any part of Ireland as “ disturbed,” and to appoint to such district or area a chief magistrate, a chief constable, and fifty sub- ^_ __ constables. Nobody had the least confidence in, or respect for, this force. As their existence depended 011 their district being disturbed, it is needless to remark that they were careful to see that their existence was fully justified. As a police force, judged by modern standards, they were distinctly quaint; they were mounted, and their uniform, if absolute lack of uniformity may be so called, was the quaintest part of them. As the choice of uniform was left to the personal taste of each officer, the result was highly diverting. One, we read, was attired in “ a dark blue jacket closely braided in front with round black silk cord, small black buttons, red cuffs and collar, red and gold lace barbaric girdle, a tall beaver cap adorned with feathers, splendour, and a crescent and a Turkish scimitar.” Surely, w e r e n o t an admirable costume for a Covent Garden fancy a success, fr dress ball, but slightly outre in such a prosaic and quickly personage as a country police officer. This was th ey and their nothing to what the rank and file wore. In a startling cos troop of thirty, “ ten wore scarlet cloaks, brass tumes disap helmets and plumes, and with the word ‘ Water peared. loo’ in relief; ten more affected hussar uniform, In 1822 another % with the‘slung’ jacket then in vogue; while Act was passed to L the remaining ten had to organise a police be satisfied with whatever force, and, under it, an they could pick up, and inspector-general, 313 chief were simply indescrib constables, and about 5,000 able.” And yet, men were appointed. These, strange to say, these too, proved a failure. They warriors, dragged on a disappointing w ith all existence till 1836, when they their followed the fate of their prede cessors ; and this is hardly to be wondered at, when we hear that in three months no less than ninety-six of the rank and file were dismissed for complicity in secret societies. The authorities still perse vered, and tried yet another experim ent; and in 1836, d urin g the V iceroyalty o f Lord Morpeth, Mr. Drummond, the Under secretary for Ireland, founded a force which eventually became the Royal Irish Constabulary. This new body numbered 9,869 officers and men. Several Acts of Parlia ment were necessary before the force founded by Mr. Drummond attained to the high state of efficiency in which we find it thirty years later; still, crude though it was, we have in it the nucleus of the Royal Irish Constabulary of to-day. In the beginning this Irish police force was officered by ex-Army men, a system which experience showed was not quite successful, and which was soon modified. At first, the new force was not popular; the material was not first-class— it lacked experience, prestige, esprit de corps; the pay was not princely; many of the recruits were ne’er-do-weels, sons of broken- down squireens, failures in other callings. The very name of “ peeler," as they were called, was a term of reproach. However, as it emerged from childhood to adolescence the force improved. By strict attention to business, to use a commercial phrase, it was at first tolerated, and then gradually won the confi dence o f the people. In 1846 there w ere som e 9,000 Constabulary. Two years later, in 1848, the Young Ireland movement caused a scare, and the numbers went up to 11,000. Owing to the action of the Irish Constabulary, Smith O’Brien’s rebellion collapsed rather ridiculously at r=r Ballingary. After this, needless to say, they rose many degrees in the ‘--TO estimation of the Government and all law-abiding citizens, and in 1852 they passed in review before the Queen in the Phoenix Park. A large number volunteered In the “ Rising ” oj 1867. Jan: 7th, 1898.] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. 169

for the Crimea in 1854, and many were employed in the Com Lieutenant should honour the D.I.’s district with a visit, m issariat. he must take charge of the mounted escort; if Biddy In 1857 the Revenue Police were abolished, and the duty Branagan’s goat has been done to death he must track of " still-hunting ” and suppressing the manufacture and sale the 'assassin to his lair. He must know as much law as of “ poteen,” or illicit whisky, devolved upon the regular the smartest local attorney; he must be able to intelli police. gently examine the medical witnesses at coroners’ inquests, Some years after the close of the American Civil War, and show that he knows the difference between a Fenianism, which had been for some time smouldering, compound comminuted fracture of the tibia and an abrasion burst into flame. Large numbers of disbanded soldiers, of the occipital bone. He must report eruditely 011 the crops and federals, and confederates, full of revolutionary ideas and the price of laud, and he must not hesitate to give his opinion, burning with hatred for England, began to pour into Ireland if called for, on the Financial Relations Question, bi-metallism, from America. Drilling was secretly carried on all over the or cremation. A day in the life of a busy district inspector country, and for a while the I.R.B.—the Irish Republican is in itself a liberal education. He revels in hard work— Brotherhood— with James Stephens for head centre, caused patrolling, protecting sheriffs and process servers against something approaching a panic. No one knew what was crowds thirsting for their blood, dispersing mobs, often at the going to happen, and the most exaggerated rumours of a point of the bayonet, at elections or party riots, these are all rising circulated in all directions. Amid the snows of March, in the day’s work ; but what brings his grey hairs in sorrow to 1867, the “ rising ” took place. Everyone knows the result. the grave is making out “ Returns.” An interview with a Owing to that stock character in Ireland, the informer, supposed mad dog, or escaped lunatic, is recreation in com matters were precipitated. No one was ready. Things were parison. As regards pay and allowances, a county inspector not ripe, and preconcerted action was impossible. The police receives about £"joo a year; a district inspector, ^250 to ^450; knew as much about the doings of the rebels as the head a head constable, ^104; a sergeant, ^80; and a constable centre himself. At Kilmallock, in County Limerick, the from ^54 to ^72 ; the last three ranks also getting allowances Police Barrack sustained a siege, and a good deal of powder for lodging, boots, bedding, &c. The uniform of county and and shot was expended; but the Fenians had quickly to raise district inspectors corresponds so closely to that of officers in it and fly on the approach of a handful of police. At Drogheda, the Rifle Brigade, that few, except experts, could see the a Sub-Inspector and the local force put to flight the insur difference. All R.I.C. officers, however, are mounted. The gents at the “ Battle of the Potatoe Market,” without firing men wear helmet, black tunic and trousers, with gaiters, a shot, and at Tallaght, County Dublin, Sub-Inspector Burke valise, and great coat rolled, Snider rifle (with buckshot and and a small body of police routed the Dublin and Wicklow ball ammunition), and sword-bayonet, in marching order; Fenians; and when the Dragoons, under Sir Hugh Rose, forage cap, tunic or frock, sword-bayonet or truncheon, for arrived at full gallop from Dublin there was nothing left for undress; fatigue cap and knickers for cycling. them to do but go home again. The loyalty and courage of To become a district inspector, a nomination from the Irish Constabulary was not forgotten ; their brave conduct the Chief Secretary for Ireland must first be obtained. evoked general praise; Parliament unanimously voted them About ten candidates are nominated for each vacancy— its thanks; rewards and honours were bestowed on those who sometimes even more. The age for admission is from had particularly distinguished themselves; their pay was twenty-one to twenty-six, and in the case of naval or raised, and Her Most Gracious Majesty was pleased to bestow military officers, twenty-eight. The candidate must be at on them the title of Royal, hence they have been ever since least 5-ft. 8-in. in height, and pass a strict medical styled the Royal Irish Constabulary, or, as they are called in examination; the subjects for examination are not difficult, Ireland for brevity sake, the R.I.C. Meantime the mauvais but the exceedingly keen competition renders success no sujets were gradually eliminated from its ranks, recruits of easy task. The successful candidate spends some six or good education, respectability, and splendid physique crowded eight months at the depot; he joins as a cadet, and when the depot, and the whole tone of the force improved. a vacancy occurs among district inspectors, he is appointed In 1878 came the potatoe blight and starvation, with the to the third class of that rank. While in the depot he learns usual concomitant agitation. The Land League was started drill, police duties, Constabulary office work generally, in County Mayo, and rapidly spread all over Ireland. The equitation and musketry. When he has passed satisfactorily work of the R.I.C. literally increased a hundred-fold. in all these subjects he is sent out to the country to fill a Recruiting was pushed forward as it had never been pushed vacancy and to take charge of a district. before. In 1880, 1,000 recruits w ere taken o n ; in 1881, 2,000; Half the number of vacancies for district inspectors are in 1882,2,000; in 1883, 1,000; and yet more were wanted. now given to head constables, who display special aptitude The Government fell back on the Army Reserve, and several and ability, on passing a very searching literary and technical hundreds of that body who had first-rate discharges were examination; while a smaller proportion are reserved for enrolled, mostly for protection duty, but they could not stand sons of Constabulary officers whose names are on the the rigid discipline of the Constabulary, and in twelvemonths Inspector-General’s list. In the ranks promotion is given scarcely fern Army Reserve man remained. In many instances either—firstly, on the recommendation of a constable’s the military were sent to aid the Constabulary, and in every county and district inspectors, or, as rarely happens, for case cheerfully afforded the greatest possible assistance. By some extraordinaiily good police work; secondly, on degrees the agitation subsided, the high pressure was passing a literary examination before the Civil Service removed,, recruiting once more assumed normal proportions, Commissioners and a technical examination before a board and, at the present moment, it is completely suspended. So of officers. The second method has been only adopted of much for the history of the Royal Irish Constabulary. late years, and has been the means not only of bringing The force at present numbers, roughly speaking, about smart, intelligent young policemen rapidly to the front, 11,000 men. The various ranks are as follows: One inspector- but also of attracting young men to join who possess very general, which position has been held since 1885 by Sir high abilities and superior education. In addition to the Andrew Reed, C.B., LL-D., B.L*; one deputy and three ordinary police, there are 150 R.I.C. cavalry. They are assistant inspectors-general (one of whom is commandant of employed mostly on escort duty, and armed with swords and the depot), one Commissioner of Belfast City; 36 county revolvers. inspectors and about 226 district inspectors, divided into In order to join as a constable a man must be at least three classes, according to seniority. The rank and file 5-ft. 9-in. in height, between eighteen and twenty-seven years are made up of some 260 head constables, 2,000 sergeants, of age, of good education and undoubted respectability, and betw een 8,000 and 9,000 constables. T h e first five officers, well-developed, and perfectly sound in every respect. called the superior officers, are, with one exception, at the head Latterly, several men of the R.I.C. have received good quarters in Dublin, while the others are posted all over Ireland, appointments in the Jamaica, Trinidad, and British Guiana from the Giant’s Causeway to Cape Clear. A county inspector police forces. lias charge of a county, and is responsible for its peace Among the district inspectors, promotion is very slow; and for the discipline and effectiveness of the county force. as a rule it takes twenty-five years to become a county He can punish for minor offences, such as petty breaches of inspector, but other good appointments are open to district discipline; the more serious cases, such as drunkenness, inspectors. A good many are appointed to the position of are invariably dealt with at headquarters. Should a man resident magistrate in Ireland, one vacancy in every three deny the charge preferred against him, he is tried by a court falling to them. A number of chief constables in English of enquiry, usually consisting of two district inspectors, police forces were formerly R.I.C. officers, among the number whose verdict, however, must be confirmed by a superior being the chief constables of Devonshire, Cornwall, Bristol, officer. and Liverpool, as well as the Deputy of Liverpool; while A district inspector, formerly sub-inspector, has charge such prominent people as the Governor-General of Jamaica of a district or part of a county, consisting of ten or (Sir Henry Blake), the Under-Secretary for Ireland (Sir twelve sub-districts, each under a sergeant, and from 50 David Harrel), the Commissioner of the Dublin Police, to 100 constables. The duties of a district inspector are, the Chairman of the Irish Prisons Board, the Consul- like Sam Weller’s knowledge of London, “ extensive and General of the Niger Protectorate (Mr. Ralph R. Moor), etc., peculiar.” He must know something of everything and have at one time worn the imifornj of an Irish Constabu ! e able to do most things. If His Excellency the Lord lary officer 170 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Jan. 7th, 1898.

/the nteH^nce Jj

SYNOPSIS OF PREVIOUS CHAPTERS. choleric, although not cross-grained. Under a stern face aud rough manner he had a kindly nature, far down, for he did Captain Wood is an officer on the staff of the Intelligence Depart ment of the War Office engaged with certain confidential questions not wear his heart upon his sleeve, certainly not for an erring pending with the United States Government. It is the height of subordinate, as he considered me just then. the London season, and he is sleeping late after a ball, when he is I felt rather sheepish and uncomfortable as I appeared roused to hear some startling news. A lawyer, Mr. Quinlan, has called before the great man. The General was tall in stature, very to tell him that an unknown relative, an American millionaire, has left him a colossal fortune. Almost at the same moment an American thin and straight, with a still young, neat figure and detective warns him that he has enemies plotting against him and his defiant pose, as he stood erect and well poised on thin fortuue, aud that he goes in imminent danger of his life. dapper legs and small, natty feet, while his strong, weather beaten face— the deep bronze contrasting sharply with the CHAPTER IV. bristling white moustachios, and long, projecting eyebrows, SHARED my room at the Intelligence with a col 0 , er fierce, steely-blue eyes— commanded respect. He had a I league, Swete Thornhill, of the Artillery, a lively youth deep thrilling voice, too, especially when roused ; and at such out of hours, but who stuck to his work manfully— times his expressions were not very choice. Indeed, Sir more so than any of us; and we were by no means idle Charles’s language encouraged his enemies and detractors to men. declare that he had served with the army that had learned to “ Thought you were dead,” he said, shortly, and without swear in Flanders. looking up from his papers. “ Wonder you took the trouble He began on me at once. “ By the Lord Harry, this won’t to come at all.” do, Wood,” he cried, with amazing volubility and force. “ I "I was detained by something special. Important can’t stand it, I won’t stand it. I’ll be something ------d if I business. Anyhow, it’s no affair of your’s,” I answered, rather stand it. What have you got to say for yourself? Slept late ? nettled. Of course you will sleep late if you waste the night flirting “ Yes it is, when it throws me out of my stride. I and philandering with that little madcap devjl, Frida wish you’d make up your mind either to come or to stay Wolstenholme— ta, ta, don’t tell me, I saw you. But that’s away altogether. There has been a regular hue and cry for not the point. You may spoon till you’re sick, and dance you all the morning, and I’ve been disturbed abominably. I till you’re silly, and make up to every heiress in England have those calculations of the comparative penetration of the — counting on your good looks, I suppose, for I don’t see new projectiles in hand, and they take some doing.” what else there is to recommend you. But I won’t have the “ Well, keep your hair on. I don’t want to disturb you. business of this office neglected. Now you are late for But who was it, anyhow ? ” parade, and you know I insist upon punctuality. And I prac “ The boss chief himself, Collingham, Sir Charles. He tice what I preach. I was here as the clock struck ten this lias sent three times for you, and came in twice. Wanted you morning, and I’d already been to Hounslow aud back on my for something pressing. Now, I believe, he is doing the job ‘ bike.’ But there, you’ll end by putting me out of temper. himself. Wise man. Do it a d----- d sight better than you or Don’t do it again.” any man-Jack of us.” “ I won’t, Sir Charles,” I said, meekly hardly, wonderin j At this moment an office messenger came in with a huge why I, a man of millions, submitted to such slavery, and I bundle of papers, which he placed before me on my desk. turned to go. They were enveloped in the usual green “jacket” which “ Ah ! by the way, Wood. Bring me that report of yours, meant extreme urgency, and on the outside was written, in a will you, on the defence of the Canadian frontier ? It is ready, big, bold hand, “ Captain Wood— speak.” 1 presum e ? ” “ He’ll do most of the talking, I expect, ” went on Swete “ .Well, no, Sir Charles, not quite. I have been delayed Thornhill, maliciously. “ He’s fit to be tied. Go in, man, at b y------” once, and take your punishment.” “ Great Scott!” he roared, instantly blazing up again into The distinguished officer at that time head and chief of white heat. “ You lazy, idle young villain. I believe you want our department was Major-General Sir Charles Collingham, to drive me mad. You know as well as I do that the Foreign V.C., K.C.B., one of the most notable soldiers of the day, Office is pressing for the paper, that I promised it to Lord ardent, fearless, highly skilled, strong in counsel, foremost in Salisbury within a week, and here you, you— oh ! go away— the field, who had served almost everywhere, in all the wars, I want none of your excuses. I’ve had enough of you. You great and small, of recent years, and had made a close study shan’t stay here, bringing discredit on the office. I’ll have of the science of his profession as well. He had travelled far none of it. You shall go back to your grovelling, grabby, and wide, knew men and many cities, was as much at home guard-mounting routine, and when you are grizzling your at Court as in camp ; popular in Society, which he cultivated soul out in that beastly tropical hole, Bermuda, you may be in his spare moments, although he allowed nothing to stand sorry for the chance you’ve lost. Go away, I say. I’ve done iu the way of his work. The Service came first, and first in with you. I hate the very sight of you.” the Service was the all-important, transeendently useful And I went; meaning in my rage— for I, too, had become department, as he thought it, over which he presided. furiously angry— to take him at his word and walk straight Sir Charles expected, nay, exacted, a like devotion from out of the house. But custom is strong—the spirit of sub us, his staff officers, whom in all matters of duty he ruled ordination, of obedience, the soldierly sense of duty, when with a rod of iron. None of us liked to face him when he was once imbibed, are not to be shaken off in a second. When I put out, which, it may be said, was not seldom, for he was regained my desk aud saw the papers there, I remembered Jan. 7th, 1898.] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. 171

that I was bound in honour to fulfil my obligations. My devil hands down. What is it— two, three, four thousand a chief had, no doubt, gone too far; but that did not release year? A very comfortable sum, no doubt, but with it you’ll me. Before I took any further steps I must first do my tale enjoy soldiering all the more. It will give you a good status, o f bricks. too, over there,” pointing towards Pall Mall. “ They like “ Nasty, was he ? ” laughed Swete Thornhill, who had monied men, I think, at the War Office; at any rate, they are his hat on, and was clearly prepared to go out to lunch. monstrous civil to them.” “ No? Don’t try any of your humbug with me. Why, we “ But it is far more than what you say, Sir Charles,” I could hear him all over the house. Serve you right.” went on. “ I believe I am a millionaire two or three times “ Look here, Thornhill------” over. Will you please read that ? ” and I handed him my “ Leave it, man. You’ve had a wigging— not the first. lawyers’ letter. Drop that ruler, will you.” But he thought it better to make “ Whew ! ” He whistled several bars of a popular street for the door. “ Not coming to the N. and W., I take it ? melody (very much out of tune), folded up the letter, handed Mustn’t go out till you’ve done your oakum. Oh, naughty, it back, and then, looking me straight in the face, said, with nau gh ty------” slow, kindly emphasis: With that I fired off the ruler, which banged against the “ By George, Wood, I pity you.” hastily-closed door as Thornhill ran for his life. It was not quite what I expected from this experienced, But he was right. Although not really “ kept in,” I long-headed man of the world, and he read my disappoint meant to stay in and give all my energies to the work I had ment in my face. to do. There was not much wanting to finish m y “ Doesn’t please you, eh ? You think yourself the most report on the Canadian frontier, and I did it fortunate chap alive? But you’re all wrong. Vast riches are out of hand. Then I sent it in to a nuisance—they are worse.” the chief, and prepared to tackle He threw up both his the second set of papers, which hands, and began to slowly proved to be a scheme, marked pace up and down the room. “ strictly confidential,” for a com “A nuisance! A tyranny bined attack upon New York by indeed. They will weigh you sea and land. But now I noticed down and worry you perpetu the word “ speak,” and I knew ally. Lord, Lord. The care of that I must take verbal instruc all this money, the use of it, tions before I set to work. I the defence of it 1 The whole must face my irascible chief again, world, Wood, is made up of and I had no great fancy for it. two classes—those who have However, it must come sooner or money, and those who want later, so I scribbled a few words to take it from them. You on a sheet of foolscap, and went in. will soon have a much poorer The General was at his stand opinion of human nature, with ing desk (he seldom sat down) their continual cry of ‘ Give, poring over my other report, but give.’ But, there, that’ll come he looked round as I entered, and fast enough. Let’s talk about nodded pleasantly. Bright sun yourself. What do you mean shine had already succeeded the to do ? ” always fugitive storms in his “ Honestly, Sir Charles, I hasty temperament. lardly know. I am still too “ This will do first rate, much bewildered and taken Wood. There are only one or aback by what has happened. two points that need amplifica Will you advise me, sir?” tion,” and we went over the “ It’s not so easy, my lad. items together. It depends so much upon Then I asked him about the yourself—upon your principles, other matter, and soon heard all your tastes, and predilections. I wanted to know. I can set Everything is open to you. down nothing of this here, for Public life—do you care for the whole affair was very secret politics ? Not very keenly, I and particular— of vital interest daresay, and, frankly, I don’t to two great countries—and Sir recommend it. You’re too Charles impressed it on me very late to start on a great earnestly that the paper and career, and nothing less is plans must on no account pass worth the trouble and annoy out of my possession. ance— the incessant slavery “ You may have to work on to your constituents and the scheme at your own diggings, \ the House of Commons. for it must go in by the end of LM Of course you will marry, the week ; but pray be most and I’ve a shrewd notion careful. Lock up the papers in your which way your fancy despatch-box at night, and keep the lies. I know her well— Frida Wolsten- thing entirely private.” holme, that little minx. Miss Frida will “ It is just possible that you may wish to give the job to lead you a fine dance.” someone else, General, as I shall hardly be here to complete “ But, Sir Charles, I have never spoken to her. I have it,” I said, rather stiffly, and with that I handed him the sheet no reason to suppose that, if I did, she would accept me.” of foolscap which contained my resignation. “ Try her,” said the General, drily. “ You have three “ Why, Wood, d------n it all, you don’t mean this, surely 1 ” millions and odd— new and strangely eloquent reasons for cried Sir Charles, aghast. “ You can’t have taken offence at convincing her of your worth.” what I said this morning ? I was a trifle put out, perhaps, “ She is not that sort at all, Sir Charles.” but I never meant it seriously. No, no, take this beastly “ Then Eve wasn’t her ancestor. I’ve known her from a thing back, or let me tear it up. We cannot part with you. child. She's pretty enough, I’ll admit, and she’s well I like you, so do the rest of us, and you are d------d useful. I tochered, but, by the living Jingo, I’d rather you married her will admit that frankly, heartily. This will never do. For than I. By George, she’ll be a handful. Just look at the way give and forget, my boy. There’s my hand on it. I beg she bullies her dear mother. Square it at once, my boy. Square your pardon, and— I know you won’t be late again.” it if you can. It may be the making of you. At any rate, it I was greatly touched by his kindness, and I told him will give you plenty to do. Miss Frida will set the money so, but then I hastened to explain that my resignation was moving, and you too. So much the better, perhaps.” in no way the result of pique, and that I was on the point of “ Then you advise me to leave the Service, sir ? ” sending in my papers to retire from the Service altogether. “ Of course you must leave,” he roared, with sudden “ The simple fact is that I have come in to money, sir— a fury. “ What, a captain in the army, with a hundred good bit of money,” I explained. and fifty thousand a year! It’s out of the question. But “ How much, if it is a fair question ? I ask, because you don’t be in too great a hurry, Wood. Suppose this wind may have a good enough income, a devilish fine income, and fall proves a fraud, where are you? You can have leave— yet it would be wiser for you to stay here. The discipline of although I don’t know how I can spare you with all this any regular routine work is good for independent men. g o in g on----- —” Believe me, you’d soon sicken of being entirely your own Leave was a weak point with Sir Charles. He hated to master. Take to drink, or cards, or petticoats, and go to the let anyone go away. 172 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED\ [Jan. 7th, 1898.

“ I should like a few days, sir, soon. I may have things fool. I knew, of course, that I had now become fair game to settle------” for the blackmailers, and I was inclined to imagine that “ Oh, if you must, you must, but not for a day or two, Mr. Snuyzer’s solicitude was only a transparent attempt to please. And, Wood, my dear chap, don’t neglect this New extort money. York business. I am relying so much on you for it; you’ve “ And what would it cost me to secure the good offices of been out there, and know all the ropes. You’ll work on these Messrs. Saraband and Sons ?” I asked, seeking enlightenment papers, won’t you, now, and to-morrow, and whenever you as to his probable demands. h ave a chance ? ” “ Our charges, sir, are no more than out-of-pocket So I stuck to the papers for the rest of the afternoon, expenses and a small retaining fee, say five - and - twenty and, when I left, desired the messenger to send them on in dollars a week. After that a pro rata premium, according to a despatch-box to Clarges Street. the risks.” “ Risks? I do not quite understand.” “ The perils, sir, from which you are saved, whether C H A P T E R V . by premonition, guardianship, or actual rescue. We have a “T h a t same American gentleman has been here several graduated scale. I shall be happy to leave the ‘ skedool ’ times,” Savory said, when I reached my rooms. “ Would with you. Here are some of the items : Divorce proceedings have it he’d got an appointment with you. Told him I didn’t — either side, sequestration, false charges, wounding, loss of know when you’d be home.” limb, death—:----- “ Well, show him up when he calls. I’ll see him.” “ Murder, in short?” I still spoke in a flippant tone. Presently he brought up a card with the name “ Erastus “ What is the rate of insurance against that ? ” K. Snuyzer” on it in gold letters, and the man himself His face did not relax, and he answered gravely: quickly followed. He was dressed in the same irreproachable “ From £ 10,000 up to any sum, according to the nearness fashion as when I had seen him in the morning— good new o f the risk.” clothes, well cut, a glossy hat, a gardenia, and the shiniest of “ Well, I will think over your obliging offer. Possibly, if shoes with big bows. I find I cannot take care of myself, I may come to you. For “ Take anything?” I asked, as I offered him a chair. the present I shall trust to Scotland Yard and my own “ Cigar, sherry, whisky ? ” endeavours.” “ Cigar, sir, yes ; and, thank you, a glass of water, hot. I “ You are wrong, sir, entirely wrong, believe that,” said am an abstainer, and I follow the precepts, sir, of Dr. my visitor, darkly, as he rose to take his leave. “ You Saunderson, of Poughkeepsie. My constitution is frail. I are in considerable danger, sir, and it will increase hourly. suffer greatly at times.” And you have given points against you. The chief aim “ Well, now ? ” I asked, after satisfying his modest wants. of these big ‘ bunco steerers ’ is, of course, to pouch your “ It’s this way,” he replied. “ My people have calculated dollars, but it is known that you are concerned with the that you might like to secure their services.” differences between our two great countries. It is supposed “ One moment, pray ; who and what are your people ? ” that you hold important military information, State secrets “ Saraband and Sons. You have surely heard of them ? that might be got out of you, squeezed out of you, if they put The great firm of private detectives. Successors of the you in a tight place. You may decline our offer— that is your Pinkertons. I was with Allen Pinkerton, myself, for years, own affair. But, sir, let me conjure you to carry a six-shooter and he reckoned I was one of his smartest pupils.” on all occasions; go nowhere— well, to no strange or unusual “ What on earth should I do with a private detective?” I places— alone.” cried, with a great laugh. “ I trust it is not quite so bad as all that, Mr. Snuyzer. “ I may venture to remind you that you have just Still, I am grateful, and I shall certainly remember you if, succeeded to a vast fortune; the heirship of the McFaught if------” property must be worth several millions to you, and—aud— “ You survive? Yes, sir, but do not leave it too late. so Sarabands desired me to call.” You have been marked down, captain, and they will strike at “ Is it part of a rich man’s duty or business to keep a you, somehow, soon. To-day, to-morrow, at any time. They private detective ? ” I was still laughing, but I found no contend that the McFaught millions were acquired by spolia response on the portentously solemn face of my visitor. tion and sharp practice.” “ That’s as may be, Captain Wood. Some do and some “ Is there any truth in that ? ” I broke in, hurriedly. don’t. Those who didn’t have come to wish they had; so “ Bully McFaught was a smart man, and struck some might you.” close things. But he was no more entitled to States’ prison " And what would happen if I were so foolish as to refuse than those he fought with on Wall Street. Any stick is good the obliging offer of ‘ your people’ ?” I asked, smilingly. enough to beat a dog with, and your enemies will talk tall “ I beg of you to be serious, Mr. Wood. Take us, or about surrendering ill-gotten gains, because it is a good show leave us. But employ someone. Do not, for heaven’s sake, card. I do not think you need lie awake wondering whether attempt to run alone.” you should make restitution to the widow and the fatherless— He spoke with such evident earnestness aud good faith anyway, not till it’s forced upon you, as it may be.”. that I began to feel a little uncomfortable. “ And you can save me from that ? ” “ Do you imply that I need protection, that I am in any “ Or worse. We think you will be well advised to danger, any personal danger ? That unless I am taken care of consider our offer. If we can be of any service to you, I shall fall a victim to some— what shall I say ?— some plot ? ” remember our telephone number is 287,356, and I shall reply “ All that and more. I cannot at this stage be more personally or by proxy at any time, day or night. You have, explicit in my warnings. It would be giving away our also, my address, 39, Norfolk Street, Strand. I reside there, ousiness. But there are ample grounds for what I say. I on the premises. I shall be proud to receive your instructions, indicated something of the sort of thing when I spoke to you and— if it is not too late— to come to your assistance on the this morning. There are those who grudge you your newly- shortest notice. Good day, captain. Think well of what I say.” acquired fortune, who deny your right to it, or even the How was I to take all this ? Seriously ? I had read testator’s right to it. They are ready to employ any means— in every school book of the snares aud pitfalls or great secret, insidious, even violent means, to wrest it from you. wealth, but had never dreamt—who could ?— of dangers so Let me tell you, sir, that even now, at this moment, you may strange and terrible as those that now menaced me, if I were be, I believe you are, in imminent peril— you and your life.” to give credence to this extraordinary tale. “ But this is a matter for the police,” I cried, hotly, It was surely preposterous, the wildest, most extravagant springing to my feet. What 1 Was I, the owner of three or and impossible story. Whatl A man’s life and property in four millions, to be thus robbed and plundered, possibly hourly imminent danger here in London, under the aegis of murdered, in law-abiding, well-guarded London ? the law, surrounded by one's friends, protected by all the “ Your police cannot help you in this. It is too private safeguards of civilised existence ? It was not to be credited. and particular; and they are of little good till after the event. I, at least, would not believe it— not till I had more direct, What you want is prevention, anticipation. You must meet unmistakable evidence. I could uot accept the mere hints guile with guile, plot with counterplot, always supposing and vague threats of a confidential agent, obviously on the there is time.” look-out for a new and wealthy client. “ Where is the hurry ? ” Perhaps this conclusion did not entirely satisfy me. I “ We have reason to know that everything was planned felt iu my secret heart that I should be wrong to quite some time since.” neglect his strange and far-fetched, yet most impressive * “ W h y 1 the news is not a day old yet 1 ” w arning. “ It has long been expected that the McFaught millions But all that would surely keep. Sufficient unto the day would come to England, but the name of the real heir was was its evil. Five minutes later, with my faithful Roy at only disclosed a week ago. Everything was ready, and the my heels, I had set forth to stroll into the park. It was campaign was to commence directly it was known who should the hour when I was almost certain to meet with Frida be attacked.” Wolsteuholme, and I was dying to tell her the great news. I looked at this heavy-featured, slow-speaking Yankee, wondering whether he was iu earnest or only thought me a (T o be continued). Jan. 7th, 1898.] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED.

Photo. MAULL & FOX. Piziadilly. LIEUT.-GENERAL FREDERICK WILLIAM TRAILL BURROUGHS , C.B. ieutenant-general Frederick w illiam tra ill burroughs, c.b., colonel of the Lf Warwickshire Regiment, is a veteran of the Crimea and Indian Mutiny. In these campaigns, and afterwards in the Sittana Campaign, he served in the 93rd Sutherland Highlanders, to the command of which he eventually succeeded. One of the most gallant officers in the British Army, lie fully earned the Victoria Cross, but did not get it. At the Secunderbagh he was one of the first, if not the very first, to enter the hole in the wall which stood for a breach, and was wounded in the head by a cut from a tulwar. At the capture of Lucknow his ’eg was broken at the blowing up of s< me buildings. For some years he commanded the 93rd Highlanders, and 011 retiring from the Army, with the honorary rank of Lieutenant-General, accepted the command of the ist Orkney Artillery Volunteers, which he resigned only some two years ago. General Burroughs is the proprietor of Rousay, one of the Orkney Islands. He is in his 67th year, and is in possession of many medals and decorations. 17-1 T lU i NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Jan. 7th, 1898.

OUR CAVALRY REGIMENTS.

HE 5th trace their descent from a regiment of dragoons T that served under William of Orange in Ireland, and were formerly styled the 6th (Royal Irish) Dragoons. At Blenheim the regiment was recognised by Marlborough, for the execution it wrought in the ranks of the enemy, and was permitted to carry the captured kettle-drums. The 5th were present at Ramillies, Oudenarde, and Malplaquet. At the first-named battle, in co-operation with the Scots Greys, they played liavoc with the French Grenadiers of Picardy. The regiment was disbanded in 1799, but was revived in 1858 under its present title. As such it was employed at Suakiu in 1883. The uniform is blue, the facings, plastron, and collar scarlet, and the plume green. The 9th were raised in 1715, and fought against Prince James Edward Stuart, in his unsuccessful attempt to gain the throne. In 1783 the regiment was constituted Light Dragoons. In 1816 they were converted into Lancers, and in 1830 obtained the title of “ Queen’s,” having been noticed by William IV. when on duty at Kensington. The regiment distinguished itself at Sobraon in the first Sikh War, and in the second at Chillianwalla and Goojerat. In the Indian Mutiny, too, the 9th Lancers were noted for their bravery, both at Delhi and Lucknow. They made the A fgh an Cam paigns o f 1878-80, and took part in the m arch to Candahar. The uniform is blue, the facings, plastron, and collar scarlet, and the plume black and white. The 17th Lancers, familiarly known as the “ Death or Glory Boys,” on account of their badge—a death’s head—and their motto— “ Or Glory,” were raised in 1759. O11 the out break of war with America, the 17th were ordered to the front, and were the first cavalry regiment 011 that occasion to cross the Atlantic. They were present at Bunker’s Hill, and returned to Ireland in 1781. Four troops were employed in the Maroon War, some of them as Marines on board the “ Hermione,” and five troops served at San Domingo, 1796-97. The regiment was present at Monte Video and Buenos Ayres. It was distinguished in Cutch, 1815, and iii the Piudaree War, 1816-18. The 17th embarked for the Crimea in 1854, and were present at the Alma, Iukerman, and Balaclava, in the last battle forming part of the Light Brigade. They served York.Pliolo. G. II. TH W A IT E S . York.Pliolo. in India towards the end of the Mutiny, and in Zululand, Private 17th Lancers. notably at Ulundi. The uniform is blue, the facings, plastron, collar, and plume white.

HOMES OF THE ARMY.

a n c a s t e r enjoys, in Lr common with a very few English towns, the distinction of being repre sented by a territorial regi ment of its very own. This, too, notwithstanding the fact that Lancashire contributes five other regiments to our Army, namely, the East and South Lancashire, the Lanca shire Fusiliers, the Manches- ter.andthe King’s(Liverpool) Regiment. As the depot of the Royal Lancaster Regi ment and the headquarters of a regimental district, Lan caster Barracks have a typical importance, which is well illustrated by the eight photo graphs on these two pages, for, although it has been the policy of the War Office, ever since the introduction of the Territorial System in 1881, to Officers' Quarters. keep the regimental district and the depot at rather a low standard of vitality, with the strain put upon them which in not a few cases they would result that even in the Service itself their functions are often have great difficulty in sustaining. imperfectly understood, there is no getting over the fact ''Looking, for instance, at the peace and order which that these two institutions represent the true inwardness of characterise these pictures of Lancaster Barracks, one can territorialisation. and, further, in time of war would have a have, little idea of the trouble and turmoil that would reign assuming that we were in the throes of a great war in which the Royal Lancasters were taking, as they assuredly would take, a gallant aud glorious part. The only indi cation of the altered functions of the depot under such cir cumstances is the photograph o f the interior o f the arm oury, showing rifles for the Army Reserve. Here we have a reminder of the fact that in any general mobilisation the first thing a depot has to do is to call in all the first-class Army Reserve men belonging to the territorial regiment, tending each man a passage warrant and the comfortable sum of three shillings per postal order, with a view to expediting his arrival as much as possible. As the men arrive—there are only about 80,000 of them dotted over the country, an average of some hundreds to each regiment—they have to be The Armoury. lodged, boarded, clothed, and

Photos. R. SUALLEY. Ante-Room, Officers' Mess. Dinino-Room, Officers' Mess. 170 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Jan. 7th, 1898.

Interior of Armoury. ^le Store-Room.

armed, and, after they have picked up their drill on the depot square, sent on to one or another battalion to bring up to war strength, replace war wastage, and so on. As suming that the war was a protracted one, there would be other developments at the depot, such as the formation of a “ second provisional bat talion,” into which, however, we need not go further here. What has been said already is sufficient to show that, although it is possible for a depot to become something rather resembling a “ Sleep}' Hollow” in the piping times of peace—of course, this is not the rule—the moment a .1 Ten's Quarters and Armoury. great war takes place all these depot barracks will suddenly become hotbeds of activity, remaining o cupants, including the Militia, who do their and, let us confidently anticipate, serious mainstays of our preliminary training at this centre, being birds of passage fighting strength. merely. The command of the district and depot is vested m In peace time the main business of the regimental an officer who holds rank as a colonel on the staff, aud who, district and depot is recruiting. The recruit comes in with as a rule, has commanded one of the Line battalions of the terri more or less hay-seed in his hair, he is provided with accom torial regiment. He is assisted, generally speaking, by four modation, given rations and uniform, and at once started on officers between the ranks of major aud second lieutenant, one his military duties, in which he is fairly well grounded before of whom acts as adjutant; and as the commanding officer he is allowed to join a service battalion. To accomplish all usually lives apart, and one, at least, of the others is married, this a permanent staff is, of course, necessary, and this con the depot mess is sometimes not a very lively institution. stitutes the only stable element in a depot barracks, all the But this need not Prevent the officer on duty at the depot from leading a very pleasant life so far as social amenities go. Reverting to our illustra tions, these, it will be noted, give a singularly complete idea of depot life, whether as regards the commissioned or non-commissioned ranks. The officers’ mess, is a neat structure of some archi tectural pretensions, and, as will be noted from the two pictures representing respec tively the dining and ante rooms of the officers’ mess, with distinct claims to inte rior comfort. The remaining photographs are of special interest to those interested in the details of barrack life from the time when the recruit, attracted by the posters on the gate, enters the square to the proud moment when he is given a rifle from the armoury, and, after spending a good many hours per diem in learning how to carry it, seeks well- earned rest on the comfort- hoitn. tt s m a l l e y U oncam ht able bed provided for his use Interior of Men's Quarters, “ D " Company. by a grattful country. Jan. 7th, 1898.] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED.

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1 8 3 ^ S21 '& ^ rd 2 )H a>rH / O 4-* 178 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Jan. 7th, 1898.

Miss DanielPs Soldiers’ Homes at Aldershot and London.

'T'H IRTY-FIVE years ago our great train- J- ing camp was a new institution, but even then the town of Aldershot had com menced to replace the original village of 6oo inhabitants on the site of which it stands. The new town offered attractions to the soldiers in the shape of public-houses, dancing saloons, and other places of resort; but the encouragements to well-doing by which the men are now surrounded were entirely wanting. Iu point of fact, it was extremely difficult for a well-disposed and well-conducted young soldier to pui'sue a straight course, the temptations being many and the aids to self-restraint few and feeble. In these circumstances, a Christian lady, the widow of an officer, was moved with com passion for the brave lads and men whose best interests were so much neglected. That lady was Mrs. Daniell, the founder of the Aider- shot Mission Hall and Soldiers’ Home, a place to which soldiers of all ranks look back with the most grateful and affectionate . , regard. Assisted by another officer’s widow . The Aldershot “ Soldiers Home.'

r.nd some like-minded ladies, Mrs. Daniell opened a house as a temporary home where soldiers might enjoy harmless recreation, attend religious meetings, if so inclined, and be at all times welcome. It was little more than a year later that the present building was erected, Mrs. Daniell having, in the meantime, secured land and collected a sum o f £'3,000 for her object. The saying is attributed to the Duke of Wellington, that “ in every barrack there should be a place where a man could read his Bible and write to his mother.” This is merely the concise expression of the root idea which has been developed and amplified by Mrs. Daniell and her ladies. The Aider- shot Home contains dining, reading, billiard, and smoking rooms, bedrooms, lending library, class-room, a hall that holds about 500, and a drawing-room for officers’ meet ings. Any soldier can have access to books, games, and writing materials; there are classes for reading, writing, and singing; and a religious meeting, attendance at which is optional, is held for ail hour every evening. At the bar, good refreshments, but 110 intoxi cants, are provided. Add to all this the kind, pervading presence of ladies who devote Ready fo r “ F ifty Up." their lives and their talents to the promotion of the soldier’s welfare, and who are always ready to advise and sympathise with him in trouble or adversity, and it must be realised how vastly we are indebted to the wise heads and tender hearts that pioneered so beneficent a movement. Mrs. Daniell died in 1871, having been spared to see the Aldershot Home solidly established, and to make plans for branch homes at other places. The care of the parent establishment, and the extension of the good work, devolved 011 her daughter, the late Miss Daniell, on whom descended a “ double portion ” of her mother’s spirit, and whose name will long be held in high honour by officers and men, as that of an unfailing and unselfish friend of the British soldier. Miss Daniell and her fellow-labourers have always been careful to maintain the unsectarian position which was at the outset taken up by Mrs. Daniell. All soldiers, of whatsoever persuasion, are received with equal cordiality, and no attempt is made to obtrude dogma or make proselytes. I11 con nection with the Homes there are temperance agencies, savings banks, needlework societies for 5employing soldiers’ wives, and other arrangements for the benefit of the men and their families; but the ruling principle and motive of the whole are supplied by the Christian faith. The furnishing and general management of the several Homes are as rkoto> W Y R M .L A > I l o ' i r with a Hook Auur,**. nearly alike as possible, so that men who have Jan. 7th, 1898.] THE NA VY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED.

frequented one have the agreeable impression of being among old associations when they enter another. After the death of Miss Daniell, Miss Kate Hanson was entrusted with the charge of the Homes, and it is gratifying to know that their value is as much as ever appreciated by the men. The London Soldiers’ Home, in James Street, Buckingham Gate, is the most recently-formed branch of the parent estab lishment at Aldershot, but the great demand for accommodation has already proved the necessity for additional room. So many soldiers pass through London and stop at the Home, that the sleeping space has been found quite inadequate, although additions have more than once been made to it. Miss Hanson has been telling her wants, and it is to be hoped that they will be promptly and liberally supplied, for-it is out of character to refuse a bed to a wearied soldier who comes seeking a “ hoine,” and expecting the comforts which the name implies. This is especially so in the case of married soldiers, who are sometimes obliged to find other and inferior lodgings at what is, for their pockets, a heavy additional expense. » Miss Hanson says, in a published statement, that “ only a Photo. ROUCII. The L indon “ Soldiers Home short time since, thirty-seven men from 011c Highland regiment had to bivouac down stairs,” and it is a not uncommon thing for men to sleep on tables and settees, ali the beds being occupied by previous arrivals. The proposed alterations in the London Home will not cost much, and will certainly be an improvement, although it would have been more satisfactory if there had not been a diminution of the cubic air space. This, however, seems inevitable, because no adjoin ing ground is available for further building. The incalculable influence for the good of the Army which is put forth by these Homes should commend the ill to the favour of all who have it iu their power to assist. Iu an unostentatious and inexpensive way they tend to popularise the Service, and to make it a training school for the thousands who annually return into civil life. Miss Daniell’s Homes are likewise estab lished at Chatham, Plymouth, Colchester, and Windsor ; but the most important of the branches is that of London. All these agencies should be looked upon with a friendly eye; but Miss Daniell’s Homes are viewed by many with special favour because they offer an equal welcome to all soldiers, and do not bear the label of any one denomi nation. Another fact to their credit is that they were the first in the field. This should not be forgotten when help is required in the admirable and many-sided work of which Photo. ROUCH, A Quiet Game o f Chess. they are the centres.

On Guard on the Thibet Frontier.

'V X T lh show here the quarter guard of a detachment of the VV 2nd Manchester Regiment—the old 96th—at Fort Graham, Gnatong, Sikkim, as equipped for their special duty in Balaclava caps, snow goggles, thick lined great coats and warm gloves, blue serge trousers, khaki putties, and ammunition boots. Fort Graham is the highest post in the world occupied by British troops, and its altitude above the sea is 12,300-ft. It is situated at the foot of the Jalap La (Pass) into Thibet, about seventy miles by road from the Indian hill station of Darjeeling. The men liked the change there, from the baked plains of Bengal, very much, and irofited greatly while in the hills in health, as their exceed ingly robust and healthy appearance on being visited at the post testified. Fort Graham was first occupied after the Sikkim Expedition of 1888. Since our photograph was taken, the European garrison there has been withdrawn and a police outpost established instead. The fort itself, it should be observed in connection with the uniform that the men are shown wearing, lies no great distance below the snow line of the Upper Himalayas, and during its occupation by the 2nd Manchesters the snow fall was abundant all round. It is just nine miles within the From a FUom' Py “ Mili,ary ojncc,. frontier line between British India and Thibet. ^ t Fart. Graham, 12,300-//. above Sea Level. 180 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Jan. 7th, 1898.

MAKING THE SOLDIER.

‘ ■hoto. G REG O RY. BAYONET EXERCISE AT ALDERSHOT.

'T H E modern infantry soldier is armed with two weapons— close quarters he must defend himself and try to disable his -1 the rifle to itse at long' ranges, and the bayonet for hand assailant with the bayonet. It is, therefore, important that he to hand fighting. Against the bullets of the enemy be can should know how to use it. Such a scene as the above make use of natural and artificial cover, but when attacked at may be witnessed daily7' in any military gymnasium.

THE GORDON BOYS’ ORPHANAGE. HpHE Gordon Boys’ Orphanage at Dover is one of the two recent review of the Dover garrison, in honour of Her J- excellent institutions founded in memory of the great Majesty’s Jubilee, the boys, at the invitation of the general Christian soldier .who fell at Khartoum. It was founded by officer commanding the district, had the distinguished honour its present honorary manager, Mr. T. Blackman, with the of parading and marching past with the troops. This full consent and approval of the hero’s sisters, who have never photograph was taken in Juty last, by permission of the ceased to take the greatest interest in its welfare. The little officers oi' the Royal Engineers, in front of the statue erected kilted lads are well cared for and well brought up, with good by them to the memory of General Gordon, who, it is well manners, being in consequence, universally popular. At the known, was a devoted friend to boys.

Pipers and Drums Under the Statue of General Gordon at Chatham. Dy a M ilitary Officer